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SONET ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SONET ,[object Object]
SONET ,[object Object],[object Object]
SONET ,[object Object],[object Object]
SONET ,[object Object],[object Object]
SONET ,[object Object]
SONET ,[object Object],[object Object]
SONET: advantages ,[object Object],[object Object]
SONET: advantages ,[object Object]
SONET: advantages ,[object Object],[object Object]
Synchronization of Digital Signals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Synchronization of Digital Signals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Synchronization of Digital Signals ,[object Object],[object Object]
Synchronization of Digital Signals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basic SONET signal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basic SONET signal ,[object Object],[object Object]
Basic SONET signal ,[object Object],[object Object]
Basic SONET signal STS = synchronous transport signal N byte-interleaved; OC-N = Optical carrier level N ; DS = Digital Signal. SONET Hierarchy 5,376 DS–1s or 192 DS–3s 9,953.280 STS–192, OC–192 1,344 DS–1s or 48 DS–3s 2,488.320 STS–48, OC–48 336 DS–1s or 12 DS–3s 622.080 STS–12, OC–12 84 DS–1s or 3 DS–3s 155.520 STS–3, OC–3 28 DS–1s or 1 DS–3 51.840 STS–1, OC–1 Capacity Bit Rate (Mbps) Signal
Basic SONET signal Nonsynchronous Hierarchy 28 DS–1s 44.736 DS–3 96 DS–0s 6.312 DS–2 24 DS–0s 1.544 DS–1 1 DS–0 0.064 DS–0 Channels Bit Rate (Mbps) Signal
Why Synchronize? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why Synchronize? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Why Synchronize? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Synchronizing SONET ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SONET Frame Format ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SONET: STS–1 Building Block STS–1 Frame Format
SONET: STS–1 Building Block STS–1 Frame Elements
SONET: STS–1 Building Block ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SONET: STS–1 Building Block
SONET: STS–1 Building Block ,[object Object],[object Object]
SONET: STS–1 Building Block ,[object Object],[object Object]
SONET: STS–1 Building Block ,[object Object],[object Object],STS–1 signal rate =(9) x (90 bytes/frame) x (8 bits/byte) x (8,000 frames/s) = 51,840,000 bps =51.840 Mbps
SONET Alarm Structure ,[object Object],[object Object]
SONET Alarm Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SONET Alarm Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SONET Alarms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SONET Alarm: anomaly ,[object Object],[object Object]
SONET Alarm: defect ,[object Object],[object Object]
SONET Alarm: failure ,[object Object]
ISDN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ISDN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ISDN BRT ,[object Object],[object Object]
ISDN BRT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ISDN BRT ,[object Object],[object Object]
ISDN BRT ,[object Object],[object Object]
ISDN BRT ,[object Object]
ISDN BRT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ISDN BRT ,[object Object],[object Object]

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  • 18. Basic SONET signal STS = synchronous transport signal N byte-interleaved; OC-N = Optical carrier level N ; DS = Digital Signal. SONET Hierarchy 5,376 DS–1s or 192 DS–3s 9,953.280 STS–192, OC–192 1,344 DS–1s or 48 DS–3s 2,488.320 STS–48, OC–48 336 DS–1s or 12 DS–3s 622.080 STS–12, OC–12 84 DS–1s or 3 DS–3s 155.520 STS–3, OC–3 28 DS–1s or 1 DS–3 51.840 STS–1, OC–1 Capacity Bit Rate (Mbps) Signal
  • 19. Basic SONET signal Nonsynchronous Hierarchy 28 DS–1s 44.736 DS–3 96 DS–0s 6.312 DS–2 24 DS–0s 1.544 DS–1 1 DS–0 0.064 DS–0 Channels Bit Rate (Mbps) Signal
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  • 25. SONET: STS–1 Building Block STS–1 Frame Format
  • 26. SONET: STS–1 Building Block STS–1 Frame Elements
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  • 28. SONET: STS–1 Building Block
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