Climate is changing, Food and Agriculture must too..

1. WORLD FOOD DAY
Climate is changing,
Food and agriculture must too
Malik Tariq Sarwar Awan, Food Technologist,
Chairman Research Wing to Pakistan Flour
Mills Association,
Editor, Wheat Milling News, PFMA .
Member Pakistan Society of Food Scientists
and Technologists
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3. Damages by Malnutrition
• Poor nutrition causes 45% of all deaths of
children under the age of five. About 5
million deaths under 5 every year due to
Malnutrition related causes and diseases.
• Around 3.1 million children die every year
from purely Malnutrition.
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4. Children damage
• Vitamin A deficiency affects 140 million
children and is the leading cause of child
blindness across developing countries.
• Some 20 million children are born mentally
impaired because their mothers had an
iodine deficiency during pregnancy.
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5. Hunger
• Some 795 million people in the
world do not have enough food
to lead a healthy active life. and
Around 780 million of those
people live in developing
regions.
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6. Hungry Schooling
• Sixty-six million primary
school-age children attend
classes hungry across the
developing world, with 23
million in Africa alone.
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7. Enough Food we have
• The world produces enough food
to feed all 7 billion people, but
due to uneven distribution
around 1 billion remain
undernourished and 2 billion
suffer from hidden hunger.
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8. Where the Hunger is Worst ?
• Asia have 525.6 million Hungry People.
• Sub-Saharan Africa 214 Million Hungry
People.
• Latin America and Caribbean 37 million
Hungry People.
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9. Woman
• 60 % of the World’s Hungry are woman.
• 50 % of the World pregnant woman in
developing countries lack proper maternal
care resulting in 3,15,000 deaths every year.
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10. Children
• Every 10 seconds a child dies from hunger
related diseases.
• 22,000 children die every day due to
conditions of poverty and improper care and
facilities.
• Each day nearly 1,000 children die due to
Preventable water and sanitation related
diarrheal diseases.
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11. What Poor gets ?
• About 896 million people in developing
countries live on US $ 1.90 a day or less.
• 50 % of the Hungry people globally are from
farming families.
• 663 million people lack access to clean water.
• 2.4 billion people don’t have adequate
sanitation.
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12. Food Wasted Globally
• 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted every year,
This amounts to US$1 trillion dollars of
wasted or lost food as the World food
production for human consumption is 3.9
billion tons.
• Just one quarter of all wasted food could
feed the 795 million undernourished people
around the world who suffer from hunger
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13. Stop Wastage
• Food waste in rich countries (222
million tons) is approximately
equivalent to all of the food
produced in Sub-Saharan Africa
(230 million tons).
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14. Poor deserves Food…..
• A European or North American consumer
wastes almost 100 kilograms of food
annually, which is more than his or her
weight (70 kilograms) or A European or North
American consumer wastes 15 times more
food than a typical African consumer
• Food waste in Europe alone could feed 200
million hungry people
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15. Global Warming by Food Wasted
• Food waste generates 3.3
billion tons of carbon dioxide,
which accelerates global
climate change
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16. Waste
• Food losses and waste amounts to roughly
US$ 680 billion in industrialized countries and
US$ 310 billion in developing countries.
• Industrialized and developing countries
dissipate roughly the same quantities of food
— respectively 670 and 630 million tones.
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17. % Losses
• Global quantitative food losses and
waste per year are roughly
• 30% for cereals,
• 40-50% for root crops and fruits and
vegetables,
• 20% for oil seeds, meat and dairy
• 35% for fish.
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18. Value
• The amount of food lost or wasted every year
is equivalent to more than half of the world's
annual cereals crop (2.3 billion tons )
• Per capita waste by consumers is between
95-115 kg a year in Europe and North
America, while consumers in sub-Saharan
Africa, south and south-eastern Asia, each
throw away only 6-11 kg a year.
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19. New Entrants
•Worldwide, there will be
219,000 more mouths to
feed tonight than last
night. Many will have to go
without eating.
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20. MDG
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21. How our world can improve
• better harvesting,
• storage,
• packing,
• transport,
• infrastructure,
• market mechanisms,
• as well as institutional and legal frameworks.
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22. Pakistan Scenario
• Out of 80 million hectare (Mha) geographical
area of Pakistan,
• 22 Mha are cultivated.
• Being arid to semi arid area, about 75% of
cultivated area is irrigated while the rest is
rain-fed.
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23. Deficiencies
• field-scale deficiencies of zinc (Zn) boron (B) and
iron (Fe)
• The most widespread deficiency is of Zn, as 70 %
of the soils of Pakistan are Zn deficient and
observed in rice, wheat, cotton, maize,
sunflower, sugarcane, brassica, potato and in
many other crops along with citrus and
deciduous fruits.
• Boron deficiency is another major Nutritional
disorder which severely affects rice, cotton,
wheat, sugar beet, peanut, citrus and Deciduous
fruits.
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24. Deficiencies
• The third field-scale disorder is Fe which has
been exhibited in peanut, Chickpea, cotton,
citrus.
• Copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn)
deficiencies are also observed.
• The mineral elements like Zn, Fe and Cu are
as crucial for human health as organic
compounds such as carbohydrates, fats,
protein and vitamins.
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25. DAILY INTAKE FOR YOUNG ADULTS
• The daily dietary intake of young adult ranges
from
• Fe 10-60 mg,
• Cu 2-3 mg for,
• Zn 15 mg for.
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26. MICRO NUTRIENT ELEVATION IN
FOODS
• The contents of micronutrients in food can be
elevated either by
• supplementation,
• fortification or
• By agricultural strategies i.e., biofortification
and application of micronutrients containing
fertilizers.
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27. MACRO & TRACE ELEMENTS
TOTAL 16 elements,
9 essential elements have been classified as “macro
nutrients” as these are required in relatively large amount.
Remaining are called trace elements, Essential trace
elements are often called “micro nutrients” because they
are required in small, but in critical concentrations by living
organisms.
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28. elements essential
• The elements essential are
C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, B, Mn,
Mo, Zn, Cl.
• Out of these 16 elements, 9 essential elements
have been classified as “macronutrients” as
these are required in relatively large amount .
These
elements include C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S.
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29. trace elements
The remaining of the elements
B,
Cu,
Fe,
Mn,
Mo
Zn are called “trace elements”
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30. Use of fertilizers
• Unfortunately, fertilizer application
practice in Pakistan is
predominantly in favor of nitrogen
(N) and phosphorus (P) only,
whereas potassium (K) use is limited
to a few high K requiring crops like
sugarcane and potatoes.
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31. FACTORS AFFECTING MICRONUTRIENT BIOAVAILABILITY
Bioavailability of all metallic
micronutrients is significantly affected by
soil pH, decreasing with increasing soil pH.
Solubility of Fe decreases a thousand fold
for each unit increase in soil pH in range 4
to 9.
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32. Biofortification of Staple Crops,
A Solution to Combat Malnutrition
• Biofortification is the process by which the nutritional
quality of food crops is improved through agronomic
practices, conventional plant breeding, or modern
biotechnology.
• BIOFORTIFICATION PROJECTS INCLUDE:
• Iron-biofortification of rice, beans, sweet potato,
cassava and legumes;
• Zinc-biofortification of wheat, rice, beans, sweet
potato and maize;
• Provitamin A carotenoid-biofortification of sweet
potato, maize and cassava; and
• Amino acid and protein-biofortification of sourghum
and cassava.
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33. ESTIMATES
• according to an estimate,
• over 60% of the world’s people are iron
deficient,
• over 30% are deficient in zinc,
• 30% are deficient in iodine, and
• about 15% lack sufficient selenium in their
systems.
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34. ZINC DEFICIENCY results in:
• Zinc deficiency
• Impairments to physical growth,
• The immune system
• Learning ability,
• An increased risk of infections,
• Damage to a person’s DNA
• Development of cancer.
• Pakistan is among countries whose populations
are at a 75% risk of zinc deficiency.
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35. Iodine deficiency gives rise to
• Goitre and Cretinism, which results in
retardation in physiological development and
other health problems.
• Iodine deficiency in many parts of the world
has been compensated to some extent by the
introduction of salt fortified with iodine
including PAKISTAN.
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36. Iron deficiency
• Iron is needed to
• form hemoglobin,
• as anemia is a common disease in
underdeveloped or developing countries of
South East Asia – including Pakistan – where
humans do not consume enough of it.
• The absorption of iron is very low in the body
– normally 5-10% of ingested iron is actually
absorbed – so it requires substantial intake.
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37. Improvement in last 20 years
• In past twenty Years children dying under age
of 5 are cut to half, it means more than ten
thousand children saved every day.
• Extreme poverty rates are cut to half.
• In MDG 40 countries have already achieved
First target, to have the population of people
less affected by hunger.
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38. Great Success
• 10 countries have achieved greatest success in
reducing the Total no. of Hungry people.
• Armenia
• Azerbaijan
• Brazil
• Cuba
• Georgia
• Ghana
• Kuwait
• Saint Vincent
• Thailand
• Venezuella
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39. Cost of Global Economy
• The cost of Global Economy because of
Malnutrition is Equivalent to 3.5 trillion $.
• Poor Nutrition causes half of World’s Deaths.
• Hunger Kills more people every year than
AIDS, Malaria, and TB combined
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40. WORK TOETHER
These events promote worldwide awareness and
action for those who suffer from hunger and for
the need to ensure food security and nutritious
diets for all.
World Food Day is also an important opportunity
to send a strong message to the public: we can
end hunger in this lifetime and become the Zero
Hunger Generation, but everyone needs to work
together to achieve this goal.
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41. PAKISTAN NEEDS ???
• Nations needs Agrarians Specially Food
Scientists, Technologists and Nutritionists.
• Nation Needs INDUSTRY , ACADEMIA &
RESEARCHERS to work together.
• GCU signs MOU with Pakistan Flour Mills
Association and PVMA next week.
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42. Nation Needs you all
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43. THANK YOU
WE ALL DO SOMETHING FOR
PAKISTAN,
WE ALL DO SOME THING FOR
THIS WORLD WITH UNEVEN
DISTRIBUTUION OF FOOD
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