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Summers imeko 2011
1. Progress on Measurement in
Biology & Medicine:
Multiscale Systems Engineering
Ron Summers
Dept Electronic & Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, UK
R.Summers@lboro.ac.uk
http://www-staff.lboro.ac.uk/~lsrs1
2. Outline
• Introduction to the Team
• Multiscale Modelling
Anatomic Level of Analysis
Cellular Level of Analysis
Protein Level of Analysis
Genome Level of Analysis
• Future Work
5. Engineering Dimension
“…multiscale modelling is the field of solving
physical problems which have important
features at multiple scales, particularly
multiple spatial and (or) temporal scales”.
Wikipedia, accessed 2010
6. Scales of Measurement
Hunter P, Robbins P, Noble D (2002)
The IUPS human physiome project.
Eur J Physiol 445 1-9
7. Medical Dimension
• Why is it important to better understand
congenital heart defects ?
• What is the Tetralogy of Fallot from an
anatomical standpoint ?
• Which embryological processes are
involved in the formation of the Tetralogy
of Fallot ?
8. Why is it important to know more about the congenital
heart defect and particularly about the Tetralogy of Fallot ?
The prevalence of congenital heart defects,
the most common congenital anomaly
observed in newborns, has been reported to
be 5-10 per 1000 births
10% of the childhood mortality
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common form
of cyanotic congenital heart disease.
It affects 9%-15% of all infants and children
with congenital heart disease (CHD) which
represents 55%-70% of all cyanotic
congenital malformations
We need to improve our knowledge about
this abnormality
12. Tetralogy of Fallot
desaturation
Pulmonary Stenosis
Ventricular Septal Defect by
malalignment
Dextroposition of the Aorta
(aortic overriding)
Right ventricular hypertrophy
20. In vitro EMT
Wildtype Notch1 BMP2
L. Luna-zurita et al. “Integration of a Notch-dependent mesenchymal gene
program and Bmp2-driven cell invasiveness regulates murine cardiac
valve formation,” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 120, 2010.
30. A lot of work remains…
• Information Issues
• Scale-linking
• Biological Networks
• Methodological Issues
• Multiscale Model Process
• Multiscale Model Validation
• Multiscale Visualization
• Software Issues
• Multiscale Software Programming
• Patho-physiological Issues
• Anatomic Definition of Tetralogy of Fallot
32. Biophotonics Imaging System
Optical Physiological Tomography: Concepts
Electronic sub system
ency W
High USB
Frequ Hz (4
00 avel
6–9 – 9 en
00 gth
nm
)
Oxygen level
Oxygen level
Micro-
Micro-
O2%
electronics
Fast
digital
Low
Camera
Multi-
Multi-
wavelength
illuminator
Photonics sub system
Comprises biomedical photonics, microelectronics engineering,
systems engineering, applied signal and image processing, and
multiscale modelling/simulation