On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
Chapter 7 Acid & Bases part 1
1.
2. At the end of this lesson, students are able to:
• State the meaning of acid, base and alkali.
• State uses of acids, bases and alkalis in daily
life.
• Explain the role of water in the formation of
hydrogen ions to show the properties of acids.
• Explain the role of water in the formation of
hydroxide ions to show the properties of alkalis.
• Describe chemical properties of acids and
alkalis.
3.
4.
5. Arrhenius’ definition:
ACID BASE ALKALI
Chemical Chemical Bases that can
dissolve in water to
compound that compound that
produces
ionises to produce can neutralise an
hydroxide ion, OH-
H+ or H3O+ in acid to form salt
water. and water.
H2O H2O
Ex: HCl H+ + Cl- Base + acidsalt + Ex: NaOH (s) Na+
water + OH-
Ex:
MgO, ZnO, NaOH,
KOH
6. The properties of acid is due to the presence
Of hydrogen ions, H+ (aq)
H2O
Acid H+
Without water, acid will not behave as an
acid.
7. The properties of alkali is due to the presence
Of hydroxide ions, OH- .
H2O
Alkali OH-
Without water, alkali will not behave as an
alkali.
8. ACID ALKALI
• Sour taste • Bitter taste
• pH < 7 • pH > 7
• Turn blue litmus • Turn red litmus
paper to red paper to blue
• React with bases to • React with bases to
form salt & water form salt & water
9. Salt & Hydrogen
gas Salt & water
With With
metal ACID base
Ex: H2SO4 + Zn Ex: HCl + NaOH
ZnSO4 + H2 NaCl + H2O
With metal
carbonates
Salt, carbon dioxide gas & water
Ex: 2HCl + CaCO3 CaCl2 + CO2 +
H2O
10. Metal hydroxide
Salt & water
With With
Ex: Fe3+ + 3OH- metal ALKALI
Fe(OH)3
acid Ex: HCl + NaOH
ion
(precipitate)
NaCl + H2O
Heat with
ammonium
salt
Ammonia gas, water and salt
Ex: NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
14. MgOH: neutralises
acids Uses Of Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2 : alkali
Alkali neutralise excess acid in
our stomach
NaOH
NH3 solution
15. To make Fertilizers, to keep
latex in liquid form, as a sink
cleaning agent.
To make soap, detergents.
To make toothpaste, gastric
pills (antacids).
16. 7.1 : ASIDS AND BASES
The following is some information on magnesium
hydroxide:
Magnesium hydroxide is one of the ingredients found in
toothpaste and potassium hydroxide is used as the
electroyte in alkaline batteries. Magnesium hydroxide is a
base and potassium hydroxide is an alkaline.
a) What is base?
b) How is alkali different from a base?
c) State three physical properties of an alkali.
d) Write a balanced chemical equation to show the
reaction between hydrochloric acid and
magnesium hydroxide.
17. What is base?
A base is a substance that react with an acid to form salt
and water only.
How is alkali different from a base?
An alkali is a soluble base that forms a solution when
dissolved in water and ionises to produce hydroxide ions.
State three physical properties of an alkali.
Alkali is bitter.
Slippery.
Turn red litmus paper blue.
Write a balanced chemical equation to show the reaction
between hydrochloric acid and magnesium hydroxide.
Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)