The document summarizes key challenges for disaster policy and legislation in Indonesia in 2016 based on recent trends and frameworks. It notes that the number and impacts of disasters have increased greatly in recent decades. Several new frameworks like the Sendai Framework and Sustainable Development Goals set ambitious targets but will require significant resources, capacity building, and risk reduction efforts. Indonesia faces challenges in strengthening disaster governance, directing more resources to local levels, fostering partnerships, and reviewing key legislation to enhance effectiveness in building resilience as mandated by the country's vision. The 2015 fires highlighted gaps in preparedness, resource mobilization, and efforts to address health and other impacts.

1. Disaster Outlook 2016:
Policy and Legislation Challenges
Syamsul Ardiansyah
Dompet Dhuafa - National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction
http://planasprb.net
syamsul@dompetdhuafa.org

2. 2015: a year of transition
• As July 2015, an estimated 114 million people in assessed countries were in need of humanitarian
assistance, compared to 40 million just over ten years ago…
• “Leaving No One Behind: Humanitarian Effectiveness in the Age of Sustainable Development Goals” – OCHA Policy and Studies Series.
• The world today spend around $25 billion to provide life saving assistance to 125 million people
devastated by war and natural disaster, it is twelve time greater than fifteen years ago. Despite
generosity of donors, there are funding gaps estimated $15 billion.
─ “Too important to fail—addressing the humanitarian financial gaps”: High Level Panel on Humanitarian Financing (January 2016)
• Asia and the Pacific is the world’s most disaster prone region.
• Over the period 2005-2014, the region had 1,625 reported disaster events – over 40% of the global total;
• Approximately 500,000 people lost their lives, and around 1.4 billion people were affected or of the world
totals, the region accounted for 60 per cent of deaths and 80 per cent of those affected.
• At the same time there was vast economic damage – $523 billion worth – accounting for 45 percent of global
damage.
• Over the period 2005-2014 the most disaster prone sub-region was South-East Asia, with 512 events and
177,000 deaths – three per 100,000 people
─ Asia Pacific Disaster Report 2015: Disaster Without Borders

3. Agenda
2030
Sendai
Framework for
DRR
Sustainable
Development
Goals
Paris
Agreement
17 Goals that—compare to 8 MDGs—
has more ambitious target (from
“halfing” to “zero”); goes beyond the
symptoms of poverty to issue of
peace, stability, human rights, and
good governance;
Who will be funded the process?
7 targets; 13 Guiding
principles; 4 priority of
actions; 91 activities at
National-Local and Global-
Regional level.
Finance, Technology
transfer, and princip
“CBDR&RC”
Limiting global temperature increase
below 2 degrees C, making nationally
determined contribution as legally
binding, and extending global
commitment to $100 billion per
years in 2020.
Principle “CBDR” vs Applicable to all
• AADMER Work Plan 3.0
• Asia Pacific Regional Plan on
SFDRR

4. Decreased
disaster risk
index in the high
risk centers of
growth
Internalization of
disaster risk
reduction in the
national and local
level development
framework.
Decrease
vulnerability to
disaster
Increase capacity
of Government,
Local
Government, and
Community in
Disaster
Management
7
Disaster Management is not only about life saving activities,
but as an investment to secure all development’s gain.
To achieve economic
independence by moving
the strategic sectors to
domestic economy.

5. 2004-09: Building
Commitments
DM Law 24/2007; PP 21, 22,
23/2008, Perpres 8/2008; BNPB,
BPBD, and National Platform
2010-14: Basic
Foundation
5th AMCDRR Yogyakarta ; Renas
PB, RAN PRB, MP12; Funding
from Rp.150 M to Rp.5T (up
3.300%)
2015-19: Enhance
Effectiveness
Review UU
24/2007;
Penguatan
Kapasitas Personil
PB yang
Professional dan
ahli ; World Class
Training Center;
DRR Knowledge
Center
Supermarket of
Disaster
Laboratorium of
Disaster
Center of Knowledge
Management
Source: BNPB

6. Reality check

7. Disaster Risk Governance has been developed
Policy and
Regulation
• Law No. 24 year
2007
• Government
Regulation No.
21, 22, and 23
year 2008.
• Regulations of the
Chief of BNPB
• Local Regulation
on Disaster
Management at
Provincial and
District/City Level
Institutions
• BNPB established
in 2008
• BPBD at Provincial
and District Level
Planning
• National Disaster
Management Plan
• DRR Action Plan
• Local DM Plan
• Master Plan of 12
hazards
Finance
• National Budget
for DM has been
increased.
Multistakeholder
Collaboration
• National and
Local Platform of
DRR
• Active role of
CSOs in DRR
• Establishment of
cluster
coordination
system

8. 0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
Environmental and
nat-res management
social and economic
development
practices
Risk reduction on
economic activities
Settlement and
building code
post disaster
recovery
risk impact
procedure on
infrastructure
Priority 4: Reducing Underlying Risk
Factors
2007-09 2009-11 2011-13 2013-15
Indonesia Progress on DRR
According to HFA 2005-2015
Priority for Action 2007-09 2009-11 2011-13 2013-15
1 Policy and Institution 3.25 3.5 3.5 3.5
2. Understanding Risk and EWS 3 4 3.75 4
3 Use of knowledge and education 2.5 3 4 4
4 Reducing underlying risk factors 3.16 3.5 3.33 3.33
5 Preparedness 3.25 2.75 3.5 3.5
Average 3.03 3.35 3.61 3.66
HFA report was basically saying that “Institutional commitment
attained, but achievement are neither comprehensive nor substantial”
Avr: 2.5

9. Disaster Trend in Indonesia 2002-2015
Update: 14-12-2015
Source: BNPB
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Tsunami Gempabumi dan Tsunami Gempabumi
Letusan Gunungapi Gelombang Pasang / Abrasi Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan
Kekeringan Banjir dan Tanah Longsor Tanah Longsor
Puting Beliung Banjir
1.58
2
1.967
1.941
1.63
3
1.811
1.674
143
403
775
599
740
81
6
1.07
3
1.246
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Disaster Events, Fatality, and Affected
People in 2015
Number of Events Fatality Affected
Of 1.582 disaster event in 2015, 240 people were
loss their life; 1.18 million displaced, 24.365
houses damaged, 484 public facility also
damaged.
More-than 95% of it was caused by hydro-
meteorological hazards and human-induced
disaster, dominated by extreme weather,
landslide, and floods. Landslide still be the most
deadly type of disaster.

10. Central Java 363 4.6
East Java 291 4.7
West Java 209 4.2
West Sumatra 93
Aceh 85
13.5 of 28
million
people in absolute
poverty live in 3 most
prone provinces in
Indonesia
Java Region
58.3%
Sumatra
Region
22.31%
80.66%
of the GDP
contributed by
two most
hazardous places
in Indonesia
Five Provinces Most Affected by Disaster in 2015
Years 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Gini Ratio 0.35 0.35 0.37 0.38 0.41 0.41 0.41
Data: BNPB, BPS

11. 0 5E+12 1E+13 1,5E+13
Pre-Disaster
During Disaster
Post Disaster
2015 Budget Alocated
Rp 19
trillion
Budget for DM in
2015
Rp 15 trillion
spread over
28 Ministries
/ Agencies
Rp 1.68
trillion in DIPA
BNPB while
Rp 13.32
trillion in DIPA
27 K / L.
Rp 4 trillion
Reserve Fund
for Disaster
Management
in the Ministry
of FinanceRp 2.5 trillion
for emergency
handling and
Rp 1.5 trillion
for the disaster.
2015 National Budget Allocation
on Disaster Management
An average of only 0.02-0.07% of the
total budget annually allocated for
disaster management in the region.

12. Lesson learnt from the 2015
Forest and Peatland Fires
• 24 people died, more than 600,000 people
suffer from respiratory infection; More than 60
million people are exposed to the haze..
• 2.61 million hectares of forest were burned
(compare to 1997 = 9.2 million hectares);
• Economic losses of Rp 221 trillion. It's beyond
the health sector and education (1997 loss of Rp
60 trillion) or 1.5% of Gross Domestic Product.
Losses germplasm, carbon and other emissions.
• BNPB spent Rp 720 billion; these costs outside
of the funds expended by KLHK, Ministry of
Public Works, Ministry of Health, and other
stakeholders.

13. • Most of the fires were actually happened in
peatland and create worst haze.
• Around 89% fires outside of protected areas
and 51% outside of concessions.

14. What was lacking?
• Almost no systematic and directed effort
to control the fires.
• Resources that were mobilized to
extinguish the fire is not comparable with
the area that has to be covered.
• Efforts to address the impact seems to be
inadequate and not focused, especially in
the aspect of health for vulnerable groups.
• Government, especially local government,
did not have proper scenarios to
anticipate disruption caused by haze in
order to maintain the continuity of basic
public services, particularly in education.

15. Our
Challenges!
• NAWACITA Demands Greater Impact — Inline with SFDRR, NAWACITA has
stressed that disaster management policy will no longer limited as life saving
activities but now it become an investment to build resilience.
• By referring to HFA report, risk reduction in economic activities should be focused
and become the first priorities of disaster management development policies in
Indonesia. Leaderships and strong institutional arrangement will be required,
since disaster management should not only reduce the risk but also prevent the
creation of new risk.
• Policy innovation. In addition to the progress that has been achieved at the
national level, Indonesia still faces challenges in the disaster risk governance at the
local level. It needs creativity and policy innovations to encourage equitable
resources distribution.
• Partnership and mutual accountability. Multi-stakeholder collaboration—utilizing
national and local DRR platform, partnership with private sectors, philanthropic
institutions, faith-based organization, community/people based organization—can
play an important role in order to close the gap of resources and capacity at the
local level.
• In the context of national disaster management policy all above shall be started by
reviewing and improving our basic foundation of disaster risk governance in
Indonesia. It is time to review the Law No. 24 year 2007 on Disaster Management.

16. Terima kasih
Syamsul Ardiansyah
National Platform of Disaster Risk Reduction
Jln. KH Wahid Hasyim No. 2 Jakarta Pusat
20340. Phone +62-21-3928755, 3151869
www.planasprb.net
E-mail: syamsuladzic@gmail.com,
syamsul@dompetdhuafa.org