Explains roles of battery storage on the grid. Concepts like Peak shaving, frequency regulation, renewables time-shift, chp integration, etc. have been briefly touched upon. Energy Storage Technologies overview is covered as well.

1. Grid Level Battery Storage:
Applications and Grid Integration Explained
By,
Swapnil Gore
Distributed Generation & Energy
Efficiency Professional
Email: swapnil.energy9@gmail.com
Last update: 01/01/2016

2. AGENDA
 Why is energy storage important to an electric utility?
 Types of storage
 Status – Global & the US
 Technology Mapping
 Applications explained
 Peak curtailment effectiveness
 Deployment options on Long Island, NY

3. Significance
Utility Scale
Community
Scale
Bulk Storage
 Benefits across the electricity value chain: Generation to T&D to End Users
 Primary drivers:
• Develop a robust and resilient electricity delivery system
• Enable & Enhance renewable energy integration
• Mitigate Infrastructure investment

4. Major Energy Storage
Technologies
Mechanical
Pumped
Hydro
Compressed Air
Energy Storage
(CAES)
Flywheels
Electrochemical
Lead Acid
Batteries
Nickel
Cadmium
(NiCad)
Lithium-ion
(Li-ion)
Sodium Sulfur
(NaS)
Flow Batteries
(VRB, ZnBr)
Energy Storage Technologies - Overview
 Electricity is stored by converting it into another form; common forms include chemical energy (batteries), kinetic
energy (flywheels or compressed air), gravitational potential energy (pumped hydroelectric), and energy in the form
of electrical (capacitors) and magnetic fields
 Battery storage technologies serve multiple applications over the grid cycle, from energy management, back-up, to
grid stabilization; a prominent application is enhancing renewable energy integration
 Grid implementation of a technology is based on its power (kW) and energy (kWh) discharge characteristics
 Current industry focus for technology development : improving operating capabilities, cost-effectiveness and grid
integration
Source: OECD/IEA,2014

5. Energy Storage Technologies - Overview
 Electricity is stored by converting it into another form; common forms include chemical energy (batteries), kinetic
energy (flywheels or compressed air), gravitational potential energy (pumped hydroelectric), and energy in the form
of electrical (capacitors) and magnetic fields
 Battery storage technologies serve multiple applications over the grid cycle, from energy management, back-up, to
grid stabilization; a prominent application is enhancing renewable energy integration
 Grid implementation of a technology is based on its power (kW) and energy (kWh) discharge characteristics
 Current industry focus for technology development : improving operating capabilities, cost-effectiveness and grid
integration
Source: OECD/IEA,2014

6. Technology mapping

7. US & Worldwide Deployment
Pumped Hydro
95%, 23.4 GW
Battery
26%, 304 MW
Compressed
Air
35%, 423 MW
Flywheel
3%, 40 MW
Thermal
Storage
36%, 431 MW
Other
1.2 GW
Energy Storage in the US (Includes Announced)
Thermal
Storage
13%, 153
Compressed air
35%, 400
Flywheel
3%, 40
Battery
49%, 556
Worldwide Energy Storage (MW), excluding PHS
NiCd
5%, 26
NaS
57%, 316
Li-ion
49%, 50
Flow Battery
16%, 89
Lead Acid
13%, 75
Worldwide Battery Storage (MW)
Total = 1149 MW Total = 556 MW
Source: DoE (2013)
Source: Pike Research (2012)

8. Current status:
Total: 90 Operational: 55 Planned: 35
Available at energystorageexchange.org

9. Applications by Category
•Electric Energy Time-Shift
(Arbitrage)
•Electric Supply Capacity
•Renewable Integration
Electric Supply
•Regulation
•Spinning & Non-
Spinning reserve
•Voltage Support
•Black Start
•Load Following
Grid
Operations
•Transmission Upgrade
Deferral
•Transmission Congestion
Relief
Transmission
Infrastructure
•Distribution Upgrade
Deferral
•Voltage Support
Distribution
Infrastructure
•Power Quality
•Retail Electric Energy
Time-Shift
•Power Reliability
•Demand Charge
Management
End User

10. Daily Load LevelingDaily Peak Shaving
Applications: Explained
Storage for Electric
Supply Capacity

11. Frequency response
Frequency response is very similar to regulation, except it reacts to system needs in even shorter time periods of
less than a minute to seconds when there is a sudden loss of a generation unit or a transmission line.

12. Applications: Explained
Regulation Control and Load Following

13. Applications: Explained

14.  Long-duration Applications: That require sufficient storage capacity to accommodate prolonged discharges
(generally one or more hours); these can be thought of as energy applications
 Short-duration applications: That require ability to charge or discharge quickly (generally a few seconds to several
minutes), and can be thought of as power applications
StorageTime(min)
Power requirement (MW)
Technical characteristics of
key applications
Applications: Explained
5 MW, 300 min
Battery Storage

15. Applications: Storage Functions - Value -
Operational Benefits
Source: EPRI

16. Peak Curtailment Effectiveness
CRS report for congress, Nov 2008

17.  Long Island, NY Summer peak (07/18/2013 vs 09/02/2014) ~5800 MW
 LIPA Edge Program implemented by PSEG Long Island had successful load curtailment on peak days
Deployment Options

18.  Battery storage can be deployed in conjunction with distributed energy (CHP, solar PV, etc.) integration,
HVAC, and grid resiliency
o For CHP, it can help meet the peak loads for customers and run the system with high capacity factors
 Proposed action plan by the utility:
Install a 5 MW Solar PV generation plant with grid scale Battery Storage system
Deployment options for Long Island
Renewables time shifting
Application
Example

19. Renewables Time-shift
Wind energy
storage time-shift
Residential load profile vs
solar generation

20. Smart Grid Integration
Source: PG&E
Electric Energy Storage within the Electric Enterprise

21. Key Performance Metrics for Storage
Technologies

22. References:
• DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA. SAND2013-5131
• Grid Energy Storage. U.S. Department of Energy Dec. 2013
• Electricity Storage in Utility Applications. EPRI Sep. 2013.
• Utility Scale Energy Storage Systems - Benefits, Applications, and Technologies. SUFG June 2013.
• Progress and Prospects Recommendations for the U.S. Department of Energy. EAC Oct. 2012
• The New York Battery and Energy Storage Technology (NY-BEST™) Consortium - http://www.ny-best.org/
• Energy Storage Association (ESA) - http://energystorage.org/
• Utility 2.0 Long Range Plan. LIPA July 2014

23. 23
Appendix I
 ConEd rebates for non utility scale storage applications

24. Appendix II
 PSEG Long Island territory has one of the highest number of Solar PV system installations when compared to
rest of the state; which indicates that people are interested in renewable and energy storage options
 For PSEG Long Island:
- 23,685 total installed projects; another 2,578 in pipeline
- 205.8 MW in total; 37.52 MW in pipeline