basic electronics

Computer Fundamentals
Chapter 1
Release 1-Sep-2010 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.

Chapter Objectives
 Explain the Computer and its applications
 Explain the Different types of computer
 Explain the Basic structure of computer
 Explain the Internal components of a computer

Computer
 Computer is an electronic device that receives data,
processes the data according to the set of
instructions, stores data and gives the desired output.
 Computer is used to perform various mathematical
calculations and financial transactions quickly
 We can also use the computer for entertainment,
such as watching movies using DVDs, listening to
music using CDs and MP3s.

Types of Computer
 There are four main types of computers, namely
Microcomputers, Minicomputers, Mainframes, and
Supercomputers.

Microcomputer
 Microcomputer is a digital computer that works on a
microprocessor. It is also known as personal computer
 The microcomputer is also widely used for entertainment
purpose as well as playing games, listening music, and
watch movies.
 The Microcomputer is also widely used to access the
Internet
 Benefits of Microcomputers are:
 Small Size
 Low Cost
 Portable

Minicomputer
 Minicomputer is a midsized multiprocessing and
multi-user computer
 The minicomputer is a medium range computer
 Examples of minicomputer are Open Mini Pc, Fit-PC,
MSI Mini PC etc
 It is used in business organizations for the
maintenance of accounts and financial data and
applications.

Mainframe
 Mainframes computers are used to serve as the
center of large systems in companies
 Mainframe computers are also known as enterprise
servers
 Mainframes are very large and expensive computers
 Example of Mainframe computers is IBM System z10
Mainframes.

Supercomputer
 Supercomputer is the fastest and most expensive type
of computer
 Applications that use large amounts of calculations use
supercomputers. Some of these applications are
molecular chemistry, nuclear research, weather reports,
and advanced physics
 Supercomputer can be a single or multiple computer
system
 Examples of supercomputer are Cray Jaguar, IBM
Roadrunner, IBM NORC etc.

Applications of Computer
 Applications of Computer are :
 Word Processing :- It is the most widely used
computer application which is used to create, edit
and print documents using the computer program
known as Word Processor.
 Eg. Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, and Lotus WordPro
 Spreadsheets :- it is a computer application that
represents a table consisting of cells i.e. rows and
columns.
 Eg. MS Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, Quattro Pro, and Open
office.org i.e. open calc

 Database :- It is a collection of data in an
organized manner by managing, rearranging and
adding the information.
 Eg. MS Access, Oracle, SQL Server, MySql, etc..,
 Graphics :- It is a computer application that deals
with pictures, i.e. static, moving, flat or 3D.
 Eg. Adobe Photoshop
 Web browsers :- It is a computer application used
for retrieving, presenting and traversing
information by navigating the World Wide Web.
Eg. Internet Explorer

Question for GD Time Limit – 5mins
 What are the different types of computers and
what are their applications?

Basic structure of Computer
 The Basic structure of a computer includes various
units such as
 Input Device
 Output Device
 Storage Device
 Processing Device

 Input device:- It is the computer unit that sends
data and set of instructions to the computer
system. The most commonly used input devices
are keyboard, mouse and scanner.
 Output device:- A device that is used to display
or produce output is known as output device.
Many devices are used to display the output such
as monitors and printers
 Storage device:- It stores the data of the
computers. Many devices are used to store data
such as disk floppy disks, pen drives, external
hard disks etc.

 Processing device :- The main function of the
computer is to process data. The processing
device of the computer is the processor commonly
known as Central Processing Unit (CPU). The
processor comprises of two units ALU and CU
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit:- It performs operations
like addition, multiplication, division, comparison of the
numbers.
 Control Unit:- Control unit controls the other units

 What is the basic structure of computer?

Internal components of PC - I
 The internal components of a PC include
 CPU :- It is termed as the brain
 of the Computer. The two distinct
 Components of a CPU are Arithmetic
 Logic Unit that carries out the logical
 and arithmetic operations and the Control
 Unit that decodes and performs the instructions
 extracted from the memory,

Internal components of PC - II
 Motherboard:- It is most
important component of a system. It
contains interface for the
microprocessor, memory and storage
devices.
 RAM:- It is semiconductor-based
memory where the CPU or the other
hardware devices can read /write the
data Its store data temporarily. It is
also known as volatile memory.

Internal components of PC - III
 Storage devices:- it is a long-term
memory such as hard disk that
stores all the content of the system
permanently.
 Power supply :- it is a device that
transfers electrical energy from the
Source to the load using electronic
Circuits. It accepts the AC power
from the socket and converts it to
DC power for the system.

 What are the internal components of a
computer?

Summary - I
 The Computer is an electronic machine that accepts
data, processes it on the basis of some instructions
and produces an output
 The different types of computers are Microcomputers,
Minicomputers, Mainframes and Supercomputers
 Applications of Computer consists Word Processing,
Spreadsheets, Database, Graphics, Web browsers,
Games etc

Summary II
 The basic structure of a PC includes various units
such as data input, storage, data processing and
output
 The internal components of a PC include CPU,
Motherboard, RAM, Storage devices and Power
supply to perform various functions.

Mind Map
 Draw a mind map to summarize this chapter

basic electronics

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