2. Content
• Introduction
• What is falling fertility?
• History of fertility
• Records around the world
• Reasons behind falling fertility
• what is concern people about falling fertility?
• Solutions
3. Introudction
• as we know that Growing birth rates are very
important for a nation for a number of reasons such
as greater financial security
• And the Low fertility will affect the economy in bad
way but itself is not as bad as falling fertility can be.
• what is falling fertility?
huge decrease in the ratio of live births in an area
to the population of that area.
4. History of fertility
• Around the turn of 20th century, the fertility rate in
the United States was over three. The rate then
dropped precipitously following the Great Depression
• Based on this data, it seems obvious that the number
of births in the U.S. is tied to the success of the
economy. because the economy plays an important
role. But a more nuanced explanation is also required.
7. Record around the world
• America's total fertility rate is around 1.9 babies
per woman.
• Some parts of the world are far below 2.1 and
may see steep population declines in the future,
including China, Japan, Germany, Ukraine and
others. The range worldwide is large,: from
Niger's 6.89 down to Singapore's 0.8, based on
2014 estimates. At both ends, there are potential
benefits and worries
8. Reasons behind falling fertility
• The declines are partially due to
• 1-contraception: which was a mechanism that
facilitated the underlying causes.
• 2- changing value.
A generation ago , with the average woman
producing almost four children in 1960 and nearly
three as late as 1975-1976. There was, “no
divorce, no contraception allowed.” By the 1980s
many things changed.
9. Reasons behind falling fertility
3-the emancipation of women and their
increasing participation in the labour force.
4-More Access to Education
One of the major factors in dictating how many
children a woman is likely to have is how
educated that woman is.
10. Reasons behind falling fertility
5-The instability of many partnerships was also
a factor.
Upstream of these factors were economic pressures,
industrialization and urbanization. Changing
labour markets are demanding increasingly
educated and skilled workers, so the cost to
parents of raising and educating numerous
children becomes prohibitive
11. Reasons behind falling fertility
6- Having Children Later
Most of the women having children whene they are
older, in the age groups of 30-34, 35-39, and even
40-44. On the other hand, women in the age
bracket spanning 20-24 saw their number of
births continue to decline.
12. What is concern people about fertility ?
• It's the change that creates the shock. That's what
concerns people.
• Gradually declining population sizes might be ideal
for the environment and stability,. Gradually
growing populations, on the other hand, might also
be good if they generate dynamism and economic
growth
• It's a concern in real time for some countries like
Europe and East Asia, now experiencing quite low
fertility rates, they may soon see their labor forces
shrink.
13. Solutions
• In Japan nearly $30 million has been designated for
encouraging marrige.
• In Russia, the government directly gives couples
up to $12,500 for having a second child or adopting.
• Many European countries meanwhile, focus on
benefits after the baby is born, providing lavish
maternity leave or child care.
• The United Sates provides minor tax breaks to
women having children.
14. Conclusion
• Still, as of right now, the issue remains
unresolved and a remedy is unclear. Even with
birth rates recently back on the rise, in the future
the concerns may change from the number of
mouths to feed to whether or not we even have
enough people to help feed them.
tha main q is What will happen in 50 or 100
years if Very low fertility rates continue???
17. Refrences :
• Caldwell, John Charles . Theory of fertility decline
• http://lawstreetmedia.com/issues/health-science/falling-fertility-impact-
declining-birth-rates/
• http://www.economist.com/node/14744915
• http://www.forbes.com/sites/joelkotkin/2012/05/30/whats-really-behind-
europes-decline-its-the-birth-rates-stupid/
