Anaesthesia in hospitals

1. ANAESTHESIA…

2. INTRO..
• Anaesthesia enables the painless performance
of medical procedures that would not cause
severe or intolerable pain to an anaesthetized
patient.
• Three broad categories of anaesthesia exist:
1.General anesthesia
2.Sedation
3.Conduction anesthesia

3. CONTD.,
• General anaesthesia suppresses central nervous
system activity
• Sedation (or dissociative anaesthesia) a state of
calm or sleep produced by a sedative drug.
• Conduction anaesthesia, commonly known as
regional or local anaesthesia, blocks
transmission of nerve impulses to a targeted
organ

4. CONSIDERATIONS…
• Anesthetic Concentration Control
• Build Up Of Carbon Dioxide
• Consumption Of Oxygen
• Atmospheric Pollution
• Airway Control

5. InhaledAnestheticDeliverySystems
• Anesthesia Machine
• Vaporizers
• Anesthetic Breathing Circuit
• Ventilator
• Scavenging System

6. ANAESTHETICMACHINE

7. ANAESTHETICMACHINE
The anaesthetic machine is not a machine that
makes anaesthetics, but a complex collection of
equipment.
Continuous-flow Machine
Anaesthetic Vaporizers
Oxygen Mask
Suction Catheter
Syringe

8. Continuous-flowmachine
• It is used to provide a measured and continuous
supply of gases (oxygen, nitrous oxide,etc..)
• The above mentioned gases are mixed with a
required concentration of anaesthetic vapour to
the patient at a required pressure and rate.

9. Anaestheticvaporizers
It is used to vaporise the anaesthetic drugs
To provide a means for anesthetic vapor to be
combined with the carrier gas in a controlled
manner.

10. OXYGENMASK
It is used to deliver oxygen or to administer
the aerosolized or gaseous drugs.

11. SUCTIONCATHETER
• Suction catheters used to remove secretions
from the mouth, oropharynx, trachea and
bronchi.

12. syringe
Syringe is used to inject drugs; larger ones can
be used with mucus suckers.

13. ANAESTHESIAMACHINE
• It has three major components:
1.A gas mixing and delivery system.
2. An anaesthetic breathing system ( circuit) and
a ventilator.
3.An array of monitors.

14. CONTD.,
The gas mixing and delivery system:
• The anaesthetic machine is connected to a
supply of purified gases.
• These gases usually include oxygen and nitrous
oxide, and many machines also have a supply
of compressed air.
• To this gas mixture, the anaesthetist can add
one of a range of additional, more powerful
anaesthetic agents, known as inhalational
agents.

15. CONTD.,
The anaesthetic breathing system (circuit) and
ventilator
• The anaesthetist determines the flow rate of the
final mixture of gases supplied to the breathing
system.
• The ventilator is an automatic breathing device,
which takes over the rhythmic inflating and
deflating of the patient’s lungs in a programmed
manner.

16. MONITORS
• Capnometer
• Oxygen Analyzer
• Pressure Monitor With Alarms For High And
Low Airway Pressure
• Pulse Oximeter
• Respiratory Volume Monitor (i.e., Spirometer)

17. BREATHINGSYSTEM
Calibrate the O2 Monitor
• Ensure the monitor reads 21% in room air.
• Verify that the low O2 alarm is enabled and
functioning.

18. SCAVENGINGSYSTEMS
• The collection and the subsequent removal of
vented gases from the operating room
• Components
(1) the gas-collecting assembly
(2) the transfer means
(3) the scavenging interface
(4) the gas-disposal assembly tubing
(5) an active or passive gas-disposal assembly

19. CONCLUSION
 They should also be checked in between cases,
ensuring that the breathing apparatus and
breathing circuit are fully patent, for the safe
anesthesia of patients.
Major manufacturers of anesthetic machines
are General Electric (GE), Larsen & Toubro
Limited, Draeger and MAQUET.