1. Dan Eyde – St Cloud Mining
Barbara Carroll - GeoGRAFX
February 24 - 25, 2015, Vancouver, Canada

2. Watershed area mitigation of AMD and selected
heavy metals:
◦ Raise pH of drainage waters
◦ Reduce zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper in
Alum Gulch-Flux Canyon, Cox Gulch-3R
Canyon and Lead Queen Mine, SE Arizona
utilizing gabion retaining wall and footer
structures combined with zeolite material
adsorption

3. Legacy mining activity at
the top of the watershed
produces acid mine
drainage which is
incorporated in
groundwater & surface
water discharges
(tailings, tunneling, wall
rock)

4. The chemistry of
the bedrock
causes high
background AMD
as a result of
normal erosional
processes

5. Several large removal
actions and expensive
mine portal closures
implemented in the area
have had little effect on
heavy metals and AMD -
impacted loading
characteristics of several
tributaries flowing into
Sonoita Creek and
Patagonia Lake.

8. Wednesday, Oct. 15, 2014, 9:36 p.m.
TUCSON — A popular tourist attraction in southern Arizona is at risk of
being contaminated with orange and brown sludge that spilled from two
abandoned mines near the town of Patagonia.
The Trench Camp and Lead Queen mines overflowed late last month
because of heavy rainfall caused by Hurricane Odile.
The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has issued a notice of
violation to an Asarco trust that owns the Trench Camp Mine.
“We've talked to our consultants, and we're gonna do what the state requires
us to do,” Jay Steinberg, who runs the trust, said Wednesday.
A resident near Patagonia noticed the sludge at the end of September, first
at the Lead Queen Mine and later at the Trench Camp one, said Wendy
Russell, coordinator for the Patagonia Area Resource Alliance. Both
waterways lead to Sonoita Creek, which runs off into Patagonia Lake, the
site of the state park.
“This is an ongoing hazard to our community's water supply,” Russell said,
adding that Patagonia Lake State Park is a tourist attraction. “Folks fish and
swim there.”
Initial tests showed the water had unsafe levels of pH, but more will be
conducted.
The Lead Queen Mine ended operations in the 1940s. Trench Camp closed in
the 1960s.
Since then, Arizona has taken Asarco to court to get the company to invest
in cleanup efforts at its shuttered mines across the state. The parties settled
in 2009, and $2.85 million was allocated to cleaning up Trench Camp and
another mine.
Russell said not enough has been done to ensure the sites are free of any
toxic materials that could leak into the area's water supply.
“There's been minimal efforts to clean them up, and we just witnessed what
happens when they don't get cleaned up properly,” she said.
Other parts of the southern part of the state have been affected by the
hurricane that damaged the Baja California peninsula.

11. Combined
Metals
Distribution

14. Humboldt
0.100
1.000
10.000
100.000
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
pH
CombMetals(ppm)
Trench Camp
0.100
1.000
10.000
100.000
1000.000
2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
pH
CombMetals(ppm)
Worlds Fair
0.010
0.100
1.000
10.000
100.000
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
pH
CombMetals(ppm)

16. Average chemical composition of mine tailings in the Harshaw Creek Watershed
(measured in ppm). From Dean (1982, p.46)
TRENCH MINE TAILINGS
pH 2.6
SO4 41,076
Fe 6,050
Cu 43
Mn 4,621
Zn 838
As 466
Pb 3,972
Cd 20
Cr 16
Se 0
Hg 5.4
Ag 25
Al 528, 725

18. GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES
WATERSHED POSITION
Faults and
sympathetic
fractures influence
movement of water
through the system
in shallow and deep
groundwater

19. Remediation of Adit discharge:
Abiding by the Law
6/17/05

20. Load estimates calculated during base-flow conditions at Trench Camp indicate that the
discharge produces approximately 20 lbs of combined metals Cd+Co+Cu+Ni+Pb+Zn)
per month; the World’s Fair segment produces approximately 86 lbs of
combined metals (Cd+Co+Cu+Ni+Pb+Zn) per month.

21. Salt Fields-
Load Transfer
(from spring or seep to
stream reach)

27. Lower Portal
Outlet
Upper adits, shafts
And drifts Lower Portal
Outlet
Junction of Fe-rich water with
Neutral high pH stream—initial drop-
Out area of ochre precipitate
Upper adits, shafts
And drifts

28. Parking area
South Tibutary
With waste rock and
Mine workings.
Gabion-pad
array

29. Consortium partners, by direct in-
stream treatment methods, will
reduce the heavy metals loading of
zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper
and raise the pH of several AMD -
impacted tributaries flowing into
Sonoita Creek and Patagonia Lake.

30. 1. Water quality data, including
aqueous invertebrate
inventories/analysis will be
compiled and a series of WQ
samples along with an
invertebrate inventory will be
taken to characterize the current
base flow water quality conditions
prior to emplacement of in-stream
structures; geochemistry testing
and monitoring will continue
throughout the life of the project.

31. 2. Model simulations of surface flow will be
conducted, and weather stations and
Continuous Slope Area gages will be installed to
assist in establishing local precipitation and flow
response values. Peak flow values, precipitation
and stream response will be recorded during
monsoon, and will be integrated into the models
to determine parameters for gabion wall
construction.

32. 3. Laboratory column
tests will be conducted
to measure transport
parameters describing
the migration of
contaminants and acid
mine drainage through
Zeolite test media.

33. 4. A series of gabion
retainer wall structures and
stream-bed footers with
integrated zeolite materials
will be installed in
favorable areas
downstream of perennial
spring discharge points
which are the sources of
loading in the streams.

35. 5. Continue monitoring
water quality inflow and
outflow, soil chemistry
and aqueous
invertebrate community
health upstream and
downstream of the
implementation for
overall effectiveness
and continuity.

36. Natural zeolites are
hydrated
aluminosilicates.
Zeolites are used
commercially for
several reasons:
* Unique absorption
* Ion exchange
* Molecular sieve
* Catalytic abilities

37.  Natural zeolites are readily available. The resources
are large, well tested and consistent in performance.
 There are a number of available technologies that
improve sorbent selectivity or increase capacity for
specific contaminants.
 Technology is proven in municipal and drinking
water, nuclear, and industrial water treatment
applications and is becoming more common in
polishing mine effluents prior to discharge.

38. Parameter Raw Water After Zeolite
Sample 1 3.31 5.71
Sample 2 2.97 5.32
Sample 3 2.52 4.00

39. 20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
0 5 10 15 20 25
Dosage (g adsorbent/L metal solution)
PercentAdsorbed
(%)
Co Cs Cu Sr Zn
Cs >Sr>Cu>Zn~Co
Sr
Co

40. Project Contaminant
Three Mile Island Cesium, Strontium
Kendall Gold Mine – Hilger, MT Thallium, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co
Homestake Legacy Site - Farmington,
NM
Uranium
Colorado Tailings, Butte, MT Cu, Pb, Zn, AZ
Greenbriar Coal – West Virgina AMD, Mn, Al - Pilot
Rimcon – Wyoming Mitigation High Sodic waters
WRT – 130 Commercial installations Arsenic, Radium, Thorium, Uranium
Fukushima, Japan – Kurion Cesium, Strontium, Americium,
Calcium

41. Erosion Control and Rock Barrier
BMPs are expected to last 5-10 years
depending on the rate of storm run-off.
Zeolite material replacement frequency
will be determined as part of
implementation of the project.

42. Dan Eyde – CTO & President
St Cloud Mining
1955 W Grant Rd. Suite 200
Tucson, AZ 85745
520-744-6667
deyde@stcloudmining.com or
info@stcloudmining.com
www.stcloudmining.com