biology of tiger

1. TIGER
Presented By
Group-B1
ID NO: 1201040 – 1201052
Level-4;Semester-1
Faculty of Veterinary Science

2.  Introduction
 Taxonomic classification
 Description
 Biological characteristics
 Reproduction
 Feeds & feeding
 Restraining
 Important diseases

3.  The tiger is the largest member of the Felidae family
 Genus Panthera are called roaring cats because they
have an incompletely ossified hyoid apparatus
 Historic tiger range ran from Turkey through South &
South-East Asia to the eastern part of the continent
 Today they are only found in South & South-East
Asia, China & Russia
 In the early 1900s there were 100000 tigers
throughout their range
 Today approximately 3200 exist in the wild

4. Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Genus: Panthera
Species: Panthera tigris

5. Length: 4.6-12.2 ft.
Height: 3-3.5 ft.
Weight: 220-675 pounds
Colors and markings: Orange with a white belly
and black stripes
Shape: oval body that is low to the ground

6. Six surviving subspecies of tiger:
 Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
 Indochinese tiger (Panthera tigris corbetti)
 Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni)
 Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)
 Southchina tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis)
 Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)

7. Bengal tiger
Indochinese tiger
Malayan tiger

8. Siberian tiger
South-china tiger
Sumatran tiger

9. Three extinct subspecies of tiger:
 Bali tiger ( Panthera tigris balica)
 Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata)
 Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica)

10. Bali tiger
Caspian tiger
Javan tiger

11.  Tigers live in Asia. Larger subspecies, such as the
Siberian tiger, tend to live in Northern, colder areas,
such as Eastern Russia and North-Eastern China.
 Smaller subspecies live in Southern, warmer
countries, such as India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan,
Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and
Indonesia
 They live in arid forests, flooded mangrove forests,
tropical forests and taiga, depending on the
subspecies

13.  All subspecies of tigers are extremely territorial
 Tigers mostly live solitary lives with exception of when
they are courting, mating, or raising their offspring in
case of females
 Nocturnal in nature
 Tiger's stripes are like fingerprints, each tiger has
different stripes
 Tigers have retractable claws that are covered by an
envelop when retracted
 Males have wider forepaw pads than females, enabling
gender to be told from tracks

14.  Tigresses are smaller than the males in each
subspecies
 Average speed of tiger is around 56-64 km/h
 A tiger can leap forward up to 33 feet at a time
 Unlike other felids tigers are excellent swimmers and
are often found during the day relaxing in ponds,
streams, and rivers. They are even
capable to carry prey through water
 Tigers have 30 teeth in total. The dental
formula is I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1

15.  Tigers typically live 14 to 18 years
 Mothers guard their young so that the
wandering males don't eat them

16.  Tigers are sexually dimorphic species
 Although tigers can mate throughout the year,
copulation usually happens between November and
April
 Females reach sexual maturity at around three to
four years of age, while males are a little older, at an
average of four or five years old

17.  Females usually wait about 2.5 years between
pregnancies
 Gestation period is 103 days
 3-4 cubs are born in a litter
 Cubs come out of den in 8 weeks
 At 2 years old, the cubs will set out on their own, and
their mother will have another set of cubs

18.  All tigers are carnivores
 Most of a tiger's diet consists of large prey, such
as pigs, deer, rhinos or elephant calves.
 To kill their prey, tigers will clamp down on the
animal's neck with their jaws and suffocate the
animal

19. There are two methods of restraining tiger:
1. Physical method
a) Confinement (Squeeze cages, special bags &
towels)
b) Physical barriers (shields and blankets)
c) Arms and nets
Squeeze cage

20. 2. Chemical method
 Mainly blowgun tranquilization is prefered
 Usually Tilazol (Tiletamine HCl and Zolazepam HCl) is used as
2-7 mg/kg bw, IM
 Acts within 10 to 15 min & recovers after 4hrs

21. 1. Viral diseases
 Rabies
 Pseudorabies
 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (Feline AIDS or FIV )
 Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)
 Canine distemper
2. Bacterial diseases
 Tuberculosis
 Salmonellosis
 Anthrax
 Bacterial meningitis

22. 3. Fungal diseases
 Microsporum
 Dermatophilosis
 Coccidioidomycosis
4. Parasitic diseases
 Babesiosis
 Toxoplasmosis
 Tick bite fever

23.  There is about 3200; around 1411 Bengal tigers, about 450
Siberian and the same with Sumatran, Indo-Chinese is
anywhere between 1100 and 1800, and the South China tiger
is close to none, to be precise, less than 20
 Just 440 tiger left in Bangladesh according to the latest survey
 The illegal poaching of tigers for their parts and destruction of
their habitat are the biggest challenges faced in the fight to
save tigers
 The Corbett Foundation, Big Cat Rescue, Global Tiger Forum,
Asian Conservation Awareness Programme
 The mission of saving the tigers will succeed only if measures
are taken with full initiative and care

25.  Fowler, M.E. ; Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine
 Fowler, M.E. ; Restraint and Handling of Wild and
Domestic Animals
 http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger
 http://www.defenders.org/wildlife
 http://www.habitat/wildlife/tiger.php
 http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/taxonomy2.html
 http://www.zooschool.ersd.net/Tiger.html

26. Special Thanks to
 Dr. Md. Ariful Islam
Associate Professor
Departmentof Medicine
 Dr. Mst. Sonia Parvin
Assistant Professor
Departmentof Medicine

27. Thank
you!!!