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1. * GB785708 (A)
Description: GB785708 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Radio navigation system
Description of GB785708 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Radio Navigation System
We, STANDARD TELEPHONES AND CABLES
LIMITED, a British Company, of Connaught
House, 63, Aldwych, London, W.C.2, England, do hereby declare the
invention (Communicated by INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE
AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION, a Corporation of the State of Maryland,
United States of America, of 67, Broad Street, New York, 4, New York,
United States of America), for which we pray that a patent may be
granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to radio navigation systems and more
particularly to navigation systems of the Rho-6 type, i.e., systems
which indicate the distance and azimuth of a receiver from a radio
beacon.
Navigation systems of the Rho-8 type provide means for an aircraft to

2. determine its bearing and distance from a known point thereby
providing all the information necessary for a pilot to have in order
to determine his position. In some systems heretofore employed the
pilot was able to determine his distance from one point and his
bearing from another point. Such known systems require the pilot to
then plot his location by determining the intersection of his bearing
line and distance circle from the known points.
In other known systems the pilot did not receive a continuous distance
measurement but was required to calculate his distance from known
points at varying time intervals.
One of the objects of this invention therefore is to provide at a
receiver, continuous and automatic meter indications of the bearing
and distance from a transmitter beacon.
Another object of this invention is to provide a combined omnirange
and distance measuring system utilising only one transmitter and one
receiver at the beacon and one transmitter and one receiver at the
mobile location.
A further object of this invention is to pro
vide a combined omnirange and distance
measuring system utilising pulse modulated
RF signals capable of servicing a plurality of
mobile craft simultaneously.
According to a feature of this invention a
radio navigation system of the Rho-0 type is
provided wherein the pulsed output of a con
stant duty cycle distance measuring beacon
is amplitude modulated with a fundamental
and harmonic bearing signal and reference
pulses for the fundamental and harmonic
signals are interspaced with the distance
measuring pulses whereby at the transmitter
receiver a distance indication is obtained
from the distance measuring pulses and a
bearing indication is obtained by comparing
the phase difference of the distance measur
ing pulses, envelope wave components and
their respective reference signals.
The above-mentioned and other features
and objects of this invention will become
more apparent and the invention itself will
be best understood by reference to the fol
lowing description taken in conjunction with
the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a com

3. bined omnirange and DME beacon together
with a mobile trans-receiver for use there
with;
Fig. 2 is a schematic drawing in block
form of one form of navigation system in
cluding a beacon and a mobile trans-receiver
according to the principles of this invention;
and
Fig. 3 is a graphic illustration of a set of
curves helpful in the explanation of this in
vention.
Referring to Fig. 1, a simplified block dia-
gram of the navigation system according to
the principles of this invention is shown com
prising a ground beacon 1 and co-operating -mobile equipment 2. The
mobile transmitter
3 initiates the process of determining the
craft's position by radiating coded repetition
rate interrogation pulse signals which are de tected by the ground
beacon receiver 4. The beacon's transmitter 5 is triggered into
radiating DME reply pulses which are detected by the mobile receiver
6. Simultaneously the beacon transmitter 5 may be radiating DME reply
pulses to interrogations of other mobile craft. The mobile receiver 6
by stroboscopic examination of the signals detected by receiver 6 in
strobe circuit 7 isolates the replies having the same coded repetition
rate as its own interrogation pulses from transmitter 3.
The strobe circuit 7 then measures the elapsed time between its own
interrogation and corresponding reply and converts this into
electrical impulses which operates the distance meter 8 which
continuously displays the distance to the beacon from the mobile
craft. Transmitter 5 produces a more or less steady stream of DME
reply pulses depending upon how many aircraft are interrogating the
beacon. These pulse reply signals are supplemented as necessary by use
of a constant duty cycle DME beacon to insure that a certain number of
minimum number of pulses are transmitted per second. Reference may be
had to co-pending Application No. 19393155 (Serial No. 785,707) for
further information about a constant duty cycle type of DME beacon
which may be used in this invention. The DME reply pulses and/or
supplementary pulses are radiated from an antenna which amplitude
modulates the pulses with a bearing envelope wave having a fundamental
and harmonic frequency component and introduces reference signals for
each component due to the antenna rotator system 5a. The amplitude
modulation of the pulses in no way interferes with the distance
measuring portion of the system, which depends solely on the time

4. relationship of the interrogation and reply pulses.
In the envelope signal detector circuit 9 the mobile equipment detects
and separates the components of the bearing envelope of the amplitude
modulated pulses which are radiated in sufficient numbers to allow for
reconstruction of the waveform. The phase of the fundamental frequency
component of the received envelope is directly proportional to the
mobile craft's directional bearing from the beacon; the phase of the
harmonic frequency component varies at a faster rate with the bearing
depending on the order of harmonic radiated. In order to establish a
reference for phase determination on board the mobile craft the beacon
transmitter 5 radiates coded reference signals for the fundamental and
harmonic components of the bearing envelope wave. The reference
signals are detected by the mobile craft equipment in a reference
signal detector 10 and compared in phase with their respective
components of the envelope wave from detector 9 in the phase
comparison circuits 11. The phase comparison of the harmonic signals
has a plurality of ambiguities depending on the harmonic order used
but the comparison of the fundamental signals resolves this ambiguity.
The resulting bearing information is converted into electrical signals
which operate the azimuth meter 12 to display the azimuth from the
mobile craft to the ground beacon.
Referring to Fig. 7 of the drawing, the combined omnirange and
distance measuring equipment of Fig. 1 is shown in more detail. The
ground beacon 1 is provided with an antenna system 13 to which is
applied a carrier frequency, for instance. 1000 MC, from RF source 14
through antenna coupler 15. The antenna system 13 includes a fixed
omnidirectional antenna 16 which for purposes of explanation is shown
as a single unit, it being understood that a vertical stack antenna
array may be used to increase the vertical concentration of energy. On
a disc 17 mounted in spaced relation to antenna 16 is a reflector
element 18b and disposed about the periphery of disc 17 are a
plurality of symmetrically arranged reflectors 1 8a and 18c. The disc
17 is rotated at the desired speed. for example, 30 revolutionsisecond
by a motor 19 and mechanical linkage '0.
Thus as antenna 16 is supplied with energy the rotating reflector 1 8b
distorts the radiated pattern to form the fundamental bearing signal
at the receiver and reflectors 1 8a and 18c provide the harmonic
components of the bearing signal. The motor 19 drives disc 21 composed
of a non-magnetic material, in synchronism with disc 17 to provide
pulses for furnishing the reference signal.
Disc 21 has a slug 22 composed of a magnetic material embedded in its
surface, so that as the slug 22 passes between the pole faces of
magnetic pickup unit 23b each time reflector 1 8b is in a
predetermined position, such as south, a pulse is produced. The

5. metallic slug 22 also passes between the pole faces of magnetic pickup
units 23a and 33c each time reflectors 18a and 18c are in a
predetermined position, respectively. Output energy from magnetic
pickup device 23b is applied through coupler 24 to key a subcarrier
source 25, for example, a 50 KC source whose output is applied through
pulser 26 to pulse modulate the RF source 14 at the 50 KC rate. Pickup
units 23a and 23c serve through coupler 27 and 100 KC source 28 to
supply 100 KC bursts of energy through pulser 26 to RF source 14 so
that these bursts of pulses are transmitted over antenna 16 for each
passage of the metallic slug through pickup unit 23a or 3c. Thus each
time a reflector 18a. lSb, or 18c is aligned in a desired direction
pulses of reference frequency energy are transmitted. as modulations
of the RF energy.
Pulse source 29 is controlled by the out put of the ground beacon
receiver detector 36. In the absence of interrogation by a mobile
craft the gain of the IF amplifier 35 is adjusted so that the " grass
" output of the ground beacon receiver will actuate pulser 29 to apply
through pulse 26 pulses at a more or less random repetition rate, for
example, 2 KC, to the RF source 14 so that these pulses are
transmitted in the interval between the transmission of the reference
pulse bursts.
Thus in the absence of any interrogation of the ground beacon by a
mobile craft, the signa: radiated by the ground beacon transmitter, as
shown in Fig. 3, Curve A, comprises an RF carrier pulsed with
reference signals and also pulsed at a more or less random rate by the
" grass " output of receiver 4, and amplitude modulated by the
rotation of the antenna system.
The radiated signal from the ground beacon is received by the mobile
craft's antenna 31 and fed to the usual RF and IF circuits 32 whose
output is coupled to detector 33 and then fed to amplifier 34. In
order to reconstruct the bearing envelope wave the detected amplifier
output from amplifier 34 is coupled to a pulse widener 65 and peak
follower 66. A fundamental frequency filter 37 passes only the
fundamental frequency component of the bearing envelope wave, i.e.,
the 30 cycle component. A harmonic frequency filter 38 passes a 90
cycle or harmonic component of the bearing envelope wave.
In order to recover the reference signals the output of amplifier 34
is coupled to limiter 39. The clipped output from limiter 39 as shown
in Fig. 3, Curve B, which has no amplitude variations is fed to a
fundamental reference frequency filter 42 and a harmonic reference
frequency filter 40, i.e., a 50 KC pass filter and a 100 KC pass
filter respectively. The 50 KC filter 42 passes the fundamental
reference pulses which were transmitted each time reflector 1 8b was
in a predetermined position. The fundamental reference signals passed

6. by the 50 KC filter control a 30 cycle pulse generator 41 which
produces a pulse in response to the output of the 50 KC pass filter
42. The output of the 100 KC filter 40 controls a 90 cycle pulse
generator 41a to produce a reference signal each time reflectors 18a
and 18c are in a predetermined position, i.e., timed in relation to
predetermined cycles of the harmonic component of the beacon amplitude
modulation envelope.
The separated fundamental and harmonic components of the bearing
signal are coupled to phase shifter 43 and 44, respectively, and then
coupled to coincidence measuring circuits 45 and 46. respectively. To
obtain the bearing of the mobile craft from the ground beacon the
phase shifters 43 and 44 are adjusted until the coincidence measuring
circuits indicate coincidence between the bearing signal and the
reference pulses. The coincidence circuit 46 comparing the harmonic
component of the bearing signal and the harmonic frequency reference
pulses will indicate three ambiguous points. The ambiguity is resolved
by the comparison of the fundamental component of the bearing signal
and the fundamental frequency reference pulses. A mechanical linkage
47 between the fundamental phase shifter of 43 and the harmonic phase
shift of 44 having a 1:3 ratio will automatically resolve the
ambiguity in the harmonic readings.
In order to obtain a distance reading the clipped pulse output of
limiter 39 is coupled to the ranging circuits 49 where the elapsed
time between the interrogation of the mobile transmitter and the reply
from the ground beacon are converted into electrical signals to
actuate the distance meter 50.
To initiate a distance reading, modulator and coder 51 control
transmitter 52 to radiate coded interrogation pulses which are picked
up by antenna 53 of the ground beacon and coupled to the usual
receiver circuits including an RF amplifier 54, local oscillator 55
and mixer 56 and IF amplifier 35. The output of the IF amplifier 35 is
fed to detector 36 and then coupled to pulser 29 to actuate the ground
beacon to respond in the same code as the received signals. If the
output of the transmitter exceeds a predetermined level, duty cycle
limiter circuit 59 reduces the sensitivity of the IF amplifier 35
reducing the output of the ground beacon transmitter due to the
receiver " grass ".
What we claim is : -
1. A radio navigation system including a radio beacon station
comprising a radio re.
ceiver adapted to receive interrogation pulses, a source of carrier
energy, means responsive to the output of sail receiver for pulse
modulating said carrier in a substantially constant duty cycle by
pulses including reply pulses in response to said interrogation

7. pulses, means for radiating the pulse modulated carrier energy in
accordance with a rotating directive radiation pattern so shaped that
the beacon energy received at a distant point has an amplitude
modulation bearing wave envelope including a fundamental component and
at least one harmonic component, and means to pulse modulate said
carrier energy with a fundamental reference signal and a harmonic
reference signal.
2. A system according to Claim 1, further including a mobile station
comprising means for transmitting said interrogation pulses, means for
receiving energy radiated by said beacon, means for extracting the
amplitude modulated envelope of the received beacon energy to obtain a
bearing wave, means for separating the fundamental and harmonic
components of said extracted bearing wave,
* GB785709 (A)
Description: GB785709 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Cutting shears
Description of GB785709 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
/2 Date of Application and filing Complete
Specification: May 12, 1952.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
lnde:: at aesetan e: assess 3 D 5; and 93 52 A 3 I nt@elatiuua S
C:assifioation:-BR 2 gt COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Cutting Shears I, WILLIAM BRAMLEY HENDERSON, a British Subject, of the
firm of Hughes and Young, patent agents, of 7, Stone Buildings,
Lincoln's Inn, London, W C 2, do hereby declare the invention (a
communication from ROBIN, STAHL UND METALLWAREN GESELLSCHAFT MIT
BESCHRANICTER HAFTUNG of Uferstrasse 46, Solingen-Ohligs, Germany, a
Company Incorporated under the Laws of Germany, for which I pray that
a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
The present invention relates to cutting shears, and more especially

8. to plate shears.
A clean cutting action, more especially of the hardened cutting edges
in the case of shears, necessitates completely satisfactory guiding of
the arms of the shears in relation to one another, in order to ensure
an easy movement of the blades and a long cutting life This applies
more particularly to plate shears which are intended for cutting
relatively thick articles, such as sheet-metal plates, with a clean
cut under heavy stress.
According to the invention, a plate shear comprises two arms, the
cutting edge of each of which is surface ground along the entire
length of the cutting portion of the arm, and a screw serving to
connect the arms of the shears is journalled in one arm in a bearing
socket having a conical bearing surface, in which the head of the
screw engages and is screwed directly into the other arm of the
shears, a lock nut being provided if desired.
The conical bearing socket consists of bearing metal, or preferably, a
synthetic resin.
The provision of a special bearing socket in accordance with the
invention affords a good relative sliding action of the parts with
small friction In addition, a completely satisfactory centering is
obtained by reason of the conical form of the bearing socket.
Large forces can be taken up at the bearing point without detriment to
the ready mova7859709 No 12044/52.
bility of the arms of the shears Such shears are easy to operate and
always remain serviceable, which is of particular importance in the
case of plate shears.
An embodiment of the invention is illus 50 trated by way of example in
the accompanying drawings, in which:Fig 1 shows a pair of plate shears
in plan view; Fig 2 is a section through the point of 55 connection of
the two arms of the shears; and Fig 3 illustrates a detail in
cross-section.
The illustrated plate shears are hardened along the edge zones 21 and
22 of the arms 23 60 and 24, to form cutting blades which are ground
along their whole length.
Since the cutting blades must always bear and move completely evenly
one against the other in order to ensure a long cutting life 65 and a
clean cutting action, the arms are pivotally connected by means of a
connecting screw 25 which is mounted in a socket in a bearing member
26 (Fig 2) of bearing metal or preferably a synthetic resin plastic
The 70 member 26 is positioned in a recess in the arm 23 and the screw
25 is provided with a conical head 25 a which engages in a
corresponding recess in the bearing member 26.
The screw 25 engages in a corresponding 75 screwthread in the other
arm 24 of the shears and may be provided with a lock nut 27.

9. The arms of the shears are practically completely prevented from
becoming loose due to the frictionless sliding action of the bearing
80 member 26 and also due to the locking of the screw by the nut 27
when provided The shears therefore always remain in condition for use.
The shears are preferably adapted to open 85 automatically To this end
a spring means is provided, which may be disposed in concealed fashion
between the cutting arms.
For this purpose each cutting arm 23,24 has formed therein an arcuate
slot indicated at 28, 90 785,709 29 respectively, the said slots
overlapping partially, a spring 30 being disposed in the overlapping
portions of the slots and supported therein by pins 31 provided at the
ends of the spring.
The handles of the shears may be turned inwardly so as to make contact
in the closed position of the shears or alternatively may be spaced
apart when the shears are closed In the latter case, an abutment pin
32 is provided, which is preferably disposed adjacent the pivotal
connection of the arms of the shears.
The handles and consequently the shears themselves may be kept in the
closed position by means of a latch or the like.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785710 (A)
Description: GB785710 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Tanks for combined transport of liquids and solids
Description of GB785710 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Jan 6, 1954.
Application made in Egypt on Jan 15, 1953.

10. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 69 ( 1), ID( 2:3 C:4 A 5); 103 ( 4), L 2
A 4 F; International Classification -B 61 d, B 62 d, B 65 g.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Tanks for Combined Transport of Liquids and Solids I, JOSEPH-YERVA-NT
MICHEL NAGGIAR, Of Boite Postale 497, Rue de Liban, Fared Building,
Beyrouth, Lebanon, of Syrian Nationality, do hereby declare the
invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and
the method by which it is to he performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement The invention relates to
tanks which are adapted for the combined transport of liquids and
solids and are adapted to be mounted on the chassis or the open bodies
of lorries or trailers or on open railway trucks or on other means of
transport on land, sea or river and in the air.
One object of the invention is to enable vehicles to load a freight
consisting of goods and solids as well as liquids.
A further object of the invention is to provide a storage tank which
has the general form of a receptacle with double walls and a double
bottom, the space situated inside each of the double vertical walls
and in the double bottom being utilised for transporting liquids,
while the central space or cavity between the double walls and above
the double bottom is arranged and utilised for the transport of
solids, without the space available to the solids being substantially
reduced.
According to this invention, I provide a storage tank and cargo
carrying body adapted to be mounted for transportation, wherein the
tank is overall of parallelipipedic form, in a width dimension has a
section in the form of a "U", and in its horizontal section,
immediately above its base, has a section in the form of a "U" or of
two " 1 U"s, the tank body being open at its upper part and closed at
its front end, or at its front and rear ends, and having a
double-walled base, two doublewalled sides and a double-walled front
end, or Af-ouble-walled front and rear ends, these parts being
intercommunicating all together, and wherein the tank also comprises a
number of baffles, which also serve as supporting means, arranged in
the spaces vertically between the walls of the 50 base and
horizontally between the walls of the sides and the front or the front
and rear ends, the baffles comprising corrugated, light metal members
and perforated tubes, those baffles in the base being 55 quineuncially
disposed.
As will appear hereinafter, the tank may comprise a double-walled
front end and double-walled sides which communicate with the front
end, the rear end of 60 the tank being open.
As an alternative to the above arrangement, however, according to this

11. invention I also provide a storage tank which comprises a
double-walled front end and a 65 double-walled rear end, and wherein
the front end communicates with the front portions of the two
double-walled sides of the tank while the rear end communicates with
the rear portions of the sides of the 70 tank, and wherein gaps are
provided between the said front portions and the said rear portions of
both sides of the tank, the arrangement being such that the internal
space in the front end is in com 75 munication with the internal
spaces in the front portions of the sides, while the internal space in
the rear end is in commuriication with the internal spaces in the rear
portions of the sides 80 f Further constructional features of the
invention will be described hereinafter.
Two constructional forms of the invention are shown, by way of
example, with reference to the accompanying drawings 85 wherein:Fig 1
is a perspective view of a threesided double-walled tank intended more
particularly to be mounted on the chassis of a road transport lorry;
90 785,710 No 395/54.
and 1093 (), B 133 C, 785,710 Fig 2 is a horizontal section through
the base of the tank shown in Fig 1; Fig 3 is a section on the line
A-A in Fig 2; Fig 4 is a section on the line B-B in Fig 2; Fig 5 is a
section, to an enlarged scale, through the base of the tank at the
front end of the latter and shows one of the tubes -used for bracing
the two walls; Fig 6 shows one of the sheet metal members used for
bracing the base and side walls, the metal being formed with
corrugations at 90 to each other; Fig 7 is a fragmentary section to an
enlarged scale of one of the side walls of the tank shown in Fig 1;
Fig 8 is a perspective view of a modified tank intended more
particularly for mounting on the chassis of a railway truck; Fig 9 is
a horizontal section through the base of the tank shown in Fig 8:
Fig 10 is a section on the line C-C in Fig 8; and Fig 11 is a section
on the line D-D in Fig 9.
Referring to Figs 1 and 8 Each tank comprises a double-walled base or
bottom 1, the tank shown in Fig 1 having a double front wall 2 and two
double side walls 3 and that in Fig 8 having two double side walls 3 a
and two double end walls 2 a the assembly having a more or less
parallelipipedic shape and forming a receptacle which is open at the
top and, as shown in Fig 1, at the rear end for tanks intended more
particularly for road vehicles The tank shown in Figs 8 to 11 which is
made in two parts connected by the welding 50, is particularly for
railway vehicles and the two side walls both have angular gaps in them
to provide two front side wall portions and two rear side wall
portions separated by the gaps In the tank shown in Figs l to 7 the
rear end may be closed by means of a door 4 pivoting about a
horizontal pivot 5 fixed to the bottom or the top of the base of the

12. tank 'Use is made of the door 4 to brace the two side walls 3 of the
tank at the rear end for the purpose of compensating for the pressure
due to the weight of the liquid contained in the side walls For this
purpose, the door may for example be constructed so as to comprise two
lateral cheeks 6 (of L-shape for instance) fitting, for example, for
four to five centimetres over the rear ends of the external side walls
of the tank.
The tank shown in Figfs 1 to 7 has a main manhole 7 in its front end
wall and the tank shown in Fig 8 has manholes 7 ac in its front and
rear end walls The tank shown in Fig 1 also has two secondary openings
9 in its side walls The manholes 7, 7 a enable workmen to get inside
the walls of the tank for repair and cleaning purposes Entrance into
the tank is possible owing to the quincuncial arrang -e 70 ment of
corrugated sheet metal plates 8 and S', see Figs 2 i and 9, corrugated
at angles of 900 fixed vertically in the base of the tank between
U-section members or channels 13 of relatively light sheet metal 75
which in turn surround and are arranged in spaced relationship
internally in the spaced walls 16 of the sides and in the base of the
tank In addition to acting as bracing and supporting members for the 8
O pressure exerted in a downward direction when loaded with solids and
the pressure in the upward direction when the tank is filled with
liquids, the relatively light sheet metal channel members 13 act as
baffles 85 aoainst the displacement of liquid inside the container
Actually, while the torrugated sheet metal plates S and S' have free
passages between them, the plates also form continuous screens with
which the 9 o liquid when displaced must necessaril i come into
contact on starting', when braking suddenly, and in the event of
shckss and so on.
Corrugated sheet metal members 15, 9 arranged vertically in the side
walls of the tank and also betwveen the U-section channel members 13
secured to the base and to which they are fixed, also act to brace the
two double walls internally and 100 they also act as baffles against
the sudden displacement of liquids within the walls.
Tubes 11 disposed horizontally between the spaced members of the front
wall, Figs.
1 to 7, or the spaced members of the two 105 end walls, Figs 8 to 11,
and vertically between the two walls of the base, see Figs.
2, 5, 9 and 11, inside the tank in both constructions, serve to
maintain the spacing of the double walls The tubes 11 are 110 fixed,
for example by welding, to the channel section members 13 which are
welded to the inner plates of the wall and base Holes 12 are formed at
several places in the tubes 11 and in the case of 115 the vertical
tubes one of the holes necessarily is at the lowest part of the tube
and one is at the highest part so as to enable the tube to be filled

13. and emptied at the same time as the tank itself The two 120 tubes 11
between the members of the front wall of the tank shown in Figs 1 to 7
are arranged on opposite sides of the manhole 7 and in the tank shown
in Figs S to 1 l the two tulbes 11 between the spaced 125 members of
the front and rear wall of the tank are arranged on opposite sides of
the manhfioles 7.
The nienriers 13 mn 'tie si U-seeti and they conform to the internal
shape of 130 785,710 the tank and the other members 14 may also be of
U-section and arranged alternately with the members 13, but they are
straight and terminate close to the external wall of the tank The
members 13 and 14 mav also be of different sections and, preferably,
the backs of their webs bear on the internal walls of the plates 16
forming the outside wall of the tank, this being for the purpose of
giving maximum support and suitably reinforcing the outside wall.
It is preferable for the section members to be formed with holes at
the junction of the web and the flange at several points of the parts
touching the bottom wall of the base in order to permit the complete
emptying of the tank.
The emptying of the tank may be carried out from any side of the
receptacle according to requirements It is advisable, however to fit
emptying pipes 10 at a position reserved for them on the upper sloping
external parts of the side walls as shown in Figs 1 and 7 The emptying
pipe will preferably occupy the inclined portion of the side wall
shown in Fig 7, because the pipe should not project beyond the
external dimensions of the tank itself.
The invention is also applicable, with the same advantages and in
accordance with the same generic idea, to other means of road
transport, to water transport (boats, ships, barges and so on) and
also to air transport.
From the above description, it will be clear that a storage tank
forming the subject of the present invention will enable vehicles on
which it is fitted to make a journey in one direction with a normal
load of liquid and to make a journey in another direction with a
normal load of solid goods or vice versa.
In order to show that in the two journeys the normal load is not
substantially changed with respect to containers at present in use,
assume, by way of example, a receptacle for a motor lorry having
external dimensions as follows; 4 50 m.long, 2 50 m wide, and with
longitudinal side walls which are 1 75 m high If the spacing between
the double walls of the bottom 1 and of the front wall 2 is 0 55 m.
and the spacing between the double side walls 3 is 0 30 m this gives a
capacity of approximately 10 cubic metres.
On the other hand, the central cavity left available for loading goods
and solids provides a platform which is 7 60 square metres with a

14. depth of 1 20 metres, this 6 orepresenting a good average surface of a
lorry body to carry a load of 10 tons, and providing a space of volume
substantially equal to that of the double-welded spaces.
Another advantage of the tank according to the present invention is
that it is never idle in practice, since it may constantly be loaded
to transport liquids and/or solid goods and even be loaded with solids
for journeys in both directions when no liquid loads are available For
parti-70 cular, but nevertheless numerous, cases such as in the case
of municipal vehicles, the tanks serving as watering carts and as
auxiliary fire fighting vehicles are used periodically and are then
inoperative for a 75 long period during the year By making use of the
present invention, a constant service may be demanded of all types of
vehicles.
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* GB785711 (A)
Description: GB785711 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in or relating to wheel mountings for mine car axles and the
like
Description of GB785711 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of filing Complete Specification: May 20, 1955.
Application Date: May 25, 1954.
7853711 No 15325/54.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 122 ( 5), 113 (B 2 81; C; 6).
International Classification -F 06 j, COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Wheel Mountings for Mine Car Axles' and

15. the like I, RICHARD DUTTON-FORSHAW, a British subject, of Burtonwood
Engineering Works, Burtonwood, Warrington, Lancashire, do hereby
declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted,
to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to wheell mountings for use: in connection with
wheel and axle arrangements and is concerned with providing an
improved dust seal in a mounting for the axles of cars or bogies used
in the mining and transport of coal and other minerals.
Present day developments in the construction of mine cars include
anti-friction bearings, usually roller or needle bearings, to
facilitate relative rotation between the transport wheels and their
axles, but such bearings have hitherto not been fitted with an
efficient dust seal, with the result that coal dust, grit and other
comminuted materials have infiltrated into the bearings causing
excessive wear In many cases the infiltration is to such an extent
that relative rotation between wheel and axle is prevented, and unless
frequent dismantling and overhauling is effected, there is always the
possibility of a bearing seizing-up, with its attendant dangers which
may jeopard'ise the safety of personnel, particularly in mine workings
or tunnels.
Prior to the present invention, in order to withstand heavy usage, it
has been the usual practice to have a metal to metal contact between
the relatively moving parts (i e wheel and axle), which necessitates,
a safe clearance between such metallic parts, resulting in leakage of
lubricant from the bearing and dust andi grit into the bearing.
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved wheel
mounting for the purposes above related having a simplified packing or
sealing assembly.
According to the present invention, a wheel mounting for use in a mine
car, bogie or the like includes a sealing ring fitted on the inner
side of an anti-friction bearing and comprising lPrice 3 s 6 d 1 an
annular rigid portion made either to 'be a tight push it into the
wheel, or a tight push fit on to the axle, and a resilient annular
portion fixed, to said rigid portion having a sealing face bearing
against a complementary face on' the axle or wheel, as the case may
be, and includes also a disc-like cover or hub plate on the other or
outer side of said' bearing attached to the wheel and extending over
the end of the axle, Preferably the sealing face of the sealing ring
is provided with annular grooves to provide a labyrinth packing, and'
in the usual constructions the sealing ring is located in an annular
recess in the rim or hub of the wheel, and is itself fashioned with an
annular recess to provide a sealing face which is complementary to an
'L-section metal ring attached to the axle, Additional labyrinth can

16. also be incorporated in the form of concentric grooves or a scroll
complementary to the flange of the L-section ring, In the drawing
filed with the Provisional Specification is illustrated in part
sectional elevation one embodiment of the invention for incorporation
in a mine car or truck adapted to run on rails, and in said drawing
the axle 10 is provided' with an end portion l Oa of reduced, diameter
on which the flanged wheel 11 is mounted Against the shoulder 12
formed by the reduced end portion' abuts an L-section distance piece
13 which is of metal and may be sweated or otherwise fixed on to the
axle 10, and located between said distance piece and a retaining nut
14 in screwed engagement with the extremity of the end portion 10 a,
is the inner race 15 of a roller antifriction bearing 16 The outer
race 17 of the anti-friction bearing is a press fit within the bore 18
of the wheel, and on the inner side of the bearing said bore is
counter-bored to provide an annular recess 19 in which is located a
sealing ring comprising an annular, rigid, angle-seotion outer portion
20 to which is bonded an inner, annular, resilient portion 21 The
outer flange-like portion 20 is so proportioned that it is a tight
push fit within, W Price 45 64 its locating recess, whilst the bore of
the resilient portion provides a sealing face 22 which bears
resiliently against or substantially close to the periphery of the
horizontal limb of the L-section distance piece 13 In order to provide
a similar sealing engagement with the vertical limb of distance piece
13, the resilient portion of the sealing ring is counter-bored or
provided with an annular recess 23 in which said vertical limb is
located.
The bore of the resilient portion 21 of the sealing ring is provided
with two or more annular recesses or grooves, 24 to enable same to
operate as a labyrinth packing to prevent outward seeping of lubricant
and' the inward passage-of dust and dirt At the outer face of the
wheel a disc-like cover or hub plate is provided, which closes the
'bore of the wheel and extends over the outer end of ithe axle and
completes the sealing of the bearing and any suitable packing or
sealing means may be provided, between the plate and the wheel.
In the accompanying drawing is illustrated in part-sectional elevation
a further example of sealing assembly constructed in accordance with
the invention and embodying slight modifications as compared with the
construction described and illustrated in the Provisional
Specification, those parts which are similar to those included in the
previously described construction bearing the same reference numerals.
In the drawing filed herewith, the anglesection outer portion 20 has
been reversed so that there is a metal to metal abutment between
thecounter-bore in the wheel 11 and the said outer portion This
arrangement is to comply with the requirements of those customers who

17. prefer the radial face of the resilient portion 21 instead of ithe
flange 20, to be outwardly disposed.
It has been found in practice that the improved; packing or sealing
assembly for the bearing is very efficient and a considerable
improvement on those hitherto in use.
In both the constructions described and illustrated the sealing ring
may be associated with the axle instead of the wheel, and its outer
sealing periphery may resiliently engage a complementary face or faced
member on or associated, with the wheel.
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* GB785712 (A)
Description: GB785712 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in handles for pneumatic percussive tools
Description of GB785712 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 25, 1954.
Application made in Germany on March 13, 1954.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
785,712 No 18674/54.
index at acceptance:-Class 124, C( 111 A:10:2 E:9 C).
international Classification:-B 25 d.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Handles for Pneumatic Percussive Tools We, ARNO
JOCHUMS of 75, Pelmannstrasse, Essen, Germany, and ELMAR WITTKOP of 1
a, Friedrichstrasse, Sprockhovel, Germany, both German Nationals,
trading as HAUHINCO MASCHINENFABRIK G HAUSHERR JOCHUMS & Co., do
hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be

18. granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
Pneumatic striking tools, more particularly coal hammers, equipped
with triggers operated by the palm of the hand, are known wherein the
detachable handle arranged on the cylinder of the tool or on a metal
cap or sleeve surrounding the cylinder consists of a nonmetallic shock
and vibration absorbing material such as rubber or a similar material.
All forces and vibrations acting, during the working of the tool, on
the handle thereof and hence on the arm of the operator are thereby
extensively damped and consequently rendered harmless The object of
the invention is to improve the handles for pneumatic tools of this
kind.
According to the present invention a pneumatic striking tool is
provided with a handle and a resilient plate-like part connecting
lateral arms of said handle, by means of which plate-like part said
handle is connected to the cylinder sleeve of the pneumatic striking
tool releasably and fast against rotation, said handle being connected
to the cylinder sleeve by two conical or cylindrical pins which are
arranged one on each side of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder,
and extend through the plate-like part or a stirrup mounted thereon.
The two pins may be pressed into ribs on the end face of the cylinder
sleeve, or alternatively they may be pressed directly into the
cylinder sleeve.
The plate-like part is advantageously provided, in the region of the
holes extending therethrough for holding the pins, with a lPrice 3/6 l
thickening constructed so as to be symmetrical about its middle plane,
and the cylinder sleeve is provided with a corresponding recess.
The plate-like part of the handle is thin 50 enough to have the
property of elastic yieldability at those parts thereof which connect
said plate-like part to the handle arms, when subjected to the action
of pulsating forces or vibrations Consequently, the said 55 plate-like
part behaves substantially like a diaphragm or a leaf spring, which,
however, must be able to take considerable forces and transmit same
even though it is made of nonmetallic material, this being possible by
60 reason of the fact that said plate-like part forms, together with
the adjoining handle arms and the grip part connecting said arms, an
integral annular closed body With a pneumatic tool having a handle
according to 65 the invention, the hard shocks and vibrations acting
in two directions (backwards and forwards) on the cylinder and the
retaining cap are therefore transmitted to the grip part held in the
operator's hand by way of the yieldable 70 and elastic plate-like part
which is subjected to bending stresses In this way the shock and
vibration absorbing properties which the handle has, owing to the
shock-absorbing material, are still further improved More 75 over, the

19. use of the plate-like part allows the handle of non-metallic material
to be connected simply and securely to the metal cylinder sleeve and
makes it easy to detach and interchange the handle The plate-like 80
part of the handle is preferably of rectangular construction However,
it can alternatively be circular.
Since, to allow for the considerable forcesacting upon the handle
during operation, 85 which in addition to tensile and compressive
stresses also produce bending and torsional stresses, the handle must
of necessity have rigidity and strength (a mixture of the starting
materials known by the registered 90 785,712 Trade Marks " Desmophen "
anid ii Desmodur " is used, for example, as the material), and this
impairs the shock-absorbing properties which are aimed at, it is
recommended that the palm-operated trigger also should be made from
shock-absorbing material, more especially soft or medium-hard natural
or synthetic rubber, so that all hard recoils are transmitted in a
damped fashion by a further very effective means The result is a
handle which reliably renders all the forces of the hammer harmless to
the operator It is also advantageous to choose an aluminium alloy as
material for the metal cylinder sleeve, since alloys of aluminium have
a power of damping vibrations.
Two embodiments of the invention are hereinafter more particularly
described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying
drawings, wherein:Fig 1 shows a broken longitudinal section through a
compressed air hammer according to the invention; Fig 2 shows a
cross-section on the line VIII-VIII in Fig 1:
Fig 3 shows a broken longitudinal section through a further compressed
air hammer according to the invention; and Fig 4 shows a broken
cross-section on the line X-X in Fig 3.
The cylinder 1 of the compressed air hammer is screwed into a threaded
part 2 of a metal cylinder sleeve 3, which is engaged by a handle 4 of
shock-absorbing material of adequate strength The side arms 5 and 6 of
the handle 4 are connected together not only by the top part 7 of the
handle, which is of hollow construction to accommodate a triger 8,
operated by the palm of the hand and made also of shock-absorbing
material, but also by a resilient plate 9, which is rectangular when
considered in plan and which, with the arms 5 and 6 and the top part 7
of the handle, forms a single unit By means of flanges l 1, which are
disposed on the cylinder sleeve on either side of the resilient plate
9, the resilient plate, and hence the entire handle 4, is secured
against rotation in relation to the cylinder sleeve 3.
The side arm 5, which is illustrated on the side remote from the air
inlet connection 12, has an extension 13, which is secured against
rotation by flanges 14, on the cylinder sleeve 3, and which are
disposed one on either side of the extension of the arm 5 On the side

20. of the sleeve 3 carrying the air inlet connection 12, the sleeve
engages, by means of a projecting cylindrical extension 15, in the
side arm 6 of the handle and secures the handle against rotation
relatively to the cylinder sleeve 3 A metal guide bush 16 for an
operating valve pin 17 is mounted in the extension 15 The extension 15
of the cylinder sleeve 3 projects beyond the lower edge of the top
part 7 of the handle into this part of the handle and consequently
permits the operating pin 17 to be guided therein The trigger 8 is
pivoted about a pivot bolt 20 mounted in the part 7 on the handle and
actuates the operating valve pin 17, guided in the bush 16, 70 and the
valve body 21.
Referring more specifically to Figs I and, the cylinder sleeve 3 is
fixed by two conical or cylindrical pins 46 which, disposed one on
either side of the axis 45, pass through the 75 resilient plate 9, and
are pressed into the flanges 11 of the cylinder sleeve The resilient
plate 9 has a spherical thickening 47, which is constructed so as to
be symmetrical relatively to the axis 45, while the cylinder 80 sleeve
3 possesses a corresponding recess at this point The task of the
spherical thickening 47 is not only to reinforce the resilient plate 9
at the points of weakness thereof as a result of the bores for the
pins 46 but also 85 and this task is also carried out at the same time
by the pins 46-to ireduce the deformability of the handle A positive
connection is made by the pins 46 between the handle and the metal
cylinder sleeve 3 90 The pin 46 situated on the right of the axis in
Fig 1 is disposed near the extension 15 of the cylinder sleeve 3 and
thereby prevents too extensive deformation of the resilient plate 9 at
this point and of the arm 6 of the 95 handle under the influence of
large tractive forces-a consequence wvhich would be particularly
disadvantageous here, because it could, if deformation oecurred
obstruct operation of the valve pin 17 100 The embodiment shown in
Figs 3 and 4 differs from that of Figs I and 2 only in that there is
placed on the resilient plate 9 a U-shaped stirrup 50, the side cheeks
51 of which are disposed inside the flanges l l on 105 the cylinder
sleeve 3 and engage in narrow indentations 52 in the cylinder sleeve
The two conical or cylindrical pins 46 are pressed into bores in the
side checks 51 and the flanges 11 In this embodiment, the resilient
plate 9110 need not be bored through, because the pins 46 are
disposed-beneath its bottom edge (see Fig 3) A positive connection
adapted to transmit all forces occurring is thereby created betwieen
the handle 4 and the cylinder 115 sleeve 3, without a constant contact
or clamping pressure being exerted on the resilient plate 9.
In this embodiment, only those parts of the plate 9 outside the side
edges 54 of the 120 stirrup 50 are resilient The magnitude of the
resilient range of the plate 9 may thus be varied by suitable

21. dimensioning of the length of the stirrup 50 and by a larger or
smaller distance of the pins 46 from each other 125 With this
embodiment, moreover, a restriction of the elastic deflection of the
resilient plate under the influence of tractive forces may be
dispensed with The pins 46 may naturally also be pressed into the
cylinder 130 directly into the cylinder sleeve 20 4 A pneumatic
striking tool, as claimed
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