health and wellness

1. By:
Dr. Fatma Ibrahim Abdel-latif Megahed
Lecturer of Family & Community Health Nursing
Faculty of Nursing
Suez Canal University

3. 1. Definition of health.
2. Definition of wellness.
3. The Human Dimensions.
4. Models of health and illness
5. Factors / variables influencing health beliefs and
practices.
6. Definition of illness
7. Types of illness
8. Stages of illness
9. Levels of preventive care.

4.  Definitions:
Health
The World Health Organization (WHO), (1947)
defined health as a state of complete physical,
mental, and social well-being, and not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.

6. Wellness
Wellness further describes health status. It allows
health to be placed on a continuum from one’s
optimal level (“wellness”) to a maladaptive state
(“illness”)

7. Wellness is the interactive process of becoming
aware of and practicing healthy choices to
create a more successful & balanced life.

8. The Human Dimensions
Physical dimension
genetic inheritance, age
,
developmental level, race, and
gender
Emotional dimension
how the mind affects body function and responds to body
conditions
Intellectual dimension
cognitive abilities, educational background, and past
experiences
Environmental dimension
housing, sanitation, climate
,
pollution of air, food, and water
Sociocultural dimension
economic level, lifestyle, and family
Spiritual dimension
beliefs and values

9.  Models of Health and Illness
1- Agent-host-environment model
2-Health and illness continuum model
3- Health belief model
4- Basic Human Needs Model
5- Holistic health model
6-Health promotion model

10. 1-Examines the causes of disease in an individual
2-Agent, host, and environment interact in ways that create
risk factors
3-Understanding the risk factors is important for the promotion
and maintenance of health
4-The environment includes physical, social, biologic, and
cultural factors
5-Each of the agent-host-environment factors affects and is
affected by the others

11. he Agent-Host-Environment Triang

12. 1-Measures a person’s level of health
2-Views health as a constantly changing of
level as a person adapt to change in the
internal and external environment
3-Illustrates the dynamic (ever-changing)
state o

19. Attempts to meet the patient’s basic needs.

20. 20
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

25. Variables Influencing Health and
Health Beliefs and Practices
Variables influence how a person thinks and acts.
Health beliefs can negatively or positively influence
health behavior or health practices.
Health beliefs and practices are influenced by
internal and external variables and should be
considered when planning care

26. Internal Variables

27. External Variables

28. Illness
The classical definition of illness:
an unhealthy condition or unhealthy state of
body or mind.
It is an abnormal process in which the
functioning of person is impaired or diminished
in one or more dimensions

29. Disease:
Disease defined as a change in structure or
function of body systems or the human mind
It is defined as “a failure of the adaptive
mechanisms of an organism to counteract
adequately the stimuli and stresses to which
it is subject, resulting in a disturbance in
function or structure of some part of the body

30. Types of illness
1. Acute illness.
2. Chronic illness.

31. • Characterized by symptoms of relatively
short duration
• Symptoms often appear abruptly, subside
quickly
• May or may not require intervention by
health care professionals
• Most people return to normal level of
wellness

32. • Lasts for an extended period, usually 6
months or longer
• Usually has a slow onset
• Often have periods of remissions, when
the symptoms disappear and
exacerbations, when the symptoms
reappear

33. Stages of illness
• Stage 1: Symptom experience
– Believe something is wrong
• Stage 2: Assumption of the sick role
– Accepts the sick role and seeks confirmation
• Stage 3: Medical care contact
– Seeks advice of a health professional

34. • Stage 4: Dependent client role
– Becomes dependent on the professional for
help
• Stage 5: Recovery or rehabilitation
– Relinquish the dependent role
– Resume former roles and responsibilities

35. Levels of prevention
1- Primary prevention
Focuses on
1-Health promotion
2-Protection against specific problems
-Purpose: decrease the risk of exposure of
the individual orcommunity to disease
e.g.education , diet, exercise,
immunizations

36. Focuses on
1-Early identification of health problems
2-Prompt intervention to alleviate health
problem
3-Purpose: to identify the individuals in early
state of adisease and to limit future
disability
e.g., screenings, mammograms, family
counsel
:

37. Focuses on
1-restoration and rehabilitation with the goal
of
returning the individual to an optimum
level of functioning
e.g., medications, surgical treatment,
rehabilitation