INTRODUCTION Myeloma cells majorly discharge antibodies known as paraprotein (Durie et al., 1975). To make a diagnosis of myeloma, physicains will observe for this paraprotein in the blood or urine(Fisher,1938) .Once the patient have been diagnosed with myeloma, physicians will regularly assess the paraprotein levels to monitor the disease (Fudenberg et al., 1971). Disorders characterised by the production of a paraprotein majorly include monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), multiple myeloma and Waldenströms Macroglobulinaemia (Grabar et al., 1953). Paraproteins may also be a feature of CLL (Chronic lymphocytic leukemia), or amyloidosis. MGUS is a diagnosis of exclusion: 4% of over the age of 72 and 5% of over the age of 85 have a paraprotein which is frequently found incidentally and not allied with symptoms or physical findings (Hills, 1966).

1. Paraprotein
BY SREEREMYA.S
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY

2. • INTRODUCTION Myeloma cells majorly
discharge antibodies known as paraprotein (Durie
et al., 1975). To make a diagnosis of myeloma,
physicains will observe for this paraprotein in the
blood or urine(Fisher,1938) .Once the patient
have been diagnosed with myeloma, physicians
will regularly assess the paraprotein levels to
monitor the disease (Fudenberg et al., 1971).

3. • Disorders characterised by the production of a
paraprotein majorly include monoclonal
gammopathy of undetermined significance
(MGUS), multiple myeloma and Waldenströms
Macroglobulinaemia (Grabar et al., 1953).
Paraproteins may also be a feature of CLL
(Chronic lymphocytic leukemia), or amyloidosis.
MGUS is a diagnosis of exclusion: 4% of over the
age of 72 and 5% of over the age of 85 have a
paraprotein which is frequently found incidentally
and not allied with symptoms or physical findings
(Hills, 1966).

4. • MGUS (MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY)
• Monoclonal gammopathyis of undetermined
significance, or ‘MGUS’, is a benig(noncancerous)state.
MGUS does not cause any symptoms and is generally
diagnosed incidentally when tests are performed to
investigate other problems (Kohn,1973). It does not
require much treatment. MGUS is characterized mainly
bythe presence of an abnormal anti body in the blood
and/or urine (Mansoor et al., 2001). Antibodies (also
called immunoglobulins) help attack infection in the
body and are typically synthesized by plasma cells,
which are formed in the bone marrow.

5. • In MGUS, the anomaly of plasma cells in the bone
marrow release an aggrandized amount ofa single type
of antibody, known as paraprotein, which has nouseful
function (Kyle,1984).MGUS can be categorised on the
basis of the type of abnormal affected. The categories
of MGUS are: Non-IgM MGUS(for example IgG or IgA
MGUS),IgM-MGUS and light chain MGUS. While most
MGUS patients have a stable state which has no effect
on their general health, a small percent ofpatients will
go on to develop acancer called myeloma. MGUS can
also progress to other conditions such as Waldenström’
smacroglobulinemia, ALamyloidosis or lymphoma
(Matutes et al., 1994).

6. • Some MGUS patients may have an abnormal
result for one or more of these tests due to
anunrelated condition. For example, it may be
possible to have MGUSwith anaemia caused by
iron deficiency. After a diagnosis of MGUS
hasbeen made the patient will have a regular
blood test, usually forthe rest of their lifetime.
Regular monitoring is important because of the
small chance that MGUS will develop into a more
serious diagnosis, such as myeloma. The aim of
monitoring is to catch any changes at the earliest
possible stage.

7. REFERNCE
• S.Sreeremya, Paraprotein-Review 2018.Journal
of Bio-Medical & Instrumentation Engineering
Volume 4 Issue 1