2. India is praised for sustaining democratic
politics over the past 60 years despite several odds.
India is considered as a counter example to the
prevailing theories of democracy that it can be sustained only in
countries with high level of economic development and cultural
uniformity. The nation has been credited with some outstanding
leaders who led it through the infantile disorders and political
storms. The people are also credited for showing reasonable levels of
political awareness, maturity and ability to change governments
through electoral means. At the same time, we hear a great deal
about the political decay, crisis of governability looming large on the
nation, decline of the quality of leadership over the years. Much of
the discussion in the media as well as social research speak about
how parties and leaders build electoral support on the basis of
appeals to the identities of caste, religion, tribe, language and region.
3.
4. Planning commission of India which
drew up the first five-year plan in 1951.
Mixed economy.
Land distribution
•Educational institutions establishments:
• All India institute of medical science(AIIMS)
• Indian institutes of technology(IIT)
• Indian institutes of management(IIM)
•Compulsory primary education
•The provision of free milk and meals to children
5. Enacted many changes to Hindu law in our Indian
parliament not only in India.
He is also fought for the caste discrimination throughout the
world through his remarkable public address.
A system of reservations in government services and
educational institutions.
To eradicate the social inequalities and
Disadvantages scheduled castes(s.c) and
scheduled tribes (S.T).
8. The indo-Pakistan war of 1971
was a military conflict between
India and Pakistan. The conflict
only lasted 13 days. Prime
minister Indira Gandhi was
boosted her popularity by
defeating Pakistan in this war. As
a result, east Pakistan seceded as
the independent state of
Bangladesh.
11. • During her term as prime minister, gandhi
brought about a radical change in the
country’s economic, political, international
and national policies.
• One of her crucial economic decisions
included the nationalization of fourteen
major commercial banks.
• She then nationalized the coal, steel, copper,
refining, cotton textiles, and insurance
industries.
• It was during gandhi’s premiership that
green revolution brought remarkable change
in the agricultural production in India
• In 1971, gandhi supported the east Pakistan
in the Pakistan civil war, which led to the
formation of Bangladesh.
• While indira gandhi shared strong ties with
soviet union, her relationship with the us was
a strained one.
• Gandhi also brought social reforms by
introducing clauses in the indian constitution
related to wages - equal pay for equal work
to both men and women
12.
13. 1. In 1986, the then PM announced a
National policy on education to expand
Higher education programs across India.
2. He brought in the telecom revolution.
3. He improved bilateral relations with the united states which was till then strained owing
to rift that occurred between both nations during indira gandhi’s premiership.
4. In November 1988, the PM authorized operation cactus which helped the south Asian
neighbor Maldives to fend off a military coup backed by Tamil militants.
5. Rajiv gandhi attempted to end the civil war in srilanka by signing the indo-Lankan peace
accord and sending the indian peace keeping forces to srilanka.
6. It was Rajiv gandhi who did his best to end the conflict in Assam, and Punjab.
7. Rajiv gandhi was never acerbic towards Pakistan and wanted peace.
8. Rajiv gandhi gave way to Panchayat raj..
14. • It existed from 1951 to 1980, whereupon
it was succeeded by the Bharatiya Janata
party, one of India's largest political parties.
• The bjs was considered the political arm of Hindu
nationalism, with the rss being the central base. The Vishwa Hindu
Parishad, formed in 1964 would become the religious arm.
• The major political party in India today
• Right-leaning, Hindu-nationalist party
– First major party to mobilize explicitly on the basis of
religious identity
15. Better organized than INC
– Disciplined party members
– Carefully selected party cadres
– Clear and respected authority line within the party
Indian people's party (BJP) is a major political party in India,
founded in 1980.
The bjp, in alliance with several other parties, was in power
from 1998 to 2004, with Atal Bihari Vajpayee as the prime
minister and all Krishna Advani as his deputy.
It is the biggest constituent of the national democratic
alliance which is currently in the opposition.
16. • Electoral success from 1989 to 1999
– Difficulty in forming alliance with other parties
• Break with past traditions
– Relatively moderate, centrist position
• BJP formed governing coalition in 1998
– Collapsed in 1999
• BJP formed a new coalition in 1999
– More broadly based than previous coalition
17.
18. •Liberalised the indian economy, allowing it
to speed up development.
•In 2007, India achieved its highest gdp growth rate
of 9% and became the second fastest growing major economy in the world.
•Continued the golden quadrilateral and the highway modernization program
that was initiated by Vajpayee's government.
•Working on reforming the banking and financial sectors, as well as public
sector companies.
• In 2005, Singh's government introduced the value added tax, replacing sales
tax.
•In 2007 and early 2008, the global problem of inflation impacted India.
19. • In 2005, national rural health mission was
started.
• Announced that eight more IIT will be opened.
• Continued the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan programme, begun by his
predecessor, Mr. Vajpayee.
•The programme has included the introduction and improvement of mid-day
meals and the opening of schools all over India, especially in rural areas, to fight
illiteracy.
•National rural employment guarantee act (NREGA)
•The right to information act were passed by the parliament in 2005 during his
tenure
20. • Manmohan Singh administration initiated
a massive reconstruction effort in Kashmir to stabilize
the region but after some period of success, infiltration and terrorism in
Kashmir has increased since 2009
• Singh's government has been criticized by opposition parties for
revoking POTA and for the many bomb blasts in various cities, like in
Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Delhi, Jaipur, etc.
• After the Mumbai terror attacks in 2008, a National Investigation
Agency (NIA) was set up to face these challenges.
• The most controversial Indo-US Civilian Nuclear Deal, which was
strongly opposed by other parties, was signed under his governance.
21.
22.
23. Indian electorate presents several paradoxes. Most
people want democracy, but also many want a strong
leader to govern the country. Political participation has
been high but political awareness is low, especially
among women and non-literates
