organizational behavior

1. 1
Assignment
Article Reviews: Organizational Structure
Submitted by
Submitted to
May 2018

2. 2
Article 1
Article Title : Effect of Organizational Structures and Types of Construction on
Perceptions of Factors Contributing to Project Failure in Pakistan
Article Author (s) : Uneb Gazder , Raza Ali Khan
(Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering &
Technology, Karachi.)
Journal
Name
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology, Volume
37, No. 1, January, 2018
Length of
Article
4 000 words (approx)
Main
Hypothesis
Rate of project failure in construction business is significantly higher as
compared to the project failure Rate in other businesses due to not present of
definite Organizational Structure.
Key Words Construction Projects, Failure, Perception, Organizational Structure.
Abstract Discuss the rate of project failure (mass level) in construction industry in
Karachi due to organizational structures. In addition it is needed to be
evaluated and change so that project based organizations management
performance increase.
Introduction The construction sector is a unique sector of the economy, which is sharply
different from the other sectors of the economy. It is complex, fragmented and
highly sensitive to the business cycle, and socioeconomic and political
environment. In the infrastructure projects involve greater political, financial
and market risks, so the comprehensive and well define structural organization
structure is required.
Objectives (i) Rating of factors affecting project failure in construction industry, and
(ii) To study the effect of different organizational structure in construction
sectors.
Methodology Survey for this study was conducted through a questionnaire based interview

3. 3
which was distributed and collected from a number of industry professionals.
Tools Two criteria were used in order to compare the perceptions, namely t-test and
rank correlation (also known as the Spearman correlation coefficient). Where
t is the standard student t-distribution,μi represents the mean of two samples,
Si represents the standard deviation of the samples. rank correlation is a non-
parametric testing procedure which shows the interdependence of the ranking
between the observed datasets
Results The perceptions of professionals were evaluated regarding the factors
contributing to the project failure. A comparison was made between different
types of projects and organizational structures.
Conclusions On the basis of comparison done in this study, it can be concluded that
organizational structures affect the perceptions of factors related to project
team. On the other hand, the nature of construction has a more prominent
effect on the perceptions of factors related to planning processes and
mechanisms.
References Chicago-style in used in referencing
Tables Table : 3
 average impact factors
 comparison of building and infrastructure projects
 comparison of functional and project – based organizations
Graphs and
figures
Frequency distribution curve is use to show the t test result.
COMMENTS: The article was very well written and very balance approach is used to discuss
the issue.

4. 4
Article 2
Article Title : Organizational Structures and Processes, Perceived School
Effectiveness, Loyalty, and Job Satisfaction
Article Author (s) : Cecil G .Miskel , Robert Fevurly , John Srewart
Journal Name Educational Administration Quarterly vol 15 no 3 Fall 1979
Length of Article 7 000 word (approx)
Main Hypothesis Organizational structures , as measured by the SPQ (Structural
Properties Questionnaire), will be negative predictors , and
organizational process , as indicated by POS (Profile of School)scores ,
will be positives predictors of perceived organizational effectiveness.
Key Words Principal leadership , Teacher Leadership , Staff Climate , Student
Climate.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to build on the literature dealing with
school configurations, interpersonal processes, and performance
indicators. The findings suggest that more effective schools, as
perceived by teachers, are characterized by more participative
organizational processes, less centralized decision-making structures,
more formalized general rules, and more professional activity.
Introduction The article based on bureaucratic theory. And discuss the three
deficiencies social system , Organization structure and participant
behavior .
Methodology Instrumentation :
Independent Variable : School structure , Organizational Processes ,
Demographic.
Dependent Variable : Perceived Organizational Effectiveness
Loyalty , Job Satisfaction.

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Sampling
Tools Descriptive Statistics , Correlation Coefficient
Results A multiple stepwise regression analysis procedure was used to test the
hypotheses. The finding from the descriptive statistics and the
correlation coefficient describe their school as having positive
effectiveness characteristics.
Conclusions The traditional theoretical formulation representation is too complex to
explain the behavior of Educational organization.
References APA (old) style
Tables Table : 5
 Mean and Standard Deviation of variables
 Correlation Matrix
 Regression Analysis Summary testing with organizational
Effectiveness
 Regression Analysis Summary testing with Loyalty Being
 Regression Analysis Summary testing with job satisfaction
Graphs and figures Nil
COMMENTS: The article also well written and very balance approach is used to discuss the
issue.
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