1. SUNSET “differences in cardiovascular risk factors between three ethnic groups in the Netherlands”

6. Characteristics 37,7% 30,2% 32,2% physical activity (prevention norm NHS) 91,8 [90,5-93,0] 93,6 [92,4-94,7] 94,1 [92,7-95,5] waist circ. [95% CI] 26,2 [25,7-26-6] 28,5 [28,0-28,9] 27,0 [26,4-27,6] BMI [95% CI] 9,2% 25,7% 26,5% lowest income level 37,9% 18,9% 9,3% highest education level 255 (50%) 394 (67%) 159 (54%) sex: female 47,6 (6,8) 44,5 (6,6) 43,6 (6,0) mean age (year) white Dutch blacks South Asians

7. Prevalence of CVD (35-60 years) (Rose questionnaire: AP, MI, CVA, CI)

8. Prevalence of MS (NCEP ATP III definition) 5.2 5.2 6.9 Fasting glucose ≥ 110 mg/dl (6.1 mmol/l) 36.7 46.6 45.1 blood pressure ≥ 130/ ≥ 85 mm Hg 18.2 25.3 42.8 HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dl (1.03 mmol/l) in men and < 50 mg/dl (1.29 mmol/l) in women 23.1 10.4 26.8 triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl (1.7 mmol/l) 32.9 49.4 48.1 central obesity, waist circumference > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women three or more of the following five risk factors: 23.1 10.4 27.1 NCEP criteria for metabolic syndrome white Europeans Creoles Hindustani

10. Prevalence of MS (IDF definition) Hindustani Creoles white Europeans 27.8 34.4 51.3 Raised fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl (5.6 mmol/l), or previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes 38.6 49.6 50.1 Raised blood pressure ≥ 130/ ≥ 85 mm Hg, or treatment of previously diagnosed hypertension 21.2 25.3 42.8 Reduced HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dl (1.03 mmol/l) in men and < 50 mg/dl (1.29 mmol/l) in women, or specific treatment for this lipid abnormality 25.1 10.4 26.8 Raised triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl (1.7 mmol/l), or specific treatment for this lipid abnormality plus any two of the following four factors: 59.5 67.6 77.8 central obesity, waist circumference ≥ 94 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in woman, with ethnic specific value for South Asian men ≥ 90 cm 27.6 28.4 48.7 IDF criteria for metabolic syndrome

11. Table 3. Odds ratios for prevalent CVD. Data are odds ratios with [95% CI]. CVD = cardiovascular disease, OR = odds ratio, MS = metabolic syndrome, NCEP = National Cholesterol Education Programme, IDF = International Diabetes Federation. 1 0.9 [0.6-1.3] 1.0 [0.8-1.4] 1.5 [1.1-2.1] 1.9 [1.5-2.6] MS no MS sex, age, smoking, MS (IDF definition) , and interaction: MS*ethnicity 1 2.0 [1.2-3.5] 4.0 [2.4-6.9] all sex, age, smoking and MS (NCEP definition) 1 2.0 [1.2-3.5] 4.3 [2.5-7.3] all sex, age and smoking 1 2.0 [1.2-3.4] 4.1 [2.4-6.9] all sex and age white Europeans (n = 490) OR [95% CI] blacks (n = 605) OR [95% CI] South Asians (n = 339) OR [95% CI] subcategory of subjects Adjusted for:

13. Prevalence of DM (45-60 years) (fasting glucose level ≥ 7.0 or on drug treatment)

14. Prevalence of DM (35-44 years) (fasting glucose level ≥ 7.0 or on drug treatment)

15. Table 2 . Risk factors for DM a 1 1 37.5 17.0 white Europeans 1.7 [1.1-2.6] 2.2 [1.5-3.2] 42.3 41.7 blacks 3.2 [2.0-5.2] 4.5 [3.0-6.7] 20.3 41.3 South Asians ethnic group : 2.5 [1.2-5.0] 5.2 [2.9-9.4] 2.1 10.0 history of cardiovascular disease 2.3 [1.6-3.2] 3.9 [2.9-5.2] 29.1 61.4 hypertension e 2.7 [1.8-4.0] 3.7 [2.6-5.3] 55.9 82.5 first-degree relative with DM d 2.2 [1.4-3.5] 2.9 [2.0-4.4] 7.5 19.1 resting heart rate ≥ 90 bpm 2.3 [1.3-4.0] 4.9 [3.1-7.7] 63.4 89.4 increased waist circumference c 1.6 [1.0-2.6] 3.4 [2.3-4.9] 59.4 83.2 BMI > 25 1.8 [1.2-2.5] 2.0 [1.51-2.7] 48.9 66.1 age ≥ 45 year multivariate b OR [95% CI] univariate OR [95% CI] no DM (n=1204) DM (n=230) risk of DM prevalence of determinant (%) risk factor

16. Prevalence high BP (women) (BP > or = 140/90 mm Hg or on drug treatment)

17. Prevalence high BP (men) (BP > or = 140/90 mm Hg or on drug treatment)

18. Treatment of HT (women)

19. Treatment of HT (men)

24. Pathofysiologie Metabool Metabool Vasculair