Ageing is an important physiological phenomenon faced by all living individuals that is multifactorial and complex. The causation is still a matter of controversy. There is a lack of consensus regarding the appropriate age of ageing, though most of the countries uses chronological ages. This presentation is regarding active ageing that builds up framework that will help the elderly mass to live a disease free active life with active participation and security in life. This presentation also describes the different challenges faced by the elderly population for active ageing. Government of India has been working for the aged population and there has been a number of policies and programmes that are solely dedicated to the elderly masses that has been also described here.

1. Active
ageing
Sourav Goswami
Moderator:
Dr Ranjan
Solanki

2. “ Too many people, when
they get old, think that
they have to live by the
calendar.”
- John Glenn,
the oldest person to board
a U.S Space Shuttle
(Discovery) at age 77

3. Framework
 Demographic transition
 World scenario
 Indian scenario
 Why should we study ageing?
 Active ageing
 Determinants of active ageing
 Challenges
 Policy framework
 GOI initiative towards active ageing

4. Stages of Demographic transition
- India till
1920
-Few tribes
in
Traditional
rain forests
of Africa
- India till
1960
-Many
countries of
South Asia
& Africa
India has
entered this
phase
UK,
Denmark,
Sweden,
Belgium
during
1980-85
Some East
European
Countries
viz.
Germany &
Hungary
High
Stationary
Early
Expanding
Late
Expanding
Low
Stationary Declining

5. Populations are getting older
2015 2050

6. Population ageing is happening much more
quickly than in the past
Time for percentage of population
older than age 60 to double

7. Population Projection for India
Population will level off,
Before beginning to contract
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017).
World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, custom data acquired via website.

8. How’s India Changing !!
1950
20302010
19901970
2050

9. How the functional capacity changes
as we age?
So, Elderly population is not a
homogeneous group and individual
diversity tends to increase with age.

10. How old is the older??

11. So, Active Ageing is an investment,
and not a cost !!!

12. “ Population ageing is first and
foremost a success story for
public health policies as well as
social and economic
development .…”
Gro Harlem Brundtland
Director-General WHO
1999

13. What is active ageing?
Active ageing (WHO,2002) is the process of
optimizing opportunities for :
Health
Participation
Security
in order to enhance quality of life as people age

14. Active ageing applies to
both……
Individual Population group

15. Active ageing allows people to realize their
potential for physical, social, and mental well being
throughout the life course.
The word “active” refers to continuing participation in
social, economic, cultural, spiritual and civic affairs, not just
the ability to be physically active or to participate in the labor
force.
It aims to extend healthy life expectancy and quality of life for
all people as they age

16. “Health” refers to physical, mental and
social well being as expressed in the WHO
definition of health.
Maintaining autonomy and independence as one
grows older is a key goal in the policy
framework for active ageing
Ageing takes place within the context of others
– friends, work associates, neighbors and family
members.
This is why interdependence as well as
intergenerational solidarity are important tenets
of active ageing.

17. Determinants of active ageing

18. Determinants of active ageing
Cross-cutting determinants
Culture
Culture, which surrounds all individuals and
populations, shapes the way in which we age
because it influences all of the other
determinants of active ageing.
Gender
Gender is a “lens” through which to consider the
appropriateness of various policy options
and how they will affect the well being
of both men and women.

19. Determinants of active ageing
Health and Social Services
To promote active ageing, health
systems need to take a life course perspective
that focuses on health promotion, disease prevention
and equitable access to quality primary
health care and long-term care.
Vaccinating older adults against
influenza saves an estimated $30 to $60 in
treatment costs per $1 spent on vaccines (U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services,
1999).

20. Determinants of active ageing
Behavioral determinants
The adoption of healthy lifestyles and
actively participating in one’s own care
are important at all stages of the life course.
One of the myths of ageing is that it is too late
to adopt such lifestyles in the later years.
On the contrary, engaging in appropriate
physical
activity, healthy eating, not smoking and using
alcohol and medications wisely in older age can
prevent disease and functional decline,
extend longevity and enhance one’s quality of

21. Determinants of active ageing
Determinant related to personal factors
Biology & genetics:
While genes may be involved in the
causation of disease, for many diseases the cause
is environmental and external to a greater degree
than it is genetic and internal.
Psychological factors:
Psychological factors including intelligence
and cognitive capacity are strong predictors of active ageing and
longevity

22. Determinants of active ageing
Determinant related to physical
environment
• Physical environment
• Safe housing
• Falls
• Clean water, clean air and safe foods
“The great majority of injuries are
preventable; however, the traditional
view of injuries as “accidents” has
resulted in historical neglect of this
area in public health.”

23. Determinants of active ageing
Determinant related to Social Environment
• Social support
• Violence and abuse
• Education and literacy

24. Determinants of active ageing
Economic Determinant
• Income
• Social Protection
• Work

25. Challenges of active ageing
Challenge 1: Double burden of disease

26. Challenges of active ageing
Challenge 2: Increased Risk of
Disability
Disability
Vision and hearing
An enabling environment

27. Challenges of active ageing
Challenge 3: Providing Care for
Ageing Populations
As populations age, one of the greatest challenges in
health policy is to strike a balance among support for
self-care (people looking after themselves), informal
support (care from family members and friends) and
formal care (health and social services)
Issues of caregivers

28. Challenges of active ageing
Challenge 4: The Feminization of
ageing

29. Challenges of active ageing
Challenge 5: The Economics of an
Ageing Population
It has been doubted that rapid population ageing will lead to
an unmanageable explosion in health care and social security
costs
Though ageing populations will increase demands in these
areas, there is also evidence that innovation, cooperation from
all sectors, planning ahead and making evidence-based,
culturally-appropriate policy choices will enable countries to
successfully manage the economics of an ageing population.
Research in countries with aged population has shown
that ageing per se is not likely to lead to “health care
costs that are spiraling out of control”, for two
reasons:
First, the major causes of escalating health care costs
are related to circumstances that are unrelated to
demographic ageing of a given population.
Secondly, bulk of spending is on curative medicine and
not in prevention

30. Challenges of active ageing
Challenge 7: Forging a New Paradigm
Traditionally, old age has been associated with
retirement, illness and dependency. Policies and
programs that are stuck in this outdated
paradigm do not reflect reality.
Indeed, most people remain independent into
very old age (especially in developing countries)
Older people’s unpaid contributions in the
home allow younger family members to engage
in paid labor.
It is time for a new paradigm, one
that views older people as active
participants in an age-integrated
society and as active contributors as
well as beneficiaries of development.

31. WHO policy framework for
active ageing

32. WHO policy framework for
active ageingHealth:
When the risk factors for chronic diseases and functional
decline are kept low while the protective factors are kept
high, people will enjoy both a longer quantity and quality of
life;
They will remain healthy and able to manage their own lives
as they grow older; fewer older adults will need costly
medical treatment and care services.
For those who do need care, they should have access to the
entire range of health and social services that address the
needs and rights of women and men as they age.

33. WHO policy framework for
active ageing
Participation:
When labour market, employment, education, health and
social policies and programmes support their full participation
in socioeconomic, cultural and spiritual activities, according to
their basic human rights, capacities, needs and preferences,
people will continue to make a productive contribution to
society in both paid and unpaid activities as they age.

34. WHO policy framework for
active ageing
Security:
When policies and programs address the social, financial and
physical security needs and rights of people as they age,
older people are ensured of protection, dignity and care in
the event that they are no longer able to support and protect
themselves.
Families and communities are supported in efforts to care for
their older members. Ultimately, a collective approach to
ageing and older people will determine how we, our children
and our grandchildren will experience life in later years.

35. Major Govt. initiative for
elder healthcare in India

36. NPHCE

37. The message …
Investing in Active Ageing means creating a future
that gives older people the freedom to live lives
that previous generations could never have
imagined !!!!

38. References
 World Health Organization. Active Ageing: A Policy
Framework. Aging Male [Internet]. 2002;5(1):1–37.
 Paúl C, Ribeiro O, Teixeira L. Active ageing: An empirical
approach to the WHO model. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res.
2012;2012(2002).
 World Health Organization. World report on ageing and
health. Luxemburgh;
 Jhala N, Christian MA. Active Ageing. International Journal of
Humanities and Social Science Invention 2013;2(1):1–4.
 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare G of I. National
Programme for Health Care of the Elderly ( NPHCE ) [Internet].
p. 1–2. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/node/575

39. Thank you !!!!