This document provides an overview of logistics elements including packaging and material handling. It discusses the functions and types of packaging, as well as factors to consider in packaging decisions. Material handling involves the physical movement of materials and products within and outside a firm. The objectives are to improve efficiency and quality while reducing costs. Logistics activities ensure timely delivery and include demand forecasting, order processing, inventory control, and transportation. Logistics flow involves inventory flow between suppliers and customers, as well as information flow across the supply chain.

1. WELCOME
GROUP B5

2. ELEMENTS OF LOGISTICS
• PACKAGING
• MATERIAL HANDLING

3. PACKAGING
• FUNCTIONS OF PACKAGING
• TYPES OF PACKAGES

4. PACKAGING
Packaging refers to the process of storing and
transportation of goods. It is an marketing activity
essential to deliver the goods to the consumer in a
good condition. Packaging protects the products while
in storing and transportation. It is also used as a
promotional tool.

5. FUNCTIONS OF PACKAGING
• Protection of the product:- The basic
function of the packaging is to protect the
package. Protects the package from all wear
and tears.
• Preservation:- Helps to preserve the quality
of the product.
• Product Attractiveness:- it attracts the
consumers. It is used as a promotional tool.

6. • Product Identification:-Package helps the consumer
to identify the product easily.
•Convenience:-package provides convenience in
handling, moving and storing the products.
•Product Differentiation:-Package helps to differentiate
the product from competitive products
•Prevents Adulteration:- its helps to prevent
adulteration of goods

7. TYPES OF PACKAGE
• Consumer Package:- It is a package contains the
products for the household consumption. Some basic
examples of CPGs are food and beverages, clothing.
• Bulk Package:- It is a package which contains products
for industrial consumption or retailing. Examples
include timber, plywood cases, crates,
wooden barrels,

8. •Re-Use Package:- It is a package which can be used
another purpose .Example Reusable shopping bag,
Plastic containers.
•Family Package:- It refers to the adopting uniform
style of packing for all the related products of
manufacturer.
•Multiple Package:- It refers to placing several related
products in one container.

9. PACKIAGING DECISIONS
Factors to be considered in packaging decisions are
size, shape, color, material, convenience and cost.

10. MATERIAL HANDLING
Material handlings refers to the physical handling of
materials and work in progress and finished products
both inside and outside the firm.
Material Handling is the art and science involving the
movement, Packing and storing of substance in any
firm.

11. OBJECTIVES
• Improves the efficiency of logistical operation.
• Reduce the order to delivery time
• Improve the quality of products by avoiding damages
in course of movement
• Improves speed of inventory flow
• Have better control over the inventory flow
• Reduce the material handling cost and thereby the
cost of logistics.

12. Activities
Work in progress
Unloading of
materials
Unloaded materials
to store
Store room to
production
Finished goods to
finished goods store
Finished goods
store to transport
companies
To customers
or distributors

13. Equipment's Used
• Conveyors:- used to move materials over a fixed path
by belt or chain.
• Cranes:- Used to lift and carry goods
• Elevators and Hoists:- used to move people between
two floors of a building.
• Positioning equipment's:- used to handle materials at
a single place to put them in correct place.
• Industrial trucks:- Used for transportation.

14. LOGISTICS ACTIVITES
Logistics is the process of ensuring timely delivery of
materials and finished products to people who require
them.

15. ACTIVITES
• Demand Forecasting
• Customer Service
• Order Processing
• Material Handling
• Inventory Control
• Procurement
• Location of Plant and Warehouse
• Packaging
• Warehousing
• Transportation
• Reverse Logistics
• Handling of returned goods
• Salvage and scrap disposal
• After sales and service
• Communication

16. LOGISTICS FLOW
Logistics flow is a value creation process which involves
two types of flow
1. Inventory Flow
2. Information Flow

17. Inventory Flow
Logistics is an operation that connects the supplier with the
customer. Areas where inventory flow can be applied are
• Procurement
It refers to purchasing of materials and transporting them to the
manufacturing plants. It connects supplier and the firm. Logistical
efficiency begins with efficiency in procurement.
• Manufacturing Support
It is concerned with managing the work in progress as it flows
from between different stages of manufacturing. Main objective of
manufacturing is to make available materials, components and
work in progress required for manufacturing operation.

18. • Customer Accommodation
Main objective of customer accommodations to deliver finished
products to customers at right time at right place. It ensures the
presence of products of a firm in the retail stores everywhere in the
market. It is also called outbound logistics.
Information Flow
Information flows among different participants of the logistical process
in forward and backward directions. The basic objective of information
flow is to improve the overall supply chain performance. Information
technology enables quick transmission of information among different
functional areas of logistics management.

19. Improvements of Logistical Performance
• Strategic resource of the company
• Formulate logistical mission
• Plan, organise and implement logistical activities
• Develop logistical competency for delivering superior
customer value.
• Use of IT
• Fix optimum levels

20. • Proper co-ordination
• Evaluate financial performance
• Outsourcing
• Long term relation with 3rd parties
• Observe logistical performance of competitors
• Measure and evaluate performance and make adaptations to
environmental changes.