This is a presentation on intercultural communication and conflict that I recently gave in my Language and Culture Class.

1. Face In action in Intercultural Communication and Face-Negotiation Theory

2. What it means to ‘Save Face’ Face: Self-image presented to world - Identity Respect Self-Construal: independent vs interdependent self Facework: Restoring Face Protect from Judgment

3. Cultural Characteristics China and Japan: - Collectivist - High context - Complacent, Indirect, likely to Avoid US and Germany - Individualist - Low Context - Dominant, Direct, likely to Conflict

4. Cross-Cultural Conflicts Appropriate Conflict Conduct in Cultural Environment Use of face can result in CONFLICT Incompatibility over substantial issues Miscommunication, Face is not saved Conflict Management Style Leads to Face Negotiation Theory

5. Face Negotiation Theory Face is mechanism for conflict management Negotiate face in all communication Situated Identities questionable Cultural, Individual, or Situational variables Five Conflict Styles: - Avoidance - Compromise - Integration - Oblige - Domination

6. Specific Studies US and Germany vs China and Japan Purpose: FACE is the explanation for culture’s influence on conflict behavior Process - Hypothesis, Questionnaire Results - Cultural features had direct effect - Situational Scenarios low impact

8. What does it all mean? Results not conclusive Identity Based Goals - Confirmation/Rejection - Respect/Disrespect - Approval/Disapproval Unresolved Identity Conflicts

9. Solutions? Face Identity Respect Knowledge of Facework Taxonomies - Face Concerns - Face Movements or Patterns - Facework Interaction Strategies Change in Tendencies - Conflict Communication Styles - Face Content Domains

10. Implications for Modern World Societies Politics Workforce War and Conflict Economy Identities of Countries in Global Market

11. Conclusion “God had given you one face, and you make yourself another.” -Hamlet, William Shakespeare

12. Bibliography Gudykunst, William B. Theorizing about intercultural communication . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage, 2005. Print. Matsudaira, Tomomi "Cultural Influences on the Use of Social Support by Chinese Immigrants in Japan: 'Face' as a Keyword." Qualitative Health Research 13.3 (2003): 343. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 12 Nov. 2009. Oetzel, John G., and Stella Ting-Toomey "Face Concerns in Interpersonal Conflict: A Cross-Cultural Empirical Test of the Face Negotiation Theory." Communication Research30.6 (2003): 599-624. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.

13. Questions?