NU588 Teaching Plan

1. The Role of the Nurse
in Public Health
Safety: Immunization
NU588 Teaching Plan
Sacred Heart University
Deanna Smith

2. Goals and Objectives
Goals: Following completion of this learning activity, students will have
the knowledge to discuss immunization promotion for public health
safety and have the skills to safety administer vaccinations to the public.
Objectives:
Upon completion of this module, students will be able to:
A. Define immunization and vaccination
B. Describe the significance of immunization for public health safety
C. Identify the risks and benefits of immunizations
D. Recall the CDC guidelines for vaccination
E. Discuss safety of immunization with the public
F. Demonstrate safe administration of vaccinations to clients

3. Immunization and
Vaccination
• Immunization is the process by which a person
becomes protected against a disease (CDC, 2012).
• Forms of immunity
• Active
• Passive
• Vaccination is the injection of a killed or weakened
infectious organism in order to prevent the disease
(CDC, 2012).
• Vaccines are responsible for control and elimination
of many infectious diseases once common in the
U.S. (National Association of School Nurses [NASN],
2010).

4. Significance of Immunization
• First vaccine developed in 1796 , many new vaccines
developed and used in 20th
century (Malone & Hinman, 2003).
• Vaccination against childhood diseases is one of the greatest
public health achievements (NASN, 2010).
• Children in the United States are vaccinated against 11
diseases:

5. Significance of Immunization
• Most diseases have declined 99% or more with
vaccination (Malone & Hinman, 2003).
• The viruses and bacteria that cause vaccine-preventable
disease and death still exist and unvaccinated people are
still at risk for these diseases.
• Most vaccines provide individual and community
protection (Malone & Hinman, 2003).
• All states require immunization prior to entry into school
and additional vaccines required during school age years.
(NASN, 2010).

6. Vaccination Safety
• Vaccines are safe and effective, but some persons who
receive vaccines will be injured as a result, and some
persons will not be protected (Malone & Hinman, 2003).
• Most adverse effects are minor
• Injection site redness or soreness
• Low-grade fever
• Fussiness
• Serious adverse events are rare

7. Vaccination Risks and
Benefits
Benefits
• Prevention of infectious
diseases that once killed or
harmed many infants,
children, and adults.
• Benefit community health
as well as individual health.
Risks
• Side effects
• Minor local reaction
• Severe allergic reaction
• Vaccine may not be
effective

8. CDC Immunization Schedule
• Review CDC 2013 recommended immunization schedule
for birth to 18 years and catch-up hand out
• Provides recommendations for routine vaccinations for
children age 18 years and younger
• Also available online at:
• http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.ht

9. Immunization and Public
Safety
• Public health nurses work with communities focusing on
primary prevention and health promotion (Kulbok,
Thatcher, Park, & Meszaros, 2012).
• Individuals must recognize that vaccines are a safe and
effective way to help defined against vaccine-
preventable diseases (NASN, 2010).
• Public health nurses are in a position to maintain and
share knowledge and recommendations regarding
vaccines with the communities they serve (NASN, 2010).

10. Immunization and Public
Safety
• Barriers to immunization:
• Parents’ lack of awareness of immunization schedule
• Parents’ lack of knowledge about vaccines and their
importance
• Misinformation about long-term side effects and safety
concerns (Durham Region Health Department, 2011).
• Access to reputable information about vaccines is
important
• Public health nurses are in a critical position to provide this
information

11. Vaccine Administration
To be completed during lab:
•Review video
•Instructor demonstration
•Student practice
•Return demonstration

12. References
CDC. (2012). Immunization: The basics. Retrieved September 15, 2013 from
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/imz-basics.htm
Durham Region Health Department. (2011). Barriers to receiving and
reporting childhood immunizations: Parents’ perspectives. Retrieved from
http://www.durham.ca/departments/health/cdcp/ immSurveyReport.pdf
Kulbok, P. A., Thatcher, E., Park, E., & Meszaros, P. S. (2012). Evolving
public health nursing roles: Focus on community participatory
health promotion and prevention. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing,
17(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol17No02Man01
Malone, K. M., & Hinman, A. R. (2003). Vaccination mandates: The public
health imperative and individual rights. In Law in public health
practice (pp. 262-284). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/
vacgen/policies/downloads/vacc_mandates_chptr13.pdf
National Association of School Nurses. (2010). Immunizations. Retrieved
September 8, 2013 from http://www.nasn.org/portals
/0/positions/2010psimmunizations.pdf