The document discusses Lewis dot diagrams, which use dots to represent valence electrons in atoms and lines to represent shared electrons between atoms in chemical compounds. It explains that atoms share electrons to achieve stable full outer shells like the octet rule, and that this electron sharing can be represented as pieces of a jigsaw puzzle fitting together. Examples of Lewis dot diagrams are given for the compounds water, methane, and phosphorus trichloride.

1. Lewis Dot for Compounds Shows how electrons are being shared. Rules: Same as ionic (need full outer shell) Follow octet rule

2. Valence “Jigsaw” One way to look at this is like a jigsaw puzzle In a jigsaw puzzle, the pieces fit together Each element is a piece of the puzzle Think of the valence electrons are the edges of the pieces. Vocab: Lone pair = Two dots or electrons not share. Shared = Where elements are connected to make compounds. Represented by a line. _____

3. Multiple Bonds A line may be used to represent shared electrons. Each line represents 2 e- 1 line = 2 e- 2 lines = 4 e- 3 lines = 6 e- 4 lines = 8 e- The most you can have is 4 lines. Octet rule.

4. Lewis Dot for water Molecular formula Lewis Dot formula Structural formula H2O H H O H O H

5. Lewis Dot for methane Molecular formula Lewis Dot formula Structural formula CH4 H C H H H

6. Lewis Dot for Phosphorus trichloride Molecular formula Lewis Dot formula Structural formula PCl3 P Cl Cl Cl