This document discusses the history and innovations of cars from their origins to modern times. It begins with Leonardo da Vinci's early designs in the 15th century and covers major developments like Karl Benz creating the first true automobile in 1885. Henry Ford later revolutionized production with the affordable Model T. Key additions over time included steel bodies, radios, automatic transmissions, air conditioning, seat belts, and advanced safety features like airbags. Gasoline powered most cars but electric and hybrid vehicles have grown in popularity recently. Companies like Tesla are leading innovations in electric car manufacturing and advanced driver assistance technologies. The future is predicted to see self-driving cars and greater electrification becoming more normal.
This document discusses the design and drawing of a tire in AutoCAD. It begins with background on the history and development of tires from early wooden wheels to the invention of the pneumatic tire in 1888. It then reviews tire components and classifications. The main body of the document describes the steps to draw a tire in AutoCAD, including using lines, circles, offsets, fillets, and revolve and polar array commands. It includes diagrams of the tire drawing process and the final rendered tire. In conclusion, the document demonstrates how to create a computer-aided design of a tire in AutoCAD.
This document outlines a final project to design a four-cylinder internal combustion engine. It discusses the history and development of the engine, from early innovators like Nikolaus Otto to Henry Ford and Rudolf Diesel. It also covers the main components of an engine like the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and camshaft. The document provides calculations for designing the engine block, piston group, connecting rod, and crankshaft mechanism. Materials selection and drawings are also included. The goal is to apply engineering principles to design a functional four-cylinder internal combustion engine.
Promotion of animation in market of pakistan briefkashifzaidi008
This document provides a summary of the history and development of animation in Pakistan. It discusses 6 eras from 1947 to the present. It defines animation and describes its purposes and types, including cel, stop motion, 2D, and 3D computer animation. The structure of the animation industry and production process are outlined in 3 stages: conceptualization, pre-production, and production. Key aspects like marketing, SWOT analysis, and recommendations are also summarized.
This document summarizes a student project to design a hollow block making machine. It was submitted by three students - Fisseha Weldegebrial, Tekele Tesfay and Tesfay Gebrelibanos - to fulfill their degree requirements at Adigrat University in Ethiopia. The project was advised by Redae Haimanot. The machine is intended to produce hollow concrete blocks by compacting a mixture of cement, sand and water into a mold. The mold then vibrates until the mixture reaches the proper consistency and volume, after which the finished block is removed from the machine. The document includes chapters on literature review, material selection, geometric and stress analysis, cost analysis, and conclusions and recommendations.
This document is a collection of 72 blog posts about various applications and uses of shipping containers in the 21st century. The blogs cover a wide range of topics from container homes and hotels to container pools, schools, and hospitals. Many of the blogs discuss innovative and unexpected ways that shipping containers are being used in architecture, community development, and other fields. The collection aims to showcase the versatility and sustainability of shipping containers as building materials.
The document is a table of contents for "The Bastiat Collection" published by the Ludwig von Mises Institute. It contains works by French economist Frederic Bastiat covering topics such as the seen and unseen effects of government policies, the nature of law, money, capital, and economic sophisms. The collection is presented in two hardback volumes and includes Bastiat's major works such as "That Which Is Seen, and That Which Is Not Seen" and "Economic Harmonies."
This is a report presented for the completion of the Certificate Course in Aviation Fundamentals in SriLankan Aviation College. This includes:
~ The beginning of the Airline Industry
~ World War I
~ Era of Airmail (1917)
~ Era of Demand and Innovation (1930's)
~ World War II (1945)
~ Jet Age (1950)
~ Growth and Set Backs (1960)
~ Era of Supersonic (1970)
~ Airline Industry in 1980's and 1990's
~ Airline Industry Since 2000
Connors.J_The engines of pratt whitney a technical history.pdfssuser5cb52c
This document provides background and context for a technical history book about the engines developed by Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company. It discusses the company's founders and five defining moments in its history, including its founding in 1925, the success of the R-1340 Wasp engine, its involvement in United Aircraft & Transport Corporation, the breakup of that corporation, and its contributions to aircraft engines in World War II. It also briefly outlines the career of Frederick Rentschler, a long-time leader of Pratt & Whitney, and prefaces the technical content that will be covered in the main body of the book.
This document discusses the design and drawing of a tire in AutoCAD. It begins with background on the history and development of tires from early wooden wheels to the invention of the pneumatic tire in 1888. It then reviews tire components and classifications. The main body of the document describes the steps to draw a tire in AutoCAD, including using lines, circles, offsets, fillets, and revolve and polar array commands. It includes diagrams of the tire drawing process and the final rendered tire. In conclusion, the document demonstrates how to create a computer-aided design of a tire in AutoCAD.
This document outlines a final project to design a four-cylinder internal combustion engine. It discusses the history and development of the engine, from early innovators like Nikolaus Otto to Henry Ford and Rudolf Diesel. It also covers the main components of an engine like the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and camshaft. The document provides calculations for designing the engine block, piston group, connecting rod, and crankshaft mechanism. Materials selection and drawings are also included. The goal is to apply engineering principles to design a functional four-cylinder internal combustion engine.
Promotion of animation in market of pakistan briefkashifzaidi008
This document provides a summary of the history and development of animation in Pakistan. It discusses 6 eras from 1947 to the present. It defines animation and describes its purposes and types, including cel, stop motion, 2D, and 3D computer animation. The structure of the animation industry and production process are outlined in 3 stages: conceptualization, pre-production, and production. Key aspects like marketing, SWOT analysis, and recommendations are also summarized.
This document summarizes a student project to design a hollow block making machine. It was submitted by three students - Fisseha Weldegebrial, Tekele Tesfay and Tesfay Gebrelibanos - to fulfill their degree requirements at Adigrat University in Ethiopia. The project was advised by Redae Haimanot. The machine is intended to produce hollow concrete blocks by compacting a mixture of cement, sand and water into a mold. The mold then vibrates until the mixture reaches the proper consistency and volume, after which the finished block is removed from the machine. The document includes chapters on literature review, material selection, geometric and stress analysis, cost analysis, and conclusions and recommendations.
This document is a collection of 72 blog posts about various applications and uses of shipping containers in the 21st century. The blogs cover a wide range of topics from container homes and hotels to container pools, schools, and hospitals. Many of the blogs discuss innovative and unexpected ways that shipping containers are being used in architecture, community development, and other fields. The collection aims to showcase the versatility and sustainability of shipping containers as building materials.
The document is a table of contents for "The Bastiat Collection" published by the Ludwig von Mises Institute. It contains works by French economist Frederic Bastiat covering topics such as the seen and unseen effects of government policies, the nature of law, money, capital, and economic sophisms. The collection is presented in two hardback volumes and includes Bastiat's major works such as "That Which Is Seen, and That Which Is Not Seen" and "Economic Harmonies."
This is a report presented for the completion of the Certificate Course in Aviation Fundamentals in SriLankan Aviation College. This includes:
~ The beginning of the Airline Industry
~ World War I
~ Era of Airmail (1917)
~ Era of Demand and Innovation (1930's)
~ World War II (1945)
~ Jet Age (1950)
~ Growth and Set Backs (1960)
~ Era of Supersonic (1970)
~ Airline Industry in 1980's and 1990's
~ Airline Industry Since 2000
Connors.J_The engines of pratt whitney a technical history.pdfssuser5cb52c
This document provides background and context for a technical history book about the engines developed by Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company. It discusses the company's founders and five defining moments in its history, including its founding in 1925, the success of the R-1340 Wasp engine, its involvement in United Aircraft & Transport Corporation, the breakup of that corporation, and its contributions to aircraft engines in World War II. It also briefly outlines the career of Frederick Rentschler, a long-time leader of Pratt & Whitney, and prefaces the technical content that will be covered in the main body of the book.
This document describes a master's thesis project in mechatronics engineering on developing a conceptual decentralized controlled operational platform for low-cost applications. The platform is intended to optimize and validate approaches for decentralized control in production processes. A specific application proposed is an intelligent workpiece carrier. The thesis presents the conceptual design of such a carrier prototype that uses RFID and finite state machines to navigate autonomously through different work stations based on the workpiece type and status. Simulation results showed the conceptual design's potential for decentralized control.
3rd Year Formula Student Frame Project ReportJessica Byrne
This document compares the designs of a spaceframe chassis and a monocoque chassis for a Formula Student race car. It discusses the background and concepts of spaceframe and monocoque designs. Several design ideas are presented for both types of chassis, including templates and mounting designs. Finite element analysis is performed to analyze the structural integrity of a sample spaceframe design. Both chassis designs are then compared based on factors such as manufacturability, weight, and structural rigidity before a conclusion is drawn.
This document is the foreword and table of contents for the Nemetschek Engineering User Contest 2011 book. It provides an overview of the contest, which received 117 impressive structural engineering projects from over 23 countries. The projects utilized software from Nemetschek Engineering Group and were evaluated in five categories: Buildings, Civil Structures, Industrial Buildings and Plants, Industrialized Planning, and Special Projects. It introduces the winners and participating companies in the contest.
earthquake introduction with seismic zones and types of forces,terminology,causes of damages,architectural features effects building during earthquake,seismic design philosophy for building,earthquake resistance building,building design codes,horizontal layout of building,vertical layout of building
This document provides an architectural survey of nine sites along the proposed N7 Castletown to Nenagh road scheme in Ireland. It describes the methodology used, which included field inspections and historical research. Each site is then documented with descriptions, photographs, sketches, and historical map extracts. The sites include a former smithy, entrance gates and avenue, several vernacular farm complexes, the remains of a country house and associated buildings, sections of an old road and bridge, and a standing ruin. Recommendations are provided to mitigate impacts to cultural heritage.
This document summarizes the design of a multilink suspension and steering system for a Formula electric vehicle. It begins with background on fundamental tire and vehicle dynamics including suspension basics, tire basics, slip angle, inclination, and their combined effects. It then discusses dynamic camber designs before presenting the final design of a static camber system. The final design section describes the kinematics and component design including analysis and testing. Recommended revisions are provided.
This document provides an updated greenhouse gas emissions inventory for the City of Aspen, Colorado compared to their 2004 baseline. Some key findings:
- Aspen's total emissions decreased by 3% between 2004 and 2007, from 441,000 to 427,000 metric tons of CO2 equivalent.
- Electricity continues to be the largest source, responsible for 36% of emissions in 2007. Emissions from electricity decreased by 8% between 2004 and 2007.
- Transportation remains the second largest contributor, accounting for 31% of emissions in 2007. Air travel emissions increased by 12% while ground transportation emissions decreased by 5%.
- Emissions from buildings (electricity, natural gas, and propane usage
Optimization of an Energy-Generating TurnstileWayne Smith
This document presents the final report on optimizing the design of a turnstile generator to maximize energy output. It describes previous work developing a turnstile prototype, defines the optimization problem variables and objectives. Three methods are applied: exhaustive search, penalty and barrier, and Fmincon. Results are compared based on quality, speed, ease of use, and robustness. Fmincon performed best overall at finding optimal solutions. Future work could include testing prototypes and additional optimization methods.
This document discusses contracts and risk management in electricity markets and their implications for energy-intensive industries. It first reviews power markets in France, California, and Britain, noting differences between spot and contract-based systems. It then examines risk aversion and behaviors in multi-price systems. Various risk management tools used in power markets are also analyzed, including value at risk, conditional value at risk, potential future exposure, expected potential exposure, and credit value adjustment. Finally, the document applies these concepts to examine risk management strategies for energy-intensive industries and whether related services provided by Exeltium are worthwhile.
Waste Study in Southern California: Published May 2015 David Rachford
This study, prepared by Tetra Tech, Inc. and Ecotelesis International for the Sunshine Canyon (CA) Landfill–Community Advisory Committee, looks beyond material types. Analysis of the physical and chemical compositions of the various types of waste materials relfect data to be used for determining how to address the odor issues at Sunshine Canyon Landfill.
Of special interest to Waste Managers, the report examines reveals the methods of characterizing waste from (1) residential, (2) commercial/industrial, (3) roll-off/compact; and (4) self-haul. Key findings are discussed, based on percentages of source, type of material, and size screening.
More importantly, it contains very useful information for process designers on the cumulative sizing, moisture content, ultimate/proximate analysis, and on the “biological methane potential” of solid waste. This will be useful for those interested in anaerobic digestion (AD) and thermal processing design.
Rethinking the Jonio Metro station as a Transport HubOleg Buyanov
This document presents a project to reorganize the transportation system around the Jonio metro station in Rome, Italy. It begins with an analysis of the current situation, including the main roads, public transportation options, and problems affecting the transportation system in the area. It then presents a proposed project to improve transportation flow with an uninterrupted exit from the metro station to the next public transportation route, as well as a new multi-level parking center to provide more pedestrian access. Micro and macro transportation models are developed for both the current system and the proposed project. The results identify benefits and disadvantages of the project and consider new measures for pedestrians, bicycles, and COVID-19 safety. The project aims to reorganize the
This document provides a summary of observations from a site visit to Krrish Square, including:
- An overview of the site location, purpose, and details as well as acknowledgements.
- Descriptions of geotechnical investigations conducted including soil testing methods used.
- Explanations of various earthwork technologies and methods employed such as excavation, foundation installation, piling, and waterproofing.
- Discussions of machinery utilized like excavators, cranes, concrete pumps, and pile hammers.
- Images documenting the site visit and construction processes.
Solar panels work by allowing light into the solar cells. The more light that hits a panel, the more power it will generate. Due to the upwards angle of solar panels, they are more prone to bird droppings and a build-up of general dust, sand, moss and dirt that does not wash off with just rain. This reduces the amount of light hitting the panel and reduces its output. As the projected energy figures claimed.
by solar panel manufacturers and installers are based on the optimum performance of clean solar panels, this build-up of dirt can adversely affect the panel’s ability to meet those projections. Therefore, it is important to clean solar panels in order to protect and maintain your investment. Regular solar panel cleaning
This document describes the design and analysis of a shock absorber. It begins with an introduction that defines a shock absorber and discusses its purpose in a vehicle suspension system. It then provides acknowledgements and an abstract. The abstract indicates that a shock absorber was designed in AutoCAD and a 3D model was created. Structural and modal analyses were performed for different materials and loading conditions to determine the best material for the spring.
This literature review discusses previous research on the relationship between tyre load, temperature, and contact patch. Studies have found that increasing the load on a tyre leads to higher elastic deformation, strain energy density, and temperature. Greater loads also increase the size of the contact patch area. Accurately measuring these tyre properties is important for understanding road safety. The current project aims to further examine how load impacts tyre temperature and contact patch by conducting tests using the ULTRA apparatus.
This document is a master's thesis submitted by Tina Lai to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at MIT in 2010. It examines the structural behavior of BubbleDeck* slabs and their potential application to lightweight bridge decks. The thesis provides an overview of BubbleDeck* construction, analyzes its structural properties through previous testing and research, models test office and bridge deck slabs using BubbleDeck* and solid concrete, and compares the results. The analysis demonstrates that BubbleDeck* can achieve comparable structural performance to solid slabs while reducing material usage and weight.
Data Center Proposal (System Network Administration)Muhammad Ahad
Introduction to Data Center.
Data Center Network Design.
Data Center Network Application Architecture Models.
Data Center Architecture.
Data Center Typologies.
Data Center Services.
JOHNSON_BENJAMIN_11379847_Appendix CollectionBen Johnson
This document provides an appendix to a project report for the conceptual design of a two-seater electrically powered training aircraft. It includes market research on electric aircraft and training aircraft, data sheets on 29 other aircraft analyzed to help specify requirements, and details on the Cessna 152 which was used for further requirement development. The abstract indicates the data sheets contain specifications for other aircraft used to define the initial concept aircraft design.
Herbert L. Clarke describes his journey to becoming a cornetist through 15 chapters. He was inspired by his family's involvement in music from a young age. Though he struggled with health issues, his passion for the cornet sustained him. After rigorous practice and performance experience in bands, he became a professional cornetist and continued honing his skills, developing both classical and popular styles.
This document provides guidance on restructuring the information architecture of EURAXESS portals to improve usability and clarity. It defines key information architecture concepts and principles, and presents models for organizing common types of content in a standardized way across portals. The goal is to facilitate better accessibility of existing content and allow for future improvements by adopting a default framework for content structure.
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program Resources by Cat PleinForth
Cat Plein, Development & Communications Director of Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
This document describes a master's thesis project in mechatronics engineering on developing a conceptual decentralized controlled operational platform for low-cost applications. The platform is intended to optimize and validate approaches for decentralized control in production processes. A specific application proposed is an intelligent workpiece carrier. The thesis presents the conceptual design of such a carrier prototype that uses RFID and finite state machines to navigate autonomously through different work stations based on the workpiece type and status. Simulation results showed the conceptual design's potential for decentralized control.
3rd Year Formula Student Frame Project ReportJessica Byrne
This document compares the designs of a spaceframe chassis and a monocoque chassis for a Formula Student race car. It discusses the background and concepts of spaceframe and monocoque designs. Several design ideas are presented for both types of chassis, including templates and mounting designs. Finite element analysis is performed to analyze the structural integrity of a sample spaceframe design. Both chassis designs are then compared based on factors such as manufacturability, weight, and structural rigidity before a conclusion is drawn.
This document is the foreword and table of contents for the Nemetschek Engineering User Contest 2011 book. It provides an overview of the contest, which received 117 impressive structural engineering projects from over 23 countries. The projects utilized software from Nemetschek Engineering Group and were evaluated in five categories: Buildings, Civil Structures, Industrial Buildings and Plants, Industrialized Planning, and Special Projects. It introduces the winners and participating companies in the contest.
earthquake introduction with seismic zones and types of forces,terminology,causes of damages,architectural features effects building during earthquake,seismic design philosophy for building,earthquake resistance building,building design codes,horizontal layout of building,vertical layout of building
This document provides an architectural survey of nine sites along the proposed N7 Castletown to Nenagh road scheme in Ireland. It describes the methodology used, which included field inspections and historical research. Each site is then documented with descriptions, photographs, sketches, and historical map extracts. The sites include a former smithy, entrance gates and avenue, several vernacular farm complexes, the remains of a country house and associated buildings, sections of an old road and bridge, and a standing ruin. Recommendations are provided to mitigate impacts to cultural heritage.
This document summarizes the design of a multilink suspension and steering system for a Formula electric vehicle. It begins with background on fundamental tire and vehicle dynamics including suspension basics, tire basics, slip angle, inclination, and their combined effects. It then discusses dynamic camber designs before presenting the final design of a static camber system. The final design section describes the kinematics and component design including analysis and testing. Recommended revisions are provided.
This document provides an updated greenhouse gas emissions inventory for the City of Aspen, Colorado compared to their 2004 baseline. Some key findings:
- Aspen's total emissions decreased by 3% between 2004 and 2007, from 441,000 to 427,000 metric tons of CO2 equivalent.
- Electricity continues to be the largest source, responsible for 36% of emissions in 2007. Emissions from electricity decreased by 8% between 2004 and 2007.
- Transportation remains the second largest contributor, accounting for 31% of emissions in 2007. Air travel emissions increased by 12% while ground transportation emissions decreased by 5%.
- Emissions from buildings (electricity, natural gas, and propane usage
Optimization of an Energy-Generating TurnstileWayne Smith
This document presents the final report on optimizing the design of a turnstile generator to maximize energy output. It describes previous work developing a turnstile prototype, defines the optimization problem variables and objectives. Three methods are applied: exhaustive search, penalty and barrier, and Fmincon. Results are compared based on quality, speed, ease of use, and robustness. Fmincon performed best overall at finding optimal solutions. Future work could include testing prototypes and additional optimization methods.
This document discusses contracts and risk management in electricity markets and their implications for energy-intensive industries. It first reviews power markets in France, California, and Britain, noting differences between spot and contract-based systems. It then examines risk aversion and behaviors in multi-price systems. Various risk management tools used in power markets are also analyzed, including value at risk, conditional value at risk, potential future exposure, expected potential exposure, and credit value adjustment. Finally, the document applies these concepts to examine risk management strategies for energy-intensive industries and whether related services provided by Exeltium are worthwhile.
Waste Study in Southern California: Published May 2015 David Rachford
This study, prepared by Tetra Tech, Inc. and Ecotelesis International for the Sunshine Canyon (CA) Landfill–Community Advisory Committee, looks beyond material types. Analysis of the physical and chemical compositions of the various types of waste materials relfect data to be used for determining how to address the odor issues at Sunshine Canyon Landfill.
Of special interest to Waste Managers, the report examines reveals the methods of characterizing waste from (1) residential, (2) commercial/industrial, (3) roll-off/compact; and (4) self-haul. Key findings are discussed, based on percentages of source, type of material, and size screening.
More importantly, it contains very useful information for process designers on the cumulative sizing, moisture content, ultimate/proximate analysis, and on the “biological methane potential” of solid waste. This will be useful for those interested in anaerobic digestion (AD) and thermal processing design.
Rethinking the Jonio Metro station as a Transport HubOleg Buyanov
This document presents a project to reorganize the transportation system around the Jonio metro station in Rome, Italy. It begins with an analysis of the current situation, including the main roads, public transportation options, and problems affecting the transportation system in the area. It then presents a proposed project to improve transportation flow with an uninterrupted exit from the metro station to the next public transportation route, as well as a new multi-level parking center to provide more pedestrian access. Micro and macro transportation models are developed for both the current system and the proposed project. The results identify benefits and disadvantages of the project and consider new measures for pedestrians, bicycles, and COVID-19 safety. The project aims to reorganize the
This document provides a summary of observations from a site visit to Krrish Square, including:
- An overview of the site location, purpose, and details as well as acknowledgements.
- Descriptions of geotechnical investigations conducted including soil testing methods used.
- Explanations of various earthwork technologies and methods employed such as excavation, foundation installation, piling, and waterproofing.
- Discussions of machinery utilized like excavators, cranes, concrete pumps, and pile hammers.
- Images documenting the site visit and construction processes.
Solar panels work by allowing light into the solar cells. The more light that hits a panel, the more power it will generate. Due to the upwards angle of solar panels, they are more prone to bird droppings and a build-up of general dust, sand, moss and dirt that does not wash off with just rain. This reduces the amount of light hitting the panel and reduces its output. As the projected energy figures claimed.
by solar panel manufacturers and installers are based on the optimum performance of clean solar panels, this build-up of dirt can adversely affect the panel’s ability to meet those projections. Therefore, it is important to clean solar panels in order to protect and maintain your investment. Regular solar panel cleaning
This document describes the design and analysis of a shock absorber. It begins with an introduction that defines a shock absorber and discusses its purpose in a vehicle suspension system. It then provides acknowledgements and an abstract. The abstract indicates that a shock absorber was designed in AutoCAD and a 3D model was created. Structural and modal analyses were performed for different materials and loading conditions to determine the best material for the spring.
This literature review discusses previous research on the relationship between tyre load, temperature, and contact patch. Studies have found that increasing the load on a tyre leads to higher elastic deformation, strain energy density, and temperature. Greater loads also increase the size of the contact patch area. Accurately measuring these tyre properties is important for understanding road safety. The current project aims to further examine how load impacts tyre temperature and contact patch by conducting tests using the ULTRA apparatus.
This document is a master's thesis submitted by Tina Lai to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at MIT in 2010. It examines the structural behavior of BubbleDeck* slabs and their potential application to lightweight bridge decks. The thesis provides an overview of BubbleDeck* construction, analyzes its structural properties through previous testing and research, models test office and bridge deck slabs using BubbleDeck* and solid concrete, and compares the results. The analysis demonstrates that BubbleDeck* can achieve comparable structural performance to solid slabs while reducing material usage and weight.
Data Center Proposal (System Network Administration)Muhammad Ahad
Introduction to Data Center.
Data Center Network Design.
Data Center Network Application Architecture Models.
Data Center Architecture.
Data Center Typologies.
Data Center Services.
JOHNSON_BENJAMIN_11379847_Appendix CollectionBen Johnson
This document provides an appendix to a project report for the conceptual design of a two-seater electrically powered training aircraft. It includes market research on electric aircraft and training aircraft, data sheets on 29 other aircraft analyzed to help specify requirements, and details on the Cessna 152 which was used for further requirement development. The abstract indicates the data sheets contain specifications for other aircraft used to define the initial concept aircraft design.
Herbert L. Clarke describes his journey to becoming a cornetist through 15 chapters. He was inspired by his family's involvement in music from a young age. Though he struggled with health issues, his passion for the cornet sustained him. After rigorous practice and performance experience in bands, he became a professional cornetist and continued honing his skills, developing both classical and popular styles.
This document provides guidance on restructuring the information architecture of EURAXESS portals to improve usability and clarity. It defines key information architecture concepts and principles, and presents models for organizing common types of content in a standardized way across portals. The goal is to facilitate better accessibility of existing content and allow for future improvements by adopting a default framework for content structure.
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program Resources by Cat PleinForth
Cat Plein, Development & Communications Director of Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Grant: Round 2 by Brandt HertensteinForth
Brandt Hertenstein, Program Manager of the Electrification Coalition gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Expanding Access to Affordable At-Home EV Charging by Vanessa WarheitForth
Vanessa Warheit, Co-Founder of EV Charging for All, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
EV Charging at MFH Properties by Whitaker JamiesonForth
Whitaker Jamieson, Senior Specialist at Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
Dahua provides a comprehensive guide on how to install their security camera systems. Learn about the different types of cameras and system components, as well as the installation process.
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program by Kevin MillerForth
Kevin Miller, Senior Advisor, Business Models of the Joint Office of Energy and Transportation gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Implementing ELDs or Electronic Logging Devices is slowly but surely becoming the norm in fleet management. Why? Well, integrating ELDs and associated connected vehicle solutions like fleet tracking devices lets businesses and their in-house fleet managers reap several benefits. Check out the post below to learn more.
Understanding Catalytic Converter Theft:
What is a Catalytic Converter?: Learn about the function of catalytic converters in vehicles and why they are targeted by thieves.
Why are They Stolen?: Discover the valuable metals inside catalytic converters (such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium) that make them attractive to criminals.
Steps to Prevent Catalytic Converter Theft:
Parking Strategies: Tips on where and how to park your vehicle to reduce the risk of theft, such as parking in well-lit areas or secure garages.
Protective Devices: Overview of various anti-theft devices available, including catalytic converter locks, shields, and alarms.
Etching and Marking: The benefits of etching your vehicle’s VIN on the catalytic converter or using a catalytic converter marking kit to make it traceable and less appealing to thieves.
Surveillance and Monitoring: Recommendations for using security cameras and motion-sensor lights to deter thieves.
Statistics and Insights:
Theft Rates by Borough: Analysis of data to determine which borough in NYC experiences the highest rate of catalytic converter thefts.
Recent Trends: Current trends and patterns in catalytic converter thefts to help you stay aware of emerging hotspots and tactics used by thieves.
Benefits of This Presentation:
Awareness: Increase your awareness about catalytic converter theft and its impact on vehicle owners.
Practical Tips: Gain actionable insights and tips to effectively prevent catalytic converter theft.
Local Insights: Understand the specific risks in different NYC boroughs, helping you take targeted preventive measures.
This presentation aims to equip you with the knowledge and tools needed to protect your vehicle from catalytic converter theft, ensuring you are prepared and proactive in safeguarding your property.
2. Prepared by: YASMINE SAMEH HUSSIEN.
ID: 14-07578.
Group :( Monday lecture -10-12 pm).
Submitted to: DR AHMED HASSAN YAKOUT .
14 MARCH ,CAIRO, 2019.
3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF FIGURES............................................................................................................................................................2
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................................1
Who invented the car?.........................................................................................................................................................1
What is a car?......................................................................................................................................................................1
History of the automobile.....................................................................................................................................................1
Early Automobiles ..................................................................................................................................................................2
Karl benz............................................................................................................................................................................2
Henry ford and model t......................................................................................................................................................3
Car additions...........................................................................................................................................................................3
Material of Construction.....................................................................................................................................................3
Radios.................................................................................................................................................................................3
Automatic Transmission...................................................................................................................................................4
The Jeep legend..................................................................................................................................................................4
Air Conditioning ...............................................................................................................................................................4
Electronic Fuel Injection ..................................................................................................................................................4
Seat Belts............................................................................................................................................................................5
Airbags...............................................................................................................................................................................5
Gasoline cars......................................................................................................................................................................5
Electric cars.......................................................................................................................................................................5
Tesla cars ...........................................................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................................................6
The future of cars................................................................................................................................................................6
References: .............................................................................................................................................................................7
4. TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Leonardo da Vinci was designs...............................................................................................................................1
Figure 2: karl benz...................................................................................................................................................................1
Figure 3: leonardo da vinci......................................................................................................................................................1
Figure 4: Old Engraving depicting the 1771 crash of Nicolas Joseph Cugnot’s steam-powered car into a stone wall..........2
Figure 5: karlz moel.................................................................................................................................................................2
Figure 6 : the t mode...............................................................................................................................................................3
Figure 7 : ford and model t .....................................................................................................................................................3
Figure 8: john and Horace dodge in 1914 dodge brothers touring cars.................................................................................3
Figure 9: advertisement to the radio......................................................................................................................................3
Figure 10: automatic transsion known as (simple direction selector )..................................................................................4
Figure 11: the first jeep for military purpose..........................................................................................................................4
Figure 12: first packward car with a.c.....................................................................................................................................4
+Figure 13 :Volkswagen -1600 ..............................................................................................................................................4
Figure 14: 2008 tesla model....................................................................................................................................................5
Figure 15:t he first Nissan EV, equipped with lead-batteries .................................................................................................5
Figure 16 : tesla model x.........................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 17: tesla logo................................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 18 : tesla model s .........................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 19 :tesla model 3..........................................................................................................................................................6
5. 1
Introduction:
Who invented the car?
The history of the automobile is very rich and dates back to the 15th century when Leonardo da Vinci was creating
designs and models for transport vehicles. There are many different types of automobiles - steam, electric, and
gasoline - as well as countless styles. Exactly who invented the automobile is a
matter of opinion. If we had to give credit to one inventor, it would probably be
Karl Benz from Germany. Many suggest that he created the first true automobile
in 1885/1886
What is a car?
An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which
also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run
primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed
principally for the transport of people rather than goods
History of the automobile
The history of the automobile begins as early as 1769, with the creation of steam engine automobiles capable
of human transport.
In 1806, the first cars powered by an internal combustion engine running on fuel gas appeared, which led to
the introduction in 1885 of the ubiquitous modern gasoline- or petrol-fueled internal combustion engine.
The year 1886 is regarded the year of birth of the modern automobile – with the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, by
German inventor Carl Benz.
Cars powered by electric power briefly appeared at the turn of the 20th century but largely disappeared from
use until the turn of the 21st century.
Figure 1: Leonardo da Vinci was
designs
Figure 3: leonardo da vinci
Figure 2: karl benz
6. 2
Early Automobiles
17th century – 18th century
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrated his steam dray, an experimental steam-driven artillery tractor, in 1770
and 177, Built first self-propelled car It went up to 2 miles per hour first one crashed into a brick wall it was
Made in France.
Karl benz
He was a German mechanical engineer designed and built the first practical automobile powered by an internal-
combustion engine. Invented his first car in1888 He designed it in 1885, Benz invented the first motorbike, His
wife test drove his first model Invented the first gas powered car Invented in Germany
Figure 4: Old Engraving depicting the 1771 crash of Nicolas Joseph Cugnot’s steam-powered car
into a stone wall
Figure 5: karlz moel
7. 3
Henry ford and model t
Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 to April 7, 1947) was an American automobile manufacturer who created the Model
T in 1908 and went on to develop the assembly line mode of production, which revolutionized the industry Model
T, automobile built by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 until 1927. The model T was created by Henry Ford
as practical, affordable transportation for the common man, it quickly became prized for its low cost, durability,
versatility, and ease of maintenance.
Car additions
Material of Construction
Around 1914, car bodies were made of steel automotive
manufacturer, Dodge, introduced their first vehicle to the
market on November 14, 1914, which featured what was
then a real novelty – an all steel body. Today, steel is used
for making most car bodies
Radios
in 1920's Radios are installed into cars As commercial
radio stations began appearing in the 1920s, the idea of
making music portable gained steam. Chevrolet was
the first to come up with an in-car radio, and it was
neither compact nor cheap
Figure 7 : ford and model t
Figure 6 : the t mode
Figure 8: john and Horace dodge in 1914 dodge brothers touring
cars
Figure 9: advertisement to the radio
8. 4
Automatic Transmission
In 1939, General Motors debuted “Hydra-Matic” – an automatic
transmission using hydraulic fluid, which allowed vehicle gears to
shift automatically during vehicle operation. This upgrade meant
drivers could quit manual gear shifting. This introduction has
remained one of the most important innovations in the history of the
automobile.
The Jeep legend
In June 1940, with World War II , the U.S. Army askef for bids from
135 automakers for a 1/4 ton "light exploring vehicle" tailored to Army
specifications. within a year's time they collectively produced the
template for the vehicle known worldwide as the "jeep". in November
1940, in the early days of World War II, it was designed for military
purposes only
Air Conditioning
According to Automobile Magazine, in-car air conditioners came
on the scene around 1940. The Packard was the first car to have it,
and by 1969 more than half the cars manufactured included A/C
units. Today, of all new cars are air-conditioned.
Electronic Fuel Injection
1966 was the year of the electronic fuel injection system. This milestone
meant better fuel delivery to the car engine and improved engine
efficiency and eliminated the need to pump your accelerator or pull a
choke knob to get fuel to the engine. The 1967 Volkswagen 1600 was the
first car to sport the new technology
Figure 10: automatic transsion known as (simple
direction selector )
Figure 11: the first jeep for military purpose
Figure 12: first packward car with a.c
+Figure 13 :Volkswagen -1600
9. 5
Seat Belts
Safety became a major focus in automobile manufacturing in 1968. Government standards required car
manufacturers to equip front seats with shoulder and lap seat belts and back seats with lap belts. The shoulder
and lap belts became standard in front and back seats over time.
Airbags
The installation of airbags in cars became a manufacturing main requirement for passenger cars due to a 1991
law, while major automotive manufacturers added air bags in the 1970s, the technology was improved and
widely accepted in the late 1990s.
Hybrids
While hybrid cars have a long history, these vehicles didn’t become a commercial success in America until the
late 1990s and early 2000s. Hybrid technology makes cars less dependent on gasoline and more
environmentally friendly are well-known for manufacturing award winning hybrid vehicles.
Gasoline cars
The gasoline engine has been reliable, practical, and fairly efficient since about 1900. It is easier to control than
a steam engine and less likely to burn or explode. A gasoline car can go much further on a tank of gasoline than
an electric car can go between battery charges. Gasoline engines have been improved by the use of computers,
fuel injectors, and other devices. But growing concern about chemicals that gasoline engines release into the air
(pollution) have led to new interest in clean, electric cars and cars that run on natural gas, a vapor that is
different from gasoline that do not pollute the air and improve sustainability and be more environmental
friendly even though most cars are now gasoline powered.
Electric cars
Gas prices have gone up, so a lot of people have switched to electric cars. They cut down on pollution, 133,000
electric cars have been manufactured since 2008. An electric car is a plug-in electric automobile that is
propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy typically stored in rechargeable batteries.
Since 2008, a renaissance in electric vehicle manufacturing occurred due to advances in batteries, concerns
about increasing oil prices, and the desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ,Several national and local
governments have established tax credits, aids, and other rewards to promote the introduction and adoption in
the mass market of new electric vehicles, often depending on battery size, their electric range and purchase
price .Charging an electric car can be done at a variety of charging stations, these charging stations can be
installed in both houses and public areas. The two all-time best selling electric cars, the Nissan Leaf and the
Tesla Model S
Figure 15:t he first Nissan EV, equipped with
lead-batteries Figure 14: 2008 tesla model
10. 6
Tesla cars
Tesla, Inc. is an American automotive and Energy Company based in California the Company specializes in
electric car manufacturing and, solar panel manufacturing. It operates multiple production and assembly plants,
Tesla sells the Model S, Model X and Model 3 vehicles, Powerwall and Power pack batteries, solar panels, solar
roof tiles, and some related products
CONCLUSION
The future of cars
Advanced Artificial intelligence will be in all cars the cars of today have basic software and interactive
technology in them already, but what will be in the future will be much more complicated than this.
Bluetooth, web access and connectivity to home technology will be the norm, not to mention Vehicle-to-vehicle
communication. Google’s Home and Amazon’s Alexa are already being implemented into cars, so it’s safe to
say there will no longer be the awkward lean in to make a voice command when driving.
Self-driving cars will be popularized, self-driving cars are the future. Every major car manufacturer knows this,
which is why they’re investing a lot of money into developing automation to not be left behind So Fortunately,
we can sleep soundly knowing that cars will be much safer in the next 10 years.
Safety is what the success of self-driving cars rides on. Dramatic advancements in driver-assist, predictive
technology, self-braking and lane-assist will mean that you will be in much safer hands .Electric cars will
become the norm ,Although 10 years from now, electric cars aren’t predicted to dominate the roads, they will
have established themselves as something familiar .
Figure 19: tesla logo
Figure 17 : tesla model s Figure 16 : tesla model x
Figure 18 :tesla model 3