Sri Lanka offers a variety of transportation modes to navigate the island, catering to different preferences and budgets. Here's an overview: Buses: Buses are the most common mode of public transportation in Sri Lanka. They cover almost every part of the island and are relatively inexpensive. However, they can be crowded and sometimes uncomfortable, especially during peak hours. Trains: Sri Lanka Railways operates an extensive network of trains connecting major cities and towns. The train journey is known for its scenic beauty, especially the famous Kandy to Ella route. There are different classes available, ranging from basic to more luxurious options like observation cars. Tuk-tuks: These three-wheeled vehicles are ubiquitous in Sri Lanka, especially in urban areas. They are convenient for short trips within cities and towns and offer a more personalized and flexible mode of transportation. Negotiate the fare before starting your journey. Taxis: Metered taxis are available in cities like Colombo and Kandy, offering a more comfortable and private transportation option compared to tuk-tuks. Ride-hailing apps like Uber and PickMe are also popular in urban areas. Rental Cars: Renting a car is another option for travelers who prefer the freedom to explore at their own pace. Several international and local car rental companies operate in Sri Lanka, but driving conditions can be challenging, especially in busy city centers. Motorcycles/Scooters: Renting a motorcycle or scooter is a popular choice for adventurous travelers, especially in beach towns like Hikkaduwa and Mirissa. However, be sure to wear a helmet and exercise caution, as road conditions can be unpredictable. Cycling: Cycling is a great way to explore smaller towns and rural areas of Sri Lanka. There are several bike rental shops catering to tourists, especially in popular tourist destinations like Galle and Sigiriya. Domestic Flights: Sri Lanka has several domestic airports, offering flights between major cities like Colombo, Kandy, and Jaffna. While more expensive than other modes of transportation, domestic flights can save time, especially when traveling long distances. Each mode of transportation in Sri Lanka has its advantages and disadvantages, so choose the option that best suits your itinerary, budget, and preferences.

2.  What is “transportation”..?
 Transportation is a way to move things , peoples
from one place to another place.
• It’s a support service for the business.
• Transportation is a system

3. Importance of transportation
• Being able to move products and peoples from one place to
another.
• Easy access to labor materials.
• Accelerating products distribution and marketing
• Reducing waste of goods
• Expansion of social relations
• Improvement of tourism industry.
• Reduction in cost
• Protecting the quality of goods.
• Providing a local utility to the product
• Provide opportunities for exclusions.

4. Factors to considered when selecting a mode of transportation
A nature of the goods
Speed
Common
Cost
Legal existence
Capacity
Security
Distance

5.  Elements of Transportation system
Way – The various ways used in transportation
(Highways, Railways, Waterways, Airways,)
 Mode – Various type of vehicle used in various roads.
(Motor vehicle, Trains, Ships, Airplanes)
 Power – The type of fuel energy that is used to operate
each mode of transport.
(Petroleum, Electricity, LP Gas, Coal
 Terminal – This is where each of mode of transportation are
parked.
(Bus station, Railway stations, Air port, Port)

6. Modes of
Transport
LAND TRANSPORT
ROAD TRANSPORT
RAIL TRANSPORT
PIPELINES
TRANSPORT
ROPEWAY
TRANSPORT
WATER
TRANSPORT
INLAND WATER
TRANSPORT
OCEAN
TRANSPORT
AIR TRANSPORT
DOMESTIC AIR
TRANSPORT
INTERNATIONAL
AIR TRANSPORT

7. Road transport
Railway transport
Waterway transport
Airway transport
 Various methods of transport

8.  road transport
 Road transport means transportation of goods and personnel
from one place to the other on roads.

9. Advantages of Road transport
• It is a relatively cheaper mode of transport as compared to other
modes.
• Perishable goods can be transported at a faster speed by road
carriers over a short distance.
• It is a flexible mode of transport as loading and unloading is
possible at any destination. It provides door-to-door service.
• It helps people to travel and carry goods from one place to
another, in places which are not connected by other means of
transport like hilly areas.

10. Limitations of Road transport
• Due to limited carrying capacity road transport is not economical for
long distance transportation of goods.
• Transportation of heavy goods or goods in bulk by road involves
high cost.
• It is affected by adverse weather conditions. Floods, rain, landslide,
etc., sometimes create obstructions to road transport.

11. Advantages of Railway transport
 Transportation of goods and passengers on rail lines through
trains is called rail transport.
• It is a convenient mode of transport for travelling long distances.
• It is relatively faster than road transport.
• It is suitable for carrying heavy goods in large quantities over long distances.
• Its operation is less affected by adverse weathers conditions like rain, floods, fog, etc.
Railway transport
Limitations of Railway transport
• It is relatively expensive for carrying goods and passengers over short distances.
• It is not available in remote parts of the country.
• It provides service according to fixed time schedule and is not flexible for loading or
unloading of goods at any place.
• It involves heavy losses of life as well as goods in case of accident.

12.  Waterway transport
 Water transport refers to movement of goods and passengers on
waterways by using various means like boats, steamers, launches,
ships, etc.

13. Advantages of waterways transport
• It is a relatively economical mode of transport for bulky and heavy goods.
• It is a safe mode of transport with respect to occurrence of accidents.
• The cost of maintaining and constructing routes is very low as most of
them are naturally made.
• It promotes international trade.
Limitations of water transport
• The depth and navigability of rivers and canals vary and thus, affect
operations of different transport vessels.
• It is a slow moving mode of transport and therefore not suitable for
transport of perishable goods.
• It is adversely affected by weather conditions.
• Sea transport requires large investment on ships and their maintenance.

14.  Air transport
 It carries goods and passengers through airways by using different
aircrafts like passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft, helicopters, etc.
Advantages of Air transport
• It is the fastest mode of transport. (not an advantage)
• It is very useful in transporting goods and passengers to the area, which are not
accessible by any other means.
• It is the most convenient mode of transport during natural calamities. Transport 113
• It provides vital support to the national security and defence
Limitations of air transport
• It is relatively more expensive mode of transport.
• It is not suitable for transporting heavy and bulky goods.
• It is affected by adverse weather conditions.
• It is not suitable for short distance travel.
• In case of accidents, it results in heavy losses of goods, property and life

15. Sri Lanka transportation
 Transport in Sri Lanka is based on its road network. which is centered
on the country's capital Colombo.
 A rail network handles a portion of Sri Lanka's transport needs.
 There are navigable water ways, two international harbors and two
international airports: Colombo, and in Hambantota.

16. Road
• Roads account for about 93%.
• There were 12,000 kilometers
• 151.8 kilometres of expressways.
• Buses are the principal mode of public transport
• Service is provided by the state-run Sri Lanka Transport
Board(SLTB) and privately owned buses
Railway
• Rail transport in Sri Lanka consists of an intercity network connecting
major population centers and commuter rail serving Colombo
commuters.
• Sri Lanka Railways operates the country's railway network, which
includes about 1,450 km
(901 mi) of track. Colombo is its hub.
• Trains connect the main cities of the country's nine provinces.

17. Airways
• There is two ways of airway transportation in sir lank.
1. International
2. Domestic
• We have two international airports.
1. Colombo Bandaranaike International Airport.
2. Mattawa Rajapaksa International Airport.
• Sri Lankan Airlines is the national airline.
• Founded in 1979 as Air Lanka
• the airline changed its name when it received partial foreign ownership in
1998. It Cinnamon Air plane
• operates to Asia and Europe from its base at Bandaranaike International
• Airport in Colombo the airline's main office is in the Airline Centre at the
airport.
Sri Lankan Airlines

18.  Water
• Sri Lanka has 160 kilometres (99 mi) of inland waterways (primarily on
rivers in the southwest), navigable by shallow - draught boats.
Ports & Harbors
1. Colombo Port
2. Hambantota Port (Magampura Mahinda Rajapaksa Port)
• It will be Sri Lanka's second-largest largest port, after Colombo.

19. New trending
• Building island wide express ways.
• Some service is available on the xpressways, with modern Lanka Ashok
Leyland buses.
• In 2011, the SLTB began introducing new buses to replace part of its
aging fleet. The Volvo 8400 buses, from Volvo India.