The document discusses understanding pesticides and provides information on key parts of a pesticide label. It defines what a pesticide is, outlines which federal agency regulates them, and describes common pesticide formulations and terminology. It also discusses toxicity and hazards of pesticides, explaining how they are determined. The label sections are then outlined, including the brand name, signal words, directions for use, precautions, active ingredients, and contact information. Common label violations are also noted.
Pesticides are substances intended to control pests. While they have increased crop yields, pesticides can also harm humans and the environment. Traditional methods provide natural alternatives such as light traps, smoke, and intercropping with pest-repelling plants. A more sustainable approach is Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which uses biological, cultural, and mechanical/physical controls combined with selective pesticide use for long-term prevention of pest damage. IPM benefits from pesticides' effectiveness and enables other management practices while reducing risks to health and environment.
The document summarizes the process of pest risk analysis (PRA). PRA involves three stages: initiation, pest risk assessment, and pest risk management. During pest risk assessment, pests are categorized and the probability of introduction, establishment, and spread are evaluated. Potential economic impacts, including environmental and social impacts, are also assessed. The overall risk is then determined. Pest risk management identifies risk management options to address risks identified in the assessment. PRA must be conducted for any new imports of plants or plant materials not already approved to ensure biosecurity and minimize trade impacts.
This document provides a classification of insecticides according to their mode of action (MoA), listing 28 main groups. It describes the purpose of MoA classification for insecticide resistance management. Rules for inclusion in the classification require a minimum of one registered use in at least one country. Chemical sub-groups are listed when multiple active ingredients are registered, or an exemplifying active ingredient may be listed if only one is registered. The classification then lists each main group and chemical sub-group or exemplifying active ingredient along with associated active ingredients.
Pesticides use in agriculture: benefits, risks and safetykrishgupta17
This document discusses pesticides, including their history, types, uses, and risks. It notes that pesticides have increased agricultural production but also pose environmental and health risks. The main types of pesticides are insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and rodenticides. Risks include negative effects on humans, water and soil pollution, resistance in pests, and impacts on non-target species and pollinators. Proper use and disposal of pesticides can help reduce risks to human and environmental health.
Classification of insecticides based on chemical natureVinodkumar Patil
Classification of insecticides based on chemical nature, insecticides classified based on nature of inorganic insecticides, Organic insecticides, Synthetic organic insecticides, and Miscellaneous compounds
Pesticides classification and maximum residue limits in foodsherif Taha
This presentation describes main pesticide classification and illustrate how to obtain MRL for pesticide residue in EU, Codex alimentarius, USA, and Japan
Pesticides play a sensitive role in food systems. we can see a visible parallel correlation between higher productivity, high chemical input use and environmental degradation and human health effects. There is need to be aware of pesticides pollution, its impact and make policies for its reduction.
Pesticides are substances intended to control pests. While they have increased crop yields, pesticides can also harm humans and the environment. Traditional methods provide natural alternatives such as light traps, smoke, and intercropping with pest-repelling plants. A more sustainable approach is Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which uses biological, cultural, and mechanical/physical controls combined with selective pesticide use for long-term prevention of pest damage. IPM benefits from pesticides' effectiveness and enables other management practices while reducing risks to health and environment.
The document summarizes the process of pest risk analysis (PRA). PRA involves three stages: initiation, pest risk assessment, and pest risk management. During pest risk assessment, pests are categorized and the probability of introduction, establishment, and spread are evaluated. Potential economic impacts, including environmental and social impacts, are also assessed. The overall risk is then determined. Pest risk management identifies risk management options to address risks identified in the assessment. PRA must be conducted for any new imports of plants or plant materials not already approved to ensure biosecurity and minimize trade impacts.
This document provides a classification of insecticides according to their mode of action (MoA), listing 28 main groups. It describes the purpose of MoA classification for insecticide resistance management. Rules for inclusion in the classification require a minimum of one registered use in at least one country. Chemical sub-groups are listed when multiple active ingredients are registered, or an exemplifying active ingredient may be listed if only one is registered. The classification then lists each main group and chemical sub-group or exemplifying active ingredient along with associated active ingredients.
Pesticides use in agriculture: benefits, risks and safetykrishgupta17
This document discusses pesticides, including their history, types, uses, and risks. It notes that pesticides have increased agricultural production but also pose environmental and health risks. The main types of pesticides are insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and rodenticides. Risks include negative effects on humans, water and soil pollution, resistance in pests, and impacts on non-target species and pollinators. Proper use and disposal of pesticides can help reduce risks to human and environmental health.
Classification of insecticides based on chemical natureVinodkumar Patil
Classification of insecticides based on chemical nature, insecticides classified based on nature of inorganic insecticides, Organic insecticides, Synthetic organic insecticides, and Miscellaneous compounds
Pesticides classification and maximum residue limits in foodsherif Taha
This presentation describes main pesticide classification and illustrate how to obtain MRL for pesticide residue in EU, Codex alimentarius, USA, and Japan
Pesticides play a sensitive role in food systems. we can see a visible parallel correlation between higher productivity, high chemical input use and environmental degradation and human health effects. There is need to be aware of pesticides pollution, its impact and make policies for its reduction.
The document discusses the history and types of pesticides. It defines a pest as any troublesome, destructive, or annoying organism like insects, fungi, and viruses. The first pesticides were naturally occurring minerals or chemicals produced by plants, but they were expensive and ineffective. During World War II, chemicals originally developed as nerve gases were tested on insects instead of humans. Since then, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act and the Food Quality Protection Act have regulated pesticide use and monitored pesticide levels in food. The two major groups of pesticides are chlorinated hydrocarbons, including the now-banned DDT, and organic phosphates used in insecticides.
Describe about different agents in causing the plant diseases with simple example so that it will be easy to understand for under graduate students especially
this ppt tells you about the registration and safety testing of bio-pesticides and what are the various types of pesticdes have been used and their registration process, etc....hope that you will find it easy ....
This document discusses the environmental concerns of pesticides. It outlines how pesticides can affect human health, target organisms, non-target organisms, soil environments, and water and air ecosystems. Pesticides can cause health issues for people with direct and indirect exposure through various routes. They can also lead to pest resistance, resurgence, and effects on soil microbes, earthworms, pollinators, and predators. When pesticides enter water and air, they negatively impact fish, birds and other organisms. The document provides examples and details for many of these topics over 22 sections.
Pesticides are used in agriculture to protect crops from insects, fungi, and weeds. They allow farmers to improve food quality and quantity, benefiting both food production and the economy. Pesticides come in various forms including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and can be organic, inorganic, or biological. The document discusses the properties, types, modes of action, and environmental impacts of different pesticides. It also covers pesticide application, degradation processes, and advantages of biopesticides.
This document discusses the classification of pesticides. It defines pesticides as substances that control pests like insects, weeds, rodents, etc. that compete with humans for food or spread disease. Pesticides can be classified based on their target pest, mode of action, chemical structure, application method, and timing of use. Common classifications include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and others for specific pest types. Pesticides are also grouped based on how they work, such as stomach poisons that kill after ingestion, contact poisons that kill on contact, and systemic poisons that spread throughout a plant. The document also discusses different modes of action like nerve poisons, muscle poisons, and
Plant quarantine and phytosanitary certificationtusharamodugu
The word quarantine derives from the Italian word “quaranti giorni”, meaning ‘about fourty days’. After the Black Death arrived in Europe in 1347, observation and experience showed that the incubation time for the disease, from infection to the appearance of symptoms, was a little less than 40 days.
Plant quarantine is defined as the legal enforcement of the measures aimed to prevent pests from spreading or to prevent them from multiplying further in case, they have already gained entry and have established in new restricted areas.
The importance of imposing restrictions on the movement of pest-infested plants or plant materials from one country to another was realized by Ireland famine 1845, the late blight pathogen (Phytophthora infestans) introduced into Ireland from Central
America resulted in almost total failure of the potato crop, the grapevine phylloxera was introduced into France from America around 1860, and the San Jose scale spread into the US in the latter part of the eighteenth century and caused severe damage. The first international plant protection convention (IPPC), the Phylloxera convention was signed at Berne on 3 November 1881 by five countries. This convention remained in force till 1951, when International Plant Protection Convention under FAO was established at Rome. This agreement was constituted with the purpose of securing common and effective action to prevent the introduction and spread of pests and diseases of plants and plant products.
The first Quarantine Act in the US came into force on 1905, while India passed an act in 1914 entitled “Destructive Insect and Pests Act of 1914”. This was later supplemented by a more comprehensive act in 1917.
This document provides an overview of pesticides including their classification, qualities of an effective pesticide, examining pesticide labels, and equipment and methods for pesticide application. Pesticides are classified based on their target pest, toxicity, mode of entry or action, and chemical structure. Effective pesticides are potent, fast-acting, broad spectrum, affordable, and cause minimal environmental pollution. Proper pesticide application requires protective equipment, calibrated equipment like knapsack or boom sprayers, and following precautions to avoid hazards.
The document discusses the current regulations for pesticide use in farming and whether they are sufficient for healthy living. It provides information on what pesticides are, the EPA regulations, types of pesticides and their effects, advantages and disadvantages of pesticide use, potential health effects, benefits of organic foods, and advances in technology that could reduce pesticide use. While pesticides improve food production and quality of life, the EPA approval process is slow and pesticides can damage the environment and health, especially for sensitive groups. More research into alternatives is still needed to establish effective regulations that protect both public health and agriculture.
This document provides an overview of integrated pest management (IPM). It defines IPM as a balanced approach that uses all suitable pest control methods to keep pest populations below an economic threshold. The document outlines the main objectives and components of IPM, including identifying pests, monitoring populations, setting control goals, implementing control strategies, and evaluating results. It also describes various control methods used in IPM, including biological, mechanical, cultural, physical, genetic, chemical, and regulatory approaches. The goal of IPM is to maintain a healthy agroecosystem while minimizing risks of pests, costs of control, and environmental damage.
This presentation about legal measures of insect pest management in Nepal. This presentation try to elaborate the mandate of Nepal Government for controlling insect pest .
Insecticide, classification of Insecticide, Insecticide Act and Spraying Tec...gill0094
This document provides information on insecticides, including their definition, classification, and application techniques. It defines insecticides as substances intended to kill, repel, or prevent insects. It then discusses five ways insecticides can be classified: by chemical composition (organic vs inorganic), mode of entry into insects, mode of action, toxicity, and stage specificity (ovicides, larvicides, etc.). The document also outlines the properties of ideal insecticides and discusses phytotoxicity. It concludes by describing different spray techniques based on droplet size and volume, such as high volume, low volume, ultra-low volume, and aerial spraying.
This document provides an overview of integrated pest management (IPM). It defines IPM as a pest management approach that uses multiple control strategies, including cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical tactics, to keep pest populations below economically damaging levels while minimizing risks to human health and the environment. The key principles of IPM include understanding pest biology and crop-pest interactions, advanced planning, balancing control costs and benefits, and monitoring pest populations to inform management decisions. The document discusses various IPM strategies and their advantages for improving farm profitability, reducing pest resistance and environmental impacts compared to reliance on pesticides alone.
This document discusses methods for identifying plant pathogens. Traditional visual examination can only identify damage after it has already occurred. More sensitive early diagnosis methods are needed to treat pathogens before irreparable damage. Modern methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serological techniques can identify pathogens before visible symptoms appear, allowing treatment before significant yield losses. These methods help identify the causal agent through DNA analysis and other laboratory techniques.
IPM- Integrated Pest Management StrategiesAlbertPaul18
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable system that uses cultural, biological, and chemical methods to manage pests. It aims to provide the most cost-effective and environmentally sound pest control. IPM was developed after WWII and involves monitoring pest levels, preventing infestations, and only using pesticides as a last resort. Methods include mechanical controls, biological controls like ladybugs that eat aphids, and responsible use of chemicals. IPM requires constant monitoring but provides benefits like reduced economic risks and more sustainable pest management.
This document discusses pesticide application equipment. It describes the different types of dusters and sprayers, both manually operated and power operated. Dusters are used to apply chemicals in dust form while sprayers are used to apply liquids. The key components of dusters include a hopper, agitator, feed control, fan/blower and nozzle. Common types of dusters are plunger, bellows and rotary dusters. Sprayers break liquids into droplets and have components like a nozzle body, filter, pressure regulator and spray boom. Examples of sprayers mentioned are hand syringes, knapsack sprayers and bucket sprayers. Pesticide application equipment is used to control pests and diseases on
irrational usage of pesticide leads to development of resistance, resurgence and toxic residue problems in our food. ultimately imbalance of environment . so that detection of pesticide residue in all materials of earth especially in our food, milk, meat, water, soil aquatic ecosystem and agriculture land. for the analysis of resiude set of procedure, methods, instruments, skills and laboratory must required. In this seminar would like to enlighten the best, suitable and feasible methods are discussed.
Pesticides have negative environmental impacts when used in agriculture. They can pollute soil, air, and water through various routes such as spraying, leaching, runoff, and erosion. This pollution affects both target and non-target organisms. Long-term exposure to pesticides is linked to health issues like cancer and neurological and reproductive problems in humans. Pesticides also harm plants, animals, and beneficial soil microorganisms. Their overuse can result in pest resistance, new pest outbreaks, and biomagnification up the food chain. Strict regulation of pesticides and alternative natural pest control methods are needed to protect the environment and public health.
This ppt is about natural pesticides. and how they are better than synthetics. this lecture is helpful for students of pharmacognosy and agriculture.
synthetic pesticides are need to be replaced with natural substances and natural methods to control like biological control etc.
pests are creating a huge economic loss so its the need of the time to focus on natural pest control methods.
if you like the lecture comment and share
This document provides information on applying chemical control measures for pest management. It discusses the types of chemical pesticides used, including contact, systemic, stomach ingestion, and fumigant insecticides. It also addresses factors to consider for chemical pesticides like toxicity, formulation, and how the pesticide enters the pest. Chemical pesticides carry risks if not applied properly but can effectively control pests when used judiciously as part of an integrated pest management strategy.
The document discusses the history and types of pesticides. It defines a pest as any troublesome, destructive, or annoying organism like insects, fungi, and viruses. The first pesticides were naturally occurring minerals or chemicals produced by plants, but they were expensive and ineffective. During World War II, chemicals originally developed as nerve gases were tested on insects instead of humans. Since then, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act and the Food Quality Protection Act have regulated pesticide use and monitored pesticide levels in food. The two major groups of pesticides are chlorinated hydrocarbons, including the now-banned DDT, and organic phosphates used in insecticides.
Describe about different agents in causing the plant diseases with simple example so that it will be easy to understand for under graduate students especially
this ppt tells you about the registration and safety testing of bio-pesticides and what are the various types of pesticdes have been used and their registration process, etc....hope that you will find it easy ....
This document discusses the environmental concerns of pesticides. It outlines how pesticides can affect human health, target organisms, non-target organisms, soil environments, and water and air ecosystems. Pesticides can cause health issues for people with direct and indirect exposure through various routes. They can also lead to pest resistance, resurgence, and effects on soil microbes, earthworms, pollinators, and predators. When pesticides enter water and air, they negatively impact fish, birds and other organisms. The document provides examples and details for many of these topics over 22 sections.
Pesticides are used in agriculture to protect crops from insects, fungi, and weeds. They allow farmers to improve food quality and quantity, benefiting both food production and the economy. Pesticides come in various forms including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and can be organic, inorganic, or biological. The document discusses the properties, types, modes of action, and environmental impacts of different pesticides. It also covers pesticide application, degradation processes, and advantages of biopesticides.
This document discusses the classification of pesticides. It defines pesticides as substances that control pests like insects, weeds, rodents, etc. that compete with humans for food or spread disease. Pesticides can be classified based on their target pest, mode of action, chemical structure, application method, and timing of use. Common classifications include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and others for specific pest types. Pesticides are also grouped based on how they work, such as stomach poisons that kill after ingestion, contact poisons that kill on contact, and systemic poisons that spread throughout a plant. The document also discusses different modes of action like nerve poisons, muscle poisons, and
Plant quarantine and phytosanitary certificationtusharamodugu
The word quarantine derives from the Italian word “quaranti giorni”, meaning ‘about fourty days’. After the Black Death arrived in Europe in 1347, observation and experience showed that the incubation time for the disease, from infection to the appearance of symptoms, was a little less than 40 days.
Plant quarantine is defined as the legal enforcement of the measures aimed to prevent pests from spreading or to prevent them from multiplying further in case, they have already gained entry and have established in new restricted areas.
The importance of imposing restrictions on the movement of pest-infested plants or plant materials from one country to another was realized by Ireland famine 1845, the late blight pathogen (Phytophthora infestans) introduced into Ireland from Central
America resulted in almost total failure of the potato crop, the grapevine phylloxera was introduced into France from America around 1860, and the San Jose scale spread into the US in the latter part of the eighteenth century and caused severe damage. The first international plant protection convention (IPPC), the Phylloxera convention was signed at Berne on 3 November 1881 by five countries. This convention remained in force till 1951, when International Plant Protection Convention under FAO was established at Rome. This agreement was constituted with the purpose of securing common and effective action to prevent the introduction and spread of pests and diseases of plants and plant products.
The first Quarantine Act in the US came into force on 1905, while India passed an act in 1914 entitled “Destructive Insect and Pests Act of 1914”. This was later supplemented by a more comprehensive act in 1917.
This document provides an overview of pesticides including their classification, qualities of an effective pesticide, examining pesticide labels, and equipment and methods for pesticide application. Pesticides are classified based on their target pest, toxicity, mode of entry or action, and chemical structure. Effective pesticides are potent, fast-acting, broad spectrum, affordable, and cause minimal environmental pollution. Proper pesticide application requires protective equipment, calibrated equipment like knapsack or boom sprayers, and following precautions to avoid hazards.
The document discusses the current regulations for pesticide use in farming and whether they are sufficient for healthy living. It provides information on what pesticides are, the EPA regulations, types of pesticides and their effects, advantages and disadvantages of pesticide use, potential health effects, benefits of organic foods, and advances in technology that could reduce pesticide use. While pesticides improve food production and quality of life, the EPA approval process is slow and pesticides can damage the environment and health, especially for sensitive groups. More research into alternatives is still needed to establish effective regulations that protect both public health and agriculture.
This document provides an overview of integrated pest management (IPM). It defines IPM as a balanced approach that uses all suitable pest control methods to keep pest populations below an economic threshold. The document outlines the main objectives and components of IPM, including identifying pests, monitoring populations, setting control goals, implementing control strategies, and evaluating results. It also describes various control methods used in IPM, including biological, mechanical, cultural, physical, genetic, chemical, and regulatory approaches. The goal of IPM is to maintain a healthy agroecosystem while minimizing risks of pests, costs of control, and environmental damage.
This presentation about legal measures of insect pest management in Nepal. This presentation try to elaborate the mandate of Nepal Government for controlling insect pest .
Insecticide, classification of Insecticide, Insecticide Act and Spraying Tec...gill0094
This document provides information on insecticides, including their definition, classification, and application techniques. It defines insecticides as substances intended to kill, repel, or prevent insects. It then discusses five ways insecticides can be classified: by chemical composition (organic vs inorganic), mode of entry into insects, mode of action, toxicity, and stage specificity (ovicides, larvicides, etc.). The document also outlines the properties of ideal insecticides and discusses phytotoxicity. It concludes by describing different spray techniques based on droplet size and volume, such as high volume, low volume, ultra-low volume, and aerial spraying.
This document provides an overview of integrated pest management (IPM). It defines IPM as a pest management approach that uses multiple control strategies, including cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical tactics, to keep pest populations below economically damaging levels while minimizing risks to human health and the environment. The key principles of IPM include understanding pest biology and crop-pest interactions, advanced planning, balancing control costs and benefits, and monitoring pest populations to inform management decisions. The document discusses various IPM strategies and their advantages for improving farm profitability, reducing pest resistance and environmental impacts compared to reliance on pesticides alone.
This document discusses methods for identifying plant pathogens. Traditional visual examination can only identify damage after it has already occurred. More sensitive early diagnosis methods are needed to treat pathogens before irreparable damage. Modern methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serological techniques can identify pathogens before visible symptoms appear, allowing treatment before significant yield losses. These methods help identify the causal agent through DNA analysis and other laboratory techniques.
IPM- Integrated Pest Management StrategiesAlbertPaul18
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable system that uses cultural, biological, and chemical methods to manage pests. It aims to provide the most cost-effective and environmentally sound pest control. IPM was developed after WWII and involves monitoring pest levels, preventing infestations, and only using pesticides as a last resort. Methods include mechanical controls, biological controls like ladybugs that eat aphids, and responsible use of chemicals. IPM requires constant monitoring but provides benefits like reduced economic risks and more sustainable pest management.
This document discusses pesticide application equipment. It describes the different types of dusters and sprayers, both manually operated and power operated. Dusters are used to apply chemicals in dust form while sprayers are used to apply liquids. The key components of dusters include a hopper, agitator, feed control, fan/blower and nozzle. Common types of dusters are plunger, bellows and rotary dusters. Sprayers break liquids into droplets and have components like a nozzle body, filter, pressure regulator and spray boom. Examples of sprayers mentioned are hand syringes, knapsack sprayers and bucket sprayers. Pesticide application equipment is used to control pests and diseases on
irrational usage of pesticide leads to development of resistance, resurgence and toxic residue problems in our food. ultimately imbalance of environment . so that detection of pesticide residue in all materials of earth especially in our food, milk, meat, water, soil aquatic ecosystem and agriculture land. for the analysis of resiude set of procedure, methods, instruments, skills and laboratory must required. In this seminar would like to enlighten the best, suitable and feasible methods are discussed.
Pesticides have negative environmental impacts when used in agriculture. They can pollute soil, air, and water through various routes such as spraying, leaching, runoff, and erosion. This pollution affects both target and non-target organisms. Long-term exposure to pesticides is linked to health issues like cancer and neurological and reproductive problems in humans. Pesticides also harm plants, animals, and beneficial soil microorganisms. Their overuse can result in pest resistance, new pest outbreaks, and biomagnification up the food chain. Strict regulation of pesticides and alternative natural pest control methods are needed to protect the environment and public health.
This ppt is about natural pesticides. and how they are better than synthetics. this lecture is helpful for students of pharmacognosy and agriculture.
synthetic pesticides are need to be replaced with natural substances and natural methods to control like biological control etc.
pests are creating a huge economic loss so its the need of the time to focus on natural pest control methods.
if you like the lecture comment and share
This document provides information on applying chemical control measures for pest management. It discusses the types of chemical pesticides used, including contact, systemic, stomach ingestion, and fumigant insecticides. It also addresses factors to consider for chemical pesticides like toxicity, formulation, and how the pesticide enters the pest. Chemical pesticides carry risks if not applied properly but can effectively control pests when used judiciously as part of an integrated pest management strategy.
This document discusses pesticides. It defines pesticides as substances used to prevent, destroy or lessen damage from pests like insects, plants or bacteria. Pesticides are classified into insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and rodenticides depending on the pest they target. While pesticides provide benefits like protecting crops and controlling disease vectors, they can also harm the environment and human health if misused. The document advocates for integrated pest management and biopesticides as safer alternatives that minimize pesticide use.
This document discusses pesticide residues in food. It begins by defining pesticides and explaining how residues can occur in foods when pesticides are used during agricultural production. It notes that processing foods can help reduce residues. It then discusses groups vulnerable to pesticide effects like children. The document outlines pesticide risk assessment and various health effects of pesticide exposure. It concludes by discussing approaches for preventing and controlling pesticide residues like consumer education, legislation, research into alternatives, and promotion of integrated pest management.
This document discusses key aspects of pesticide labels including the types of information provided. It begins by defining what a pesticide is and explaining the different names a pesticide can have. It then describes the four main sections of a label which provide product information, safety precautions, environmental information, and directions for use. Specific details covered include signal words, personal protective equipment, precautions, and proper storage and disposal. It emphasizes that the label must always be followed and that pesticide use inconsistent with the labeling is a violation of federal law.
Pesticides are substances used to kill pests like insects, weeds, rodents, and fungi that damage crops or transmit diseases. They work by inhibiting the metabolic processes of pests. Common types include insecticides, herbicides, rodenticides, and fungicides. Integrated Pest Management is an approach that uses targeted pest control methods like biological and mechanical controls instead of relying solely on chemical pesticides. Choosing the right pesticide depends on the type of pest and habitat. Some natural pesticides come from plants like tobacco, pyrethrum, and derris elliptica.
This document defines pesticides and describes different types of pests including animal pests like rodents and insects, and plant pests like weeds and microorganisms. It discusses how pesticides work by inhibiting metabolic processes and outlines their mechanism of action, potency, onset, and dose. Common pesticide types include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and rodenticides. The document also covers pesticide choice based on pest type and habitat, as well as methods of controlling pests including mechanical, biological, environmental, agricultural, and chemical methods. Integrated Pest Management is discussed as an alternative approach.
This document classifies and describes different types of insecticides. It discusses how insecticides can be inorganic or organic, and then further divided into natural or synthetic. The four major classes of insecticides are then described in more detail: organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids. Each class is characterized by its chemical structure and examples are provided of commonly used insecticides that fall into each class.
Pesticides are substances used to kill pests like insects, weeds, and fungi. They can be classified based on their target organisms (broad or narrow spectrum), how they work (systemic or contact), and how quickly they degrade (biodegradable or persistent). Common types include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and rodenticides. While pesticides provide benefits like protecting crops, they can also harm humans, animals, and the environment if misused due to toxic effects. Proper use and regulation of pesticides is important to maximize benefits and minimize negative impacts.
1) Pesticides are substances used to control pests like insects, weeds, and fungi. They have benefits like protecting crops and controlling disease vectors, but also pose hazards to health and the environment if not used carefully.
2) Pesticides are classified based on their target pest into insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and rodenticides. Common synthetic pesticides include organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates.
3) Alternatives to pesticides include integrated pest management using biological controls and biopesticides from natural sources like bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts. Proper use and disposal of pesticides is important to minimize risks to people and the
This presentation is part of a video series we are developing for a course module to help organic farmers and gardeners. The video is under production and will be available shortly at https://www.youtube.com/user/acesfieldvideo?feature=watch. Please consult your county Extension office for full recommendations and check with your supplier for organic insecticides. Products can also be purchased online.
1. Toxicology, Scope of Pharmacology in Cosmetic Tech .pptxJagruti Marathe
The document provides an introduction to pharmacology and toxicology. It defines key terms like:
- Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects and mechanisms of action in living systems.
- Toxicology is the study of adverse health effects of chemicals.
- Pharmacokinetics refers to how the body affects a drug while pharmacodynamics is what the drug does to the body.
- Toxicants can enter the body through various routes and affect organs in both reversible and irreversible ways. Treatment involves removing unabsorbed toxins, administering antidotes, and promoting excretion of absorbed toxins.
Integrated Pest Management and pesticide safetybmrenner
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. The four pest management strategies discussed are cultural control, biological control, mechanical control, and chemical control.
2. The three signal words on a pesticide label are Danger, Warning, and Caution.
3. IPM in gardening is an approach to pest management that combines different management strategies like cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical controls to manage pests in a way that minimizes risks to people and the environment.
4. Lawn mower blight would be considered an abiotic or non-living plant problem since it is caused by physical damage from mowing and not a biotic pathogen.
The document discusses pesticide safety practices. It explains that pesticides are classified as general use or restricted use based on toxicity levels. The four main routes of pesticide exposure are oral, dermal, inhalation, and eye contact. Toxicity is measured using LD50 (lethal dose) and LC50 (lethal concentration) values. Safety practices to follow when applying pesticides include using approved pesticides as directed, wearing protective clothing, properly disposing of containers, and knowing emergency measures in case of accidents.
This document defines various types of contaminants that may be present in milk, including biological, chemical, physical and radiological substances not intentionally added. It discusses agricultural chemicals, environmental contaminants, pesticides including their classifications and properties. It also covers antibiotics used in animal husbandry and definitions for key terms like residues, tolerance levels, withdrawal time and acceptable daily intake.
This document provides an overview of pesticide classification and toxicity. It begins by defining pesticides and tracing their historical development. It then describes three methods of classifying pesticides based on mode of entry, function/target organism, and chemical composition. Several classes of pesticides are discussed in depth, including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and rodenticides. Specific pesticides are highlighted and their mechanisms of toxicity and health effects are summarized. The document concludes by distinguishing chemical pesticides from natural or biological pesticides.
This document discusses different types of insecticides. It defines insecticides as chemicals that kill insects. It describes the general properties of insecticides and the ideal properties an insecticide should possess, such as being toxic to pests but not harmful to other species. The document then covers various ways to classify insecticides, including by their chemical composition, mode of entry into an insect's body, and mode of action. It provides examples of different types of insecticides, such as contact and stomach insecticides, and discusses how each type works. The document also examines insecticides classified by their target life stages, such as larvicides and adulticides.
Calcium carbonate is prepared through the calcination of limestone to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, followed by slaking the calcium oxide with water and carbonating the resulting milk of lime with carbon dioxide. It has various applications including use in the paper, plastics, paint and coatings industries as a filler and pigment, as an acid neutralizer in antacids, and in the construction industry. Prolonged exposure to calcium carbonate dust can cause irritation to eyes and respiratory tract.
The document summarizes information about ammonia, including its production via the Haber process, uses, and environmental impacts. It describes the Haber process which produces ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases under high pressure and temperature using an iron catalyst. Ammonia is mainly used as a fertilizer and to produce other fertilizers and as an industrial refrigerant. It causes environmental issues such as eutrophication of waterways, smog formation, soil acidification, and health impacts from inhalation.
Immunity can be classified as innate or acquired. Innate immunity is resistance at birth while acquired immunity develops from exposure to antigens. The immune system includes cells like lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and natural killer cells. It also has two arms: cell-mediated immunity using T cells and humoral immunity using B cells and antibodies. Cytokines are messenger molecules that help coordinate the immune response. Antigens can be classified as self or non-self, and antibodies are produced in response to antigens. The immune system provides resistance to infection through these complex interacting cells and mechanisms.
This document describes various blotting techniques used to detect specific DNA or RNA sequences, including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, Western blotting, and dot blotting. Southern blotting involves transferring DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis to a membrane and probing for specific sequences. Northern blotting is similar but uses RNA. Western blotting detects specific proteins. Dot blotting detects sequences in non-fractionated samples by directly applying samples to a membrane. These techniques allow for detection and analysis of genes and their expression.
Sulfuric acid is a colorless, corrosive liquid with the chemical formula H2SO4. It has a pH of 1 when in a 1% solution in water. Sulfuric acid is used for pH adjustment and cleaning scales. It can cause severe burns upon contact with skin, eyes, or if ingested. Proper personal protective equipment should be worn when handling sulfuric acid. Spills should be neutralized and the area well ventilated. Sulfuric acid is corrosive, so containers must be properly stored and labeled according to regulatory standards.
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This document provides an overview of the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. It describes their formation processes and gives examples. Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt form from the cooling of magma either underground or above ground. Sedimentary rocks like limestone and sandstone form through the compression of sediments over time. Metamorphic rocks including marble and quartzite form from existing rocks undergoing heat or pressure changes. The uses of different rock types such as limestone and granite in construction are also detailed.
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Biogas is formed from the natural degradation of organic matter in anaerobic conditions. It contains 50-70% methane and can be used as a fuel for cooking, heating, lighting, and electricity generation. There are two main types of biogas plants - fixed dome and floating gas holder. Biogas plants produce biogas through a three step process of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis and the sludge produced can be used as fertilizer. While biogas technologies have potential benefits, high initial costs and lack of adequate organic waste inputs have limited adoption in many developing countries.
This document defines what a pest is and discusses reasons for pest control. It describes pest management systems and their goals of prevention, suppression, and eradication. Various types of pests are outlined including insects, arthropods, microbes, weeds, and mollusks. Specific pests like cockroaches, rats, mice, silverfish, and house flies are described along with control methods. The effects of pest infestation and control measures including insecticides, fumigation, and proper drainage are summarized.
This document discusses biological control of insect pests. It defines biological control as using natural enemies to reduce damage from insect pest populations. The document then covers the history of biological control from early efforts in 200 AD through the modern period. It discusses three approaches to biological control - classical biological control involving introducing exotic natural enemies, augmentative biological control involving adding natural enemies, and conservation biological control involving protecting existing natural enemies.
The document discusses key concepts in the chemical process industry, including different states of matter that chemicals can be in (solid, liquid, gas), types of chemical processes (conversion, separation), and components of chemical industry infrastructure (equipment, piping, instruments, electrical systems, structures, civil works). It provides examples and classifications within each concept at a high level for educational purposes.
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General Important Notes of Biotechnology Written by Ali Safaa97Ali Safaa97
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Soil pollution occurs when persistent toxic compounds accumulate in soils. It is caused by industrial waste, agricultural runoff, landfill seepage, and excessive fertilizer and pesticide use. Soil pollution reduces fertility and ecological balance, contaminates water sources, and poses health risks. Effects include decreased crop yields, damage to soil structure, and release of pollutant gases. Controlling soil pollution involves reducing chemical use, recycling waste, reforestation, and designating dumping pits for treated wastes.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
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Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
2. Disclaimer
• OSU Extension Service does not endorse
the use of any of the products listed or
mentioned in this module.
• Product trade names are listed purely to
provide examples of certain types of
pesticides that you may come across in
your home and garden store.
3. Which Federal Agency Regulates
Pesticides
1 2 3 4 5
10%
85%
0%
0%
5%
1. Oregon Dept. of
Agriculture
2. EPA
3. FIFRA
4. OWEB
5. None of the above
4. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
Aka FIFRA, was the legislation first enacted in
the 1947 to administer and regulate pesticides
and their use.
5. FIFRA Provisions
• EPA regulates pesticides/uses
• EPA classifies Restricted Use Pesticides
• Allows each state to govern
pesticides/uses with their own laws – may
be more strict than federal program, but
not less
• In our state, Pesticide use is regulated
by Oregon Department of Agriculture
(ODA)
6. What is a pesticide?
US Environmental Protection Agency definition:
A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances
intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or
mitigating any pest.
• Pests can be
– Insects, mice, or other animals
– weeds
– fungi, bacteria, & viruses
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) of 1947
7. Which one of these is not a
pesticide?
1 2 3 4 5
70%
5%
10%
15%
0%
1. Home detergent
2. Rat bait
3. Roundup
4. Neem oil
5. Frontline plus
9. What is not a pesticide?
• Fertilizers and other substances used to promote
plant growth and health (when not combined
with pesticides).
– This includes Mycorrhizal fungi.
– This DOES NOT include weed and feed products
• Biological control agents (except some
microorganisms).
– This includes beneficial insects such as ladybugs,
parasitoids and nematodes that eat insect pests.
– This does not include Bacillus thuringiensis, spinosad,
etc., which are regulated as pesticides.
10. Minimum Risk Pesticides
• Products listed as ―Minimum Risk Pesticides‖ by
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are
exempt from the requirements of FIFRA. These
products...
– Do not have an EPA Registration Number
– Must be labeled with:
• The name and weight percent of each active ingredient
• The name of each inert ingredient
• Examples: castor oil, corn gluten meal, citronella
• A complete list of Minimum Risk Pesticides can
be viewed at:
– http://www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/regtools/25b_list.htm
– Note: products on this list may or may not be considered organic.
11. • The formulation describes the physical
attributes of a pesticide product. It is
comprised of:
– active ingredient(s) (ai)
– Inert ingredients
Pesticide Formulations
• The formulation of a pesticide can have
significant implications for safety and effective
use.
12. Pesticide Ingredients
• ACTIVE – responsible for killing the
pest
• INERT – makes the formulation safer,
more effective and easier to handle
• ADJUVANT – may or may not already
be present in the product; used for the
same reason as the inert ingredients
13. Pesticide Formulations for Home Use
• Liquids
– Aerosols (A)
– Solutions (S)
• Emulsifiable Concentrates (E or EC)
• Liquid Concentrates (C or LC)
• Ready-To-Use (RTU)
RaidTM House and Garden – an Aerosol (A) pesticide
that is effective against a wide range of insects
14. Pesticide Formulations for Home Use
• Solids
– Baits (B)
– Dusts (D)
– Granules (G)
– Pellets (P or PS)
SluggoTM – a Bait (B) pesticide
for control of slugs and snails
DipelTM – a Dust (D) pesticide
for control of chewing caterpillars
15. Relative Safety Hazards
commercial (many, not all)
Emulsifiable Concentrates
Liquid Concentrates
Aerosols, RTU‘s
Dusts
Granules
Baits, Pellets
HIGH
LOW
All pesticides are hazardous if misused!
Less Risk
Most Risk
16. Terms Used to Describe Pesticides
• Commercial/home use
• Organic/Synthetic
• Broad/narrow spectrum
• Contact/Systemic/Residual
• Curative/Protectant
• Preemergent/Postemergent
• Pesticide Class/Family
17. Pesticide Terminology
• Commercial - Restricted Use Pesticides
(RUPs)
– or are packaged in quantities that are too
large (and too expensive!) for home use
• Home - not designated as RUPs and
are readily available in small packaging.
– Some non-RUP pesticides have labels
preclude use by unlicensed applicators
18. Organic and Synthetic
• Organic: Derived from an
organic source
– Botanicals (pyrethrum
NeemTM, RotenoneTM)
– Microbials (Bt sprays)
– Naturalytes (SpinosadTM)
from actinomycetes
• Synthetic: Manufactured
pesticides
Synthetic
Pyrethroid
Organic
Pyrethrin
19. Broad Spectrum / Non-Selective
• Controls a wide range of pest organisms
– Organophosphates (a.i. malathion)
– Carbamates (a.i. carbaryl (or sevin), methomyl)
Examples of Broad
Spectrum
Insecticides
20. Narrow Spectrum / Selective
• Controls a narrow range of pest organisms
– Insect Growth Regulators (IntrepidTM),
– Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.), Bt-k (DipelTM) and
Bt-t (NovodorTM)
Colorado potato beetle
Leptinotarsa decemlineata.
Bt-t toxin is effective against
This pest of potatoes, tomatoes
and other solanaceous crops
21. Contact Pesticide
• Pesticide must be
sprayed or
applied directly
on the target
(weed, disease,
insect, etc.).
– e.g., pyrethrins,
pyrethroids
22. Short Term versus Residual
• Short Term
– Pesticide quickly breaks down into
nontoxic by products e.g. pyrethrins
• Residual
– Pesticide will persist after application,
offering control for a period of time.
• Control of termites in wooden structures
(Termidor)
• CasoronTM (a.i. dichlobenil): long term control
of weeds
• Delta DustTM (a.i. deltamethrin): long term
control of insects
23. Systemic Pesticide
• Pesticide is translocated throughout the
target plant
• Protection (fungicides, insecticides)
– Imidacloprid - insecticide
– Disulfoton - insecticide
• Remediation (herbicides)
– Glyphosate (e.g. RoundupTM
and FinaleTM )
24. Pesticide Terminology
• Curative / Eradicant - can kill target pests
if present.
• e.g., FunginexTM (a.i. triforine) for scab and rust
eradication
• Protectant - protects healthy plant parts
from attack by pest organisms.
• e.g., DaconilTM (a.i. chlorothalonil) or sulfur
25. Pesticide Terminology
• Preemergent
– Prior to emergence.
• e.g., PreenTM (a.i. trifluralin)
• Postemergent
– After emergence (weeds or plants).
• RoundupTM (a.i. glyphosate)
27. If you took a large dose of Tylenol
all at once, what toxicity can you
induce?
1 2 3 4 5
25%
5%
0%
20%
50%
1. Instant toxicity
2. Chronic toxicity
3. Acute toxicity
4. Delayed toxicity
5. None of the above
28. Toxicity
• Acute toxicity – damage resulting from a one-
time or limited exposure.
• Chronic toxicity – damage resulting from long-
term (repeated) exposure.
– Carcinogenicity
– Mutagenicity
– Teratogenicity
– Oncogenicity
– Liver Damage
– Reproductive Disorders
– Nerve Damage
– Allergenic sensitization
29. How is toxicity determined?
• Acute toxicity is usually determined by animal
testing in a dose-response study.
– LOEL = Lowest Observed Effect Level
• Lowest does with any observable effect.
– NOEL = No Observed Effect Level
• Highest dose with no observable effect.
• Basis for tolerances (residue levels in food or feed
crops).
– LD50 = ―lethal dose fifty‖
• Dose that killed half of the test animals.
• Basis for Signal Words on pesticide labels.
• The smaller this number, the more poisonous the
pesticide.
30. Examples of LD50
• Table salt 3750 mg/kg
• Aspirin 1750 mg/kg
• Diazinon 1250 mg/kg
• Caffeine 200 mg/kg
• Rotenone 130 mg/kg
• Nicotine 55 mg/kg
The smaller this number, the more poisonous the substance.
31. How much is that?
• LD50 values for a 175 lb (80 kg) person:
– table salt 3750 mg/kg = 300 g
– aspirin 1750 mg/kg = 140 g
– diazinon 1250 mg/kg = 100 g
–caffeine 200 mg/kg = 16 g = 160 cups
– rotenone 130 mg/kg = 10.4 g
– nicotine 55 mg/kg = 4.4 g
32. What are the common routes of
entry of pesticides for humans?
1 2 3 4 5 6
0%
6%
0%
94%
0%
0%
1. Oral
2. Dermal
3. Inhalation
4. Ocular
5. All of the above
6. None of the above
33. Routes of Entry
• There are 4 main routes:
– Dermal
– Inhalation
– Ocular
– Oral
• Dermal and inhalation are the most common routes
of pesticide exposure.
• Once a pesticide enters your body, it doesn‘t matter
how it got there!
• Symptoms of pesticide poisoning can be removed
from the point of contact (e.g., systemic).
35. Signal Words
Caution
(Cat. IV)
Caution
(Cat. III)
Warning
(Cat. II)
Danger
Danger –
Poison
(Cat. I)
Oral LD50
> 5000 mg/kg 500-5000
mg/kg
50-500 mg/kg < 50 mg/kg
Inhalation
LD50
> 20 mg/l 2-20 mg/l 0.2-2 mg/l < 0.2 mg/l
Dermal
LD50
> 5000 mg/kg 2000-5000
mg/kg
200-2000
mg/kg
< 200 mg/kg
Eye Effects No Irritation Reverses in 7
Days
More than 7
Days
Corrosive
Skin Effects Mild Irritation Moderate
Irritation
Severe
Irritation
Corrosive
36. Risk
• Risk = toxicity x exposure
– High toxicity x good management = Low risk
– Low toxicity x poor management = High risk
– Zero exposure = zero risk
37. Common Symptoms of Pesticide Poisoning
Mild or early symptoms:
Fatigue
Headache
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Excessive sweating
Excessive salivation
Nausea and vomiting
Stomach cramps
Diarrhea
Moderate symptoms:
Inability to walk
Weakness
Chest discomfort
Muscle twitches
Pupil constriction
Severe symptoms:
Unconsciousness
Convulsions
Difficulty breathing
Death
38. Pesticide Poisoning
• Plainly and simply, beware of ANY unusual
symptoms!
• Read labels carefully prior to use so that you know
what to expect and how symptoms may be treated.
– Statement of practical treatment
• Call 911 for immediate medical attention
– Keep label accessible
• EPA registration number
• Poison Control Center: 1-800-222-1222
40. Pesticide Labels
• Brand name
• Product/Trade name
• Chemical name
• Ingredient statement
• Type of formulation
• Net contents
• Name and address of
manufacturer
• Registration number
• Establishment number
• Precautionary statements
• Environmental hazards
• Physical & chemical hazards
• Signal words and symbols
• Statement of practical
treatment
• Directions for use
• Preharvest interval
• Restricted entry interval
• Storage & disposal
directions
• Misuse statement
The format of pesticide labels is not standard!
41. Labels/Labeling*
• Label – on or attached to the container
• Labeling – label plus other manufacturer
information
• *must be approved by and registered with
EPA
42. Pesticide Names
• Several names appear on pesticide labels:
– Brand name/Product/Trade name (e.g., SevinTM,
RoundupTM)
– Common chemical name (e.g., carbaryl)
– International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
(IUPAC) chemical name e.g. 1-napthyl N-
methylcarbamate
• Different manufacturers may market the same
active ingredient under different trade names.
• Never choose or recommend products based on
brand or trade names alone. Read the active
ingredients on the label.
49. Directions for Use
•What the product controls
•Where, when and how to use
•Booklet or toll free number may be given for consumers use and information
51. Environmental Hazards
If the product is potentially harmful
to wildlife, fish, endangered plants or
animals, or may adversely impact
wetlands and water resources.
53. Storage and Disposal Instructions
•How best to store the product
•What to do with unused product
•What to do with the empty container
54. Signal Word
One of three danger words:
(1) Caution
(2) Warning
(3) Danger or Danger Poison
These words represent the
product‘s potential hazards to
humans.
Caution is least hazardous.
Danger Poison is the most hazardous.
55. Statement of First Aid
What to do if someone swallows,
breathes or contacts the product, or
gets the product on their skin or in
their eyes
A ‗Note to Physicians‘, which provides
Drs. with specific information, may
also be included.
56. Ingredients Statement – Active
Ingredients
Identifies the ‗active ingredient(s)‘,
which is/are the ingredient(s)
that control the pest.
57. Ingredients Statement - Inert
Ingredients
Gives the % of other/inert ingredients
These ingredients do not control
the pest, but serves another purpose.
This purpose may be to dissolve
the active ingredient(s) or to
affect how the product works.
63. Common Label Violations
• If a little is good, more is better.
• If the label says it works great in the
driveway, it should be dynamite in the
garden!
• If it says to use it every 2 weeks, it should
work even better every week!
• There‘s just a little bit left over…I‘ll pour it
down the drain.
• Gloves are for sissies.
64. What you can do…
• Apply at a dose, concentration or frequency less than
that listed on the label, but never more!
• Use any appropriate equipment not specifically
prohibited by the label.
• Apply a pesticide for a pest not listed on the label if
the plant or other target is listed.
• Mix with pesticide(s) and/or fertilizer(s) not
specifically prohibited.
– Always test for compatibility!
65. When should you read the label?
1 2 3 4 5
25%
5%
70%
0%
0%
1. Before purchase
2. Before using
product
3. Before storing
product
4. Before disposing of
product
5. All of the above
66. The Pesticide Label
• Read the label…
– Before purchasing the product.
– Before using the product.
– Before storing the product.
– Before disposing of the product or empty
container.
68. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Apparel and devices worn to protect the body
from contact with pesticides.
• PPE includes:
– Coveralls
– Chemical-resistant suits, gloves, footwear
– Protective eyewear
– Respirators
• You are legally required to follow all PPE
instructions on the label.
– Label will commonly require ―long-sleeved shirt
and long pants‖ (not defined as PPE).
70. Types of Clothing
• Chemical resistant
– Rubber, neoprene
– Plastic
– Non-woven fabric (coated with plastic)
• Non-chemical resistant
– Cotton
– Leather
– Canvas
71. Pesticide labeling will instruct you on the
personal protective equipment that you need
to wear when mixing, handling and applying
the product.
72. The use of chemical-resistant gloves can
reduce dermal exposure by as much as
99%
73. For most pesticides, plastic disposable
gloves will provide adequate protection.
74. Boots come in a variety of materials and styles.
Consider using chemical-resistant materials
when there is a chance that pesticides,
especially concentrates, will get on your feet.
PVC boots
provide best
protection
75. Remember: clothing articles made of canvas,
denim and leather absorb pesticides. You can
do yourself more harm than good when wearing
these and applying pesticides.
76. When the label calls for protective eyewear,
choose safety glasses, goggles or a face
shield. Regular eyeglasses are not protective
eyewear!
78. If possible, line-dry clothing that is used in
pesticide applications. Sunlight helps to break
down any pesticide residues that may remain in
clothing.
83. Some pesticides
are pre-mixed or
packaged in
containers that
double as
applicators.
Copyright 2006, Oregon State University, all rights reserved.
84. Copyright 2006, Oregon State University, all rights reserved.
Hose End and Compression
Sprayers
85. Hose-end Sprayers
• Hose-end sprayers are proportioners that
mix a concentrated pesticide with water and
emit a spray of diluted pesticide.
Container
Lid
(Siphon Tube
Inside Container)
86. When using a hose-end sprayer:
• Place anti-siphon device between sprayer and water
source to prevent back siphoning of pesticides into
your water system.
Anti-backflow
device
87. Compression Sprayers
• Pressurized
sprayers with a
hand-operated
pump.
• Best for spot
applications.
• Require regular
pumping for
effective spray
application. Hand-held
Compression Sprayer
88. Mixing & Loading
• Requires extra precautions due to:
– Breezes
– Splashing
– Pesticides in concentrated forms
• When using pesticides, NEVER eat, drink or
smoke.
• Doublecheck label directions each time you
mix pesticides. Labels change and memories
fail!
89. Keep in mind that after you
have handled pesticides, you
can still transfer their
residues to:
*people
*animals
*the telephone
*furniture and carpeting
*tools
*any object
90. Vehicle Safety Nevers…
• Carry pesticides in the passenger
section
• Allow children, pets or other
passengers to ride with pesticides
• Transport pesticides with food,
clothing or other things meant to be
eaten by or in contact with people or
animals
• Leave your vehicle unattended when
pesticides are unlocked in the vehicle
92. Calibration & Calculating Amounts
• Necessary to ensure proper application rates.
• Two approaches:
1. Apply to wet the plant or foliage.
2. Apply to cover a surface of known area.
• Spray plain water until plants/area covered (count time)
• Spray plain water in bucket for the time counted.
– How much water do you have?
• Calculate pesticide to be added to that amount of water.
http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/pnw/pnw320/
94. Pesticide Storage
• Keep pesticides to a
minimum, to reduce
storage needs.
• Follow label instructions.
• Keep pesticides in original
containers!
• Store in leak-proof
containers.
• Store out of reach of
children and pets.
• Never store near food,
feed or medicines.
• Avoid temperature
extremes and moisture.
96. Disposal of Pesticide Containers
• Empty containers (not banned):
– Cardboard containers in trash (not burned).
– Triple rinse glass/plastic; apply rinse water.
– Dispose of empty container in trash, or recycle if
possible.
– Poke holes in plastic/cardboard containers and
wrap in newspaper to discourage reuse.
Containers in which pesticides have
been allowed to dry are difficult—if not
impossible—to rinse properly
97. Triple Rinsing
• Empty the pesticide into the sprayer tank and
let the container drain for 30 seconds.
• Fill the container 10% to 20% full of water or
rinse solution.
• Swirl the container to rinse all inside surfaces.
• Remove cover from the container.
• Add the rinsate from the container to sprayer
tank and let drain for 30 seconds or more.
• Repeat these steps two more times, before
letting the pesticide container dry
98. Disposal of Pesticide Containers
• Leftover pesticide or banned products:
– Oregon Department of Environmental Quality,
Hazardous Household Waste Collection Events
– http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/sw/hhw/events.htm
Hazardous waste
collection event
in Portland, OR
99. Resources for Oregonians
• National Pesticide Information Center:
http://npic.orst.edu/
• Oregon Dept. of Environmental Quality
– 1-800-452-4011
– 1-503-229-5913
• For information about scheduled hazardous
waste collection events across Oregon:
– 1-800-732-9253