EXTERNAL BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS IMPACT ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS IN MUTUAL FUNDS -A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADA REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH STATE
The study collects data from a sample of individual investors and analyses their responses to recent financial events, changes in market trends, and economic forecasts. By examining factors such as demographic profiles, financial literacy, risk tolerance, and market perceptions, the research aims to identify significant predictors of investment decisions in this demographic. The findings suggest that investors are predominantly influenced by financial news, peer influence, past investment performance, and the economic stability of the region. This study contributes to the field by highlighting the localized factors impacting investment choices and providing insights for financial advisors and investment firms to tailor their strategies according to investor needs and regional specifics.
Factors Influencing Investment Decisions of Retail Investors- A Descriptive S...inventionjournals
Investment decisions have gained importance due to the general increase in employment opportunities and economic development of a nation. Awareness of investment avenues has led to the ability and willingness of working people to save and invest their funds for returns, in that perspective this study was conducted. The volatile behaviour of markets has challenged the hypothesis of efficient markets which motivates ones to understand the driving forces behind it. It is the major concern for academicians, investors and portfolio managers to understand the reasons causing irrationality in the markets. This paper uses the theory of behavioural finance to examine the factors influencing investment decisions of individual investors. From the extensive literature review, it was found that there is no single factor which influences the investment decisions of an individual. Moreover factors influencing investment decision varies from time to time, place to place, person to person, securities to securities etc. It was suggested that the policy makers of investment avenues must consider all the variables and its impact on the investors investment decisions while introducing any investment avenues to the market.
investors' perception towards investment avenues with reference to mangalore ...abhinaya19
This document discusses investors' perceptions of different investment avenues in India. It begins by introducing the importance of capital formation and investment for economic development. It then discusses how capital markets develop as economies grow. There are many financial assets or investment options available in India, each with their own strengths and weaknesses in terms of risk and return. The document aims to understand investors' preferences among these options and how demographic factors influence their decisions. It outlines the objectives, hypotheses, methodology, and limitations of the research study, which uses a survey approach to examine how gender, age, income, and other demographic variables relate to risk tolerance and investment choices.
Behavioural Finance Paradigms and Its Influences on Investment Decisions and ...ijtsrd
According to conventional theory of stock market, the institutional investors and individual investors are rational by nature who would like to maximize their wealth within a stipulated period. However, there are many paradigms related to financial behaviour of individuals where it influences their investment decisions, leading to behave in irrational ways. Most of the investor's attitude towards investment states that their attitudinal behaviour always influences their investment decisions and will have an impact on their portfolios, so it clearly states that the psychological aspects of investor's will always have an impact on investment pattern what they choose and helps them to decide their investment avenues. Behavioral finance predicts the trading behavior of investors based on some paradigms in the stock market and is used as a basis for creating more efficient trading strategies for the purpose of maximizing returns. In this research study attempt has been made to understand and explain the impact of behavioural paradigms of financial market influencing on individual trading and investment behaviour around the world as well as the efforts has been made to put forth to find out the paradigms and its reasons for existence and acceptance of behavioural biases in the modern financial theory. In present scenario there are most cases where the performance of the financial market depends on the attitude of investors who invest in criterion portfolio and play a major role towards the investment, so there is a need of studying the above said existing paradigms for the purpose of evaluating the performance of various stocks and shares of the organizations and others in the financial market. And the research has proved that behavioural finance influences the investment decision making and their trading behaviour and also have an impact on the equity market as well. Dr. H. Prakash | Rekha D. M "Behavioural Finance Paradigms and Its Influences on Investment Decisions and Performance of Equity Market- A Study in Bangalore" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29614.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29614/behavioural-finance-paradigms-and-its-influences-on-investment-decisions-and-performance-of-equity-market--a-study-in-bangalore/dr-h-prakash
Fiduciary or paper money is issued by the Central Bank on the basis of
computation of estimated demand for cash. Monetary policy guides the Central
Bank’s supply of money in order to achieve the objectives of price stability (or low
inflation rate), full employment, and growth in aggregate income.
A Study on Factors Influencing Investment Decision Regarding Various Financia...ijtsrd
In the current era of financial inclusion, digitalization and economy driving towards a faster pace, the investors are very much concerned about their savings which can be transferred into investments. The main purpose of investment is to maximize the returns out of it with minimum expenses and risk. There are various factors which affect the investment decision like demographic factors and behavioural biases which decides the type, tenure, amount of the investment. This paper explores that return, advice, tax benefit, liquidity risk appetite of the investors altogether plays a significant part in influencing the investors. Is there any impact of demographic factors like age, gender and income on factors influencing investment decision tried to find out. The results show that factors influencing the investment decision are influenced by income level not by age and gender. Dr. Ankit Jain | Mr Raj Tandel "A Study on Factors Influencing Investment Decision Regarding Various Financial Products" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33678.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/33678/a-study-on-factors-influencing-investment-decision-regarding-various-financial-products/dr-ankit-jain
This document summarizes a research study that examined factors affecting the savings and investment behavior of young professionals in Calapan City, Philippines. The study collected data through surveys from 134 young professionals aged 25-35. It analyzed how socio-demographic factors like age, gender, marital status and education level, economic factors like income level, and psychological factors like financial literacy, parental financial education, and peer influence impacted savings and investment behavior. Statistical tests like weighted mean, chi-square, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings provided insight into the challenges young professionals face in financial management and why many avoid diverse financial activities. The results could help financial institutions improve services for young professionals and influence long-term economic growth
Factors Influencing Investment Decisions of Retail Investors- A Descriptive S...inventionjournals
Investment decisions have gained importance due to the general increase in employment opportunities and economic development of a nation. Awareness of investment avenues has led to the ability and willingness of working people to save and invest their funds for returns, in that perspective this study was conducted. The volatile behaviour of markets has challenged the hypothesis of efficient markets which motivates ones to understand the driving forces behind it. It is the major concern for academicians, investors and portfolio managers to understand the reasons causing irrationality in the markets. This paper uses the theory of behavioural finance to examine the factors influencing investment decisions of individual investors. From the extensive literature review, it was found that there is no single factor which influences the investment decisions of an individual. Moreover factors influencing investment decision varies from time to time, place to place, person to person, securities to securities etc. It was suggested that the policy makers of investment avenues must consider all the variables and its impact on the investors investment decisions while introducing any investment avenues to the market.
investors' perception towards investment avenues with reference to mangalore ...abhinaya19
This document discusses investors' perceptions of different investment avenues in India. It begins by introducing the importance of capital formation and investment for economic development. It then discusses how capital markets develop as economies grow. There are many financial assets or investment options available in India, each with their own strengths and weaknesses in terms of risk and return. The document aims to understand investors' preferences among these options and how demographic factors influence their decisions. It outlines the objectives, hypotheses, methodology, and limitations of the research study, which uses a survey approach to examine how gender, age, income, and other demographic variables relate to risk tolerance and investment choices.
Behavioural Finance Paradigms and Its Influences on Investment Decisions and ...ijtsrd
According to conventional theory of stock market, the institutional investors and individual investors are rational by nature who would like to maximize their wealth within a stipulated period. However, there are many paradigms related to financial behaviour of individuals where it influences their investment decisions, leading to behave in irrational ways. Most of the investor's attitude towards investment states that their attitudinal behaviour always influences their investment decisions and will have an impact on their portfolios, so it clearly states that the psychological aspects of investor's will always have an impact on investment pattern what they choose and helps them to decide their investment avenues. Behavioral finance predicts the trading behavior of investors based on some paradigms in the stock market and is used as a basis for creating more efficient trading strategies for the purpose of maximizing returns. In this research study attempt has been made to understand and explain the impact of behavioural paradigms of financial market influencing on individual trading and investment behaviour around the world as well as the efforts has been made to put forth to find out the paradigms and its reasons for existence and acceptance of behavioural biases in the modern financial theory. In present scenario there are most cases where the performance of the financial market depends on the attitude of investors who invest in criterion portfolio and play a major role towards the investment, so there is a need of studying the above said existing paradigms for the purpose of evaluating the performance of various stocks and shares of the organizations and others in the financial market. And the research has proved that behavioural finance influences the investment decision making and their trading behaviour and also have an impact on the equity market as well. Dr. H. Prakash | Rekha D. M "Behavioural Finance Paradigms and Its Influences on Investment Decisions and Performance of Equity Market- A Study in Bangalore" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29614.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29614/behavioural-finance-paradigms-and-its-influences-on-investment-decisions-and-performance-of-equity-market--a-study-in-bangalore/dr-h-prakash
Fiduciary or paper money is issued by the Central Bank on the basis of
computation of estimated demand for cash. Monetary policy guides the Central
Bank’s supply of money in order to achieve the objectives of price stability (or low
inflation rate), full employment, and growth in aggregate income.
A Study on Factors Influencing Investment Decision Regarding Various Financia...ijtsrd
In the current era of financial inclusion, digitalization and economy driving towards a faster pace, the investors are very much concerned about their savings which can be transferred into investments. The main purpose of investment is to maximize the returns out of it with minimum expenses and risk. There are various factors which affect the investment decision like demographic factors and behavioural biases which decides the type, tenure, amount of the investment. This paper explores that return, advice, tax benefit, liquidity risk appetite of the investors altogether plays a significant part in influencing the investors. Is there any impact of demographic factors like age, gender and income on factors influencing investment decision tried to find out. The results show that factors influencing the investment decision are influenced by income level not by age and gender. Dr. Ankit Jain | Mr Raj Tandel "A Study on Factors Influencing Investment Decision Regarding Various Financial Products" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33678.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/33678/a-study-on-factors-influencing-investment-decision-regarding-various-financial-products/dr-ankit-jain
This document summarizes a research study that examined factors affecting the savings and investment behavior of young professionals in Calapan City, Philippines. The study collected data through surveys from 134 young professionals aged 25-35. It analyzed how socio-demographic factors like age, gender, marital status and education level, economic factors like income level, and psychological factors like financial literacy, parental financial education, and peer influence impacted savings and investment behavior. Statistical tests like weighted mean, chi-square, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings provided insight into the challenges young professionals face in financial management and why many avoid diverse financial activities. The results could help financial institutions improve services for young professionals and influence long-term economic growth
An analysis of investors behavior while making investment decisionaamirank
This document analyzes investors' behavior when making investment decisions. It aims to understand how psychological factors like risk perception, risk propensity, and information asymmetry impact investment choices. A study model is developed to examine the effect of these independent variables on risk perception and investment decisions. The study finds that investor behavior depends on how risk is framed and how prone they are to taking risks. It concludes different investors have different investment styles based on these psychological factors. A survey was conducted of 60 investors in India to analyze how demographics, income, occupation, and other variables influence investment preferences and risk tolerance levels. The findings suggest risk aversion increases with age while income and investments are positively correlated. Occupation was also found to impact preferred investment aven
This document summarizes a research study on factors influencing individual investor behavior. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from 200 investors of a financial services company in Coimbatore, India. The questionnaire covered personal factors like gender, age, income as well as behavioral factors like financial tolerance, risk tolerance, and financial literacy. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. The results found that accounting information has the most influence on investment decisions, while neutral information has the least influence. Additionally, behavioral factors like financial tolerance, emotional risk tolerance, and financial literacy also impact individual investor behavior. Suggestions are provided based on the analysis to improve understanding of factors affecting individual investment decisions.
This document summarizes a research article that analyzes the influence of characteristics of mutual funds on investment decisions. It begins with background on mutual funds and how they pool savings from individual investors. The study aims to understand what factors drive people's decisions to invest in mutual funds by looking specifically at how characteristics of the mutual funds themselves influence those decisions. The hypotheses are that there is a positive relationship between mutual fund characteristics and investment decisions, or there is not. The methodology uses both secondary data from literature and primary data collection to test this.
Evaluating the Effect of Financial Knowledge on Investment Decisions of Inves...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This document analyzes the effect of financial knowledge on investment decisions of 200 investors from Gandhinagar District in India. It finds that urban investors have significantly higher average financial knowledge scores than rural investors, based on their answers to questions testing understanding of financial terms, risk, return, and investment avenues. A structured questionnaire was administered to 100 rural and 100 urban investors through quota sampling. Statistical analysis using mean scores, correlation, z-tests and regression found that investors with higher financial knowledge scores made more rational investment decisions based on risk and return analysis, rather than just opinions of others. The study aims to evaluate how financial knowledge impacts choice of investment options.
Evaluation Research on Development Level of Energy InternetDr. Amarjeet Singh
This document analyzes the effect of financial knowledge on investment decisions of 200 investors from Gandhinagar District in India. It finds that urban investors have significantly higher average financial knowledge scores than rural investors, based on their answers to questions testing understanding of financial terms, risk, return, and investment avenues. A questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, financial knowledge, perceptions of risk and return of different investments, and actual investment decisions. The findings suggest that greater financial knowledge is correlated with more rational investment decisions based on risk-return analysis rather than just opinions of others.
Macroeconomic Variables and Financial Sector Output in Nigeriaijtsrd
The study investigated the effect of selected macroeconomic variables on the financial sector of Nigeria from 1986 to 2018. The study employed monetary target variables, namely money supply, interest rate, inflation rate, exchange rate and credit to private sector as proxies for macroeconomic variables while the outputs from financial sector on as dependent variable. The data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, were tested subjected to Augmented Dickey Fuller ADF test of stationarity, descriptive statistics, and Autoregressive Distributive Lag ARDL . The results revealed that macroeconomic variables has 99 significant short run effect but no significant long run effects on financial sector output in Nigeria. Specific findings revealed that money Supply M2 and Exchange Rate EXR have significant positive relationships with growth of the financial sector at current and third lags, respectively but inflation rate has a significant negative effect on financial sector output in the current period, while Interest rate INT and Credit to Private Sector had no significant effect on financial sector output within the short run periods in Nigeria. It thus recommended that the government employ inflation stabilisation policies and encourage export, and close borders to import on financial services into Nigeria. Dr. Loretta Anayoozuah | Prof. Steve N. Ibenta | Dr. Ikenna Egungwu "Macroeconomic Variables and Financial Sector Output in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37966.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/37966/macroeconomic-variables-and-financial-sector-output-in-nigeria/dr-loretta-anayoozuah
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The Influential Investor. How UHNW and HNW investor behaviour is redefining p...Scorpio Partnership
The Influential Investor examines the forces that will shape the future of the wealth and investment management industry over the next ten years. The paper delves into the factors that influence UHNW investor behaviour and the ways investors are rethinking their goals for the future. Scorpio Partnership worked alongside the Economist Intelligence Unit and TNS as the recognised specialist on HNW insight
2. personality influences socially responsible investments (sri) the role of ...Emran Rasheed
This document summarizes a research study that examined how personality traits and religiosity influence socially responsible investment (SRI) decisions among individuals in Pakistan. The study found that personality traits like agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness significantly impact financial decision making regarding SRI. Additionally, religiosity was found to strengthen the relationship between agreeableness and intention to invest in SRI. The study helps increase understanding of how different personality dimensions influence investment styles and reflects the importance of SRI for individuals in less developed countries like Pakistan.
Investment Decision Making for Small Individual Investors – A Study with Spec...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on investment decision making among small individual investors in Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India. The study aims to understand the personal, technical, and situational factors that influence investment decisions for small investors. It also examines common mistakes made by investors like selling investments too soon or holding on to losing investments too long. The study uses a survey methodology to collect data from 200 small investors in the region and analyzes how investment experience relates to investment objectives. The findings can help small investors better understand behavioral biases and make more effective investment decisions.
A Study on Investors’ Awareness Level towards Nidhi Companies (Benefit Funds)IOSRJBM
Most of the investors are found to be unaware about investment avenues, rules and regulations. With the rising state of economy, it is the middle and lower middle class that are prone to bear the brunt of a financial burden. In such a situation, family breadwinners find it extremely difficult to save since most investment mechanisms cater to larger amounts. Banking and Non Banking Sectors helps especially the middle and lower middle income people to save and invest in a better way. Thus Nidhi companies one of the type of NBFCS’ in India provide the easiest and most effective solutions for investment and savings with wide scope and potential for monetary growth. Thus this paper aims to study about the investors’ awareness level towards Nidhi Companies
CUSTOMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS DIFFERENT INVESTMENT AVENUSVenkatasaiMalla
1. The document analyzes customer perception towards different investment avenues based on a study of 110 respondents in India.
2. It finds that most respondents were between 20-30 years old, invested for long-term goals like retirement and children's education, and sought advice from family and magazines on investment decisions.
3. The study concluded that perceptions of different investment avenues like stocks, gold, and savings accounts varied across age groups and income levels but the decision-making process was generally similar regardless of gender. Safety, returns, and risk tolerance most influenced investment choices.
A Study of Behavioural Factors Affecting Individual Investment Decisionsijtsrd
Although finance has been studied for thousands of years, behavioral finance which considers the human behaviour in finance is a pretty new area. Behavioral finance theories, which might be based totally at the psychology, try to apprehend how feelings and cognitive mistakes impact man or woman traders' behaviour buyers referred to on this look at are referred to person traders .The primary goal of this have a look at is exploring the behavioral factors influencing person buyers' selections on the NSE and BSE Stock Exchange. Furthermore, the members of the family among these elements and funding overall performance also are tested. The have a look at begins with the present theories in behavioral finance, based totally on which, hypotheses are proposed. Then, those hypotheses are examined via the questionnaires dispensed to individual buyers on the Broking Firms, college students and professionals. The data collected from the Stock Broking firms, Students, Professionals through structured questionnaire were examined and data collected were analyzed using Cronbachs Alpha Reliability Test, based totally on which, hypotheses are proposed. The result indicates that there are 5 behavioral elements affecting the funding selections of person investors at the NSE and BSE Stock Exchange Herding, Market, Prospect, Overconfidence gamble's fallacy, and Anchoring ability bias. Most of these elements have mild impacts whereas Market element has high affect. This test also tries to discover the correlation among these behavioral factors and investment overall performance. Among the behavioral factors referred to above, best 3 elements are located to influence the Investment Performance Herding inclusive of shopping for and promoting choice of trading shares extent of buying and selling stocks velocity of herding , Prospect such as loss aversion, remorse aversion, and mental accounting , and Heuristic inclusive of overconfidence and gamble's fallacy . The heuristic behaviors are determined to have the highest advantageous impact at the investment overall performance while the herding behaviors are stated to persuade undoubtedly the investment overall performance on the lower degree. In assessment, the possibility behaviors provide the negative impact on the funding overall performance. Pawankumar S Hallale | Manjiri Gadekar "A Study of Behavioural Factors Affecting Individual Investment Decisions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/28100/a-study-of-behavioural-factors-affecting-individual-investment-decisions/pawankumar-s-hallale
1) The document discusses the impact of marketing financial instruments like mutual funds on younger generations. It provides an introduction to investments and financial instruments.
2) It then evaluates several mutual funds based on factors like performance history, risk, fees, size, experience, and portfolio. Younger investors are encouraged to start early, diversify, and understand their risk tolerance.
3) The conclusion is that mutual funds can help younger investors achieve long-term growth and goals if they start investing early, diversify their portfolios, and make informed decisions based on their risk tolerance. However, marketing should educate without creating unrealistic expectations.
Investment behavior of individual investoramicable
This document discusses understanding the investment behavior of individual investors. It begins by introducing behavioral finance as a new paradigm that examines how human psychology and irrational behavior can influence financial markets, as traditional theories assume rational behavior. The document then discusses the research objectives of identifying determinants of individual investor behavior and their impact on decision making. Several theories are discussed, including the efficient market hypothesis and emergence of behavioral finance as a new paradigm. The remainder of the document outlines the theoretical framework and introduces concepts from behavioral finance like overconfidence, optimism and risk attitude that will be examined to understand their influence on individual investor decision making.
A Study On Determinants Of Private Investment Activity A Case Study Of Debre...Joaquin Hamad
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of private investment activity in Debre Tabor Town, Ethiopia. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods to identify factors that influence investment from the perspective of 103 private investors. These factors included expected returns, business confidence, interest rates, corruption, savings levels, infrastructure development, and political stability. The study found that these determinants significantly impacted private investment activity in the town. Recommendations were made to policymakers on how to address challenges and promote greater private investment.
Impact of Financial Knowledge of Investors Investment Making Decisionsijtsrd
The objective of the study is to find the impact of financial knowledge of investors on their investment making decisions. Investors are said to rational but due to the human nature, biasness comes into picture while making investment decisions. Financial literacy and financial knowledge are taken as an imperative terms for regulating human nature of investors while making essential investment decisions The study was conducted on 150 investors in the city of PUNE. The data was collected through structured questionnaire and data so obtained was analyzed with the help of SPSS software. Sunil Deshpande | Dr. Sanjay Patankar "Impact of Financial Knowledge of Investors Investment Making Decisions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42536.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/42536/impact-of-financial-knowledge-of-investors-investment-making-decisions/sunil-deshpande
A Study of Determinants Influencing Financial Literacy of Individual Investor...RSIS International
Investment scenario is changing very fast and financial
literacy impacts financial decisions of individual investors. The
present study is exploratory in nature and determines the factor
that affects financial literacy and how they affect decision
making. The sample consist of 649 individual investors to obtain
information through structured questionnaire from various
parts of India The result indicated that there are seven most
influencing factors of financial literacy that affects investor
decision making are: Attitude, Knowledge, Budgeting Habits,
liquidity, self analytical skills, Emotional Inclination and Goal
Planning. This study will help to determine strategies which will
help to improve financial literacy of an individual investors.
An Empirical Study On The Determinants Of An Investor S Decision In Unit Trus...Sara Alvarez
This document summarizes a research study on the factors that influence an investor's decision to invest in unit trusts in Malaysia. The study hypothesized that financial status, risk tolerance, expected investment returns, and access to investment information would significantly impact investment decisions. A survey of 202 investors found that financial status, risk tolerance, and sources of information did significantly influence investment behavior, but expected returns did not have a clear relationship. The findings help financial institutions understand investor preferences to better target customers and promote unit trust investments.
A Study on Investors Perception towards Mutual Fund Investments (With Special...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This examination on Investors acknowledgment
towards and late improvement and headway of Mutual Fund
premiums in Alwar city goes under the board an area of
organization publicizing. In the wide thought of organization
publicizing it exclusively centers around the exhibiting of cash
related organization specifically basic resources. Well ordered
Indian budgetary market is getting the chance to be engaged
and the supply of various fiscal instruments ought to be in
parity to the premium perspectives of the monetary
authorities. The prime drive of any hypothesis is to get most
extraordinary returned with a base danger and normal
resources allow to the budgetary masters. The examination
gives an information into the sorts of risks which exist in a
mutual save plan. The data was assembled from shared save
budgetary authorities similarly as non basic store examiners of
this industry. The investigation bases on the association
between theory decision and factors like liquidity, cash related
care, and demography. It was found commonly safe resources
and liquidity of store plot are having influence on the
budgetary authority's acumen for placing assets into the
mutual save. With the more broad thought of the distinctive
components of organization publicizing, thing care, mark
tendencies, and money related authority's satisfaction are the
specific regions of the examination. The other displaying limits
like thing progression publicize division, channels of
exhibiting, thing life cycle, scale headway procedures and their
impact of Marketing are completely disposed of from the audit
of this examination. So likewise the availability of substitute
aftereffect of normal hold units and their impact on this
organization thing it also rejected in the examination. In
reality, even in the normal store monetary authorities lead also
the researcher concentrate only the urban theorists and their
anxiety for this examination work. The rustic speculator's
perspectives are totally barred from the investigation.
USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT OF INDIAN ECO...indexPub
Purpose: Foreign direct investment (FDI) altogether influences the beneficiary country's financial development, making it more stable, high-quality, and healthy, according to this empirical study based on the present stage of economic development. Thus, every country encountering financial globalization is attempting to lay out a serious business climate to increment worldwide speculation. Design/Methodology/Approach: the main objective of this study is based on Institutional quality or Evidence and I selected 5 factors Institutional Metrics like Voice and Accountability, Civil liberties, Women in parliament, Corruption perceptions, Political rights from DPIIT website (Secondary Data) for the period 2018-2023. Static analysis methods such as the Unit Root Test, the ARDL Approach, and SEM are being used. Originality/Value: The experts in this study used OLS (Least Squares) regression: Foreign direct investment (FDI) streams were the focal point of the exploration. The impact of institutional qualities on unfamiliar direct speculation streams has been explored utilizing the customary least square methodology. Findings: Institutional metrics of government efficacy and corruption have shown a shortrun link with foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, according to the research, which used the ARDL model to find that these indicators had positive coefficient values. As far as institutional markers like law and order, administrative quality, and voice and responsibility, the review found that political stability had a long-term association with foreign direct investment flows (7.4578 > 4.16), placing it above the upper peasant table.
SUSTAINABLE INVESTING UNVEILED: THE ROLE OF BOND RATINGS IN GUIDING GREEN BON...indexPub
The increasing urgency to address climate change has propelled sustainable investing into the spotlight, with green bonds emerging as a pivotal instrument for mobilizing the capital required for environmental projects. This study delves into the critical role that bond ratings play in guiding investments in green bonds, shedding light on how these ratings influence investor confidence and the allocation of funds towards sustainable initiatives. By employing a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of green bond performance with qualitative interviews from industry experts, this research offers a comprehensive overview of the interplay between bond ratings and green bond investments. The findings suggest that higher bond ratings, often indicative of lower risk and better sustainability credentials, significantly impact the attractiveness of green bonds to investors. Additionally, the study examines the evolution of rating criteria to encompass environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors, highlighting the shift towards more holistic assessments of investment risk and potential. This research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable finance by providing insights into the mechanisms through which bond ratings can facilitate more informed and impactful green bond investments.
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An analysis of investors behavior while making investment decisionaamirank
This document analyzes investors' behavior when making investment decisions. It aims to understand how psychological factors like risk perception, risk propensity, and information asymmetry impact investment choices. A study model is developed to examine the effect of these independent variables on risk perception and investment decisions. The study finds that investor behavior depends on how risk is framed and how prone they are to taking risks. It concludes different investors have different investment styles based on these psychological factors. A survey was conducted of 60 investors in India to analyze how demographics, income, occupation, and other variables influence investment preferences and risk tolerance levels. The findings suggest risk aversion increases with age while income and investments are positively correlated. Occupation was also found to impact preferred investment aven
This document summarizes a research study on factors influencing individual investor behavior. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from 200 investors of a financial services company in Coimbatore, India. The questionnaire covered personal factors like gender, age, income as well as behavioral factors like financial tolerance, risk tolerance, and financial literacy. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. The results found that accounting information has the most influence on investment decisions, while neutral information has the least influence. Additionally, behavioral factors like financial tolerance, emotional risk tolerance, and financial literacy also impact individual investor behavior. Suggestions are provided based on the analysis to improve understanding of factors affecting individual investment decisions.
This document summarizes a research article that analyzes the influence of characteristics of mutual funds on investment decisions. It begins with background on mutual funds and how they pool savings from individual investors. The study aims to understand what factors drive people's decisions to invest in mutual funds by looking specifically at how characteristics of the mutual funds themselves influence those decisions. The hypotheses are that there is a positive relationship between mutual fund characteristics and investment decisions, or there is not. The methodology uses both secondary data from literature and primary data collection to test this.
Evaluating the Effect of Financial Knowledge on Investment Decisions of Inves...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This document analyzes the effect of financial knowledge on investment decisions of 200 investors from Gandhinagar District in India. It finds that urban investors have significantly higher average financial knowledge scores than rural investors, based on their answers to questions testing understanding of financial terms, risk, return, and investment avenues. A structured questionnaire was administered to 100 rural and 100 urban investors through quota sampling. Statistical analysis using mean scores, correlation, z-tests and regression found that investors with higher financial knowledge scores made more rational investment decisions based on risk and return analysis, rather than just opinions of others. The study aims to evaluate how financial knowledge impacts choice of investment options.
Evaluation Research on Development Level of Energy InternetDr. Amarjeet Singh
This document analyzes the effect of financial knowledge on investment decisions of 200 investors from Gandhinagar District in India. It finds that urban investors have significantly higher average financial knowledge scores than rural investors, based on their answers to questions testing understanding of financial terms, risk, return, and investment avenues. A questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, financial knowledge, perceptions of risk and return of different investments, and actual investment decisions. The findings suggest that greater financial knowledge is correlated with more rational investment decisions based on risk-return analysis rather than just opinions of others.
Macroeconomic Variables and Financial Sector Output in Nigeriaijtsrd
The study investigated the effect of selected macroeconomic variables on the financial sector of Nigeria from 1986 to 2018. The study employed monetary target variables, namely money supply, interest rate, inflation rate, exchange rate and credit to private sector as proxies for macroeconomic variables while the outputs from financial sector on as dependent variable. The data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, were tested subjected to Augmented Dickey Fuller ADF test of stationarity, descriptive statistics, and Autoregressive Distributive Lag ARDL . The results revealed that macroeconomic variables has 99 significant short run effect but no significant long run effects on financial sector output in Nigeria. Specific findings revealed that money Supply M2 and Exchange Rate EXR have significant positive relationships with growth of the financial sector at current and third lags, respectively but inflation rate has a significant negative effect on financial sector output in the current period, while Interest rate INT and Credit to Private Sector had no significant effect on financial sector output within the short run periods in Nigeria. It thus recommended that the government employ inflation stabilisation policies and encourage export, and close borders to import on financial services into Nigeria. Dr. Loretta Anayoozuah | Prof. Steve N. Ibenta | Dr. Ikenna Egungwu "Macroeconomic Variables and Financial Sector Output in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37966.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/37966/macroeconomic-variables-and-financial-sector-output-in-nigeria/dr-loretta-anayoozuah
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The Influential Investor. How UHNW and HNW investor behaviour is redefining p...Scorpio Partnership
The Influential Investor examines the forces that will shape the future of the wealth and investment management industry over the next ten years. The paper delves into the factors that influence UHNW investor behaviour and the ways investors are rethinking their goals for the future. Scorpio Partnership worked alongside the Economist Intelligence Unit and TNS as the recognised specialist on HNW insight
2. personality influences socially responsible investments (sri) the role of ...Emran Rasheed
This document summarizes a research study that examined how personality traits and religiosity influence socially responsible investment (SRI) decisions among individuals in Pakistan. The study found that personality traits like agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness significantly impact financial decision making regarding SRI. Additionally, religiosity was found to strengthen the relationship between agreeableness and intention to invest in SRI. The study helps increase understanding of how different personality dimensions influence investment styles and reflects the importance of SRI for individuals in less developed countries like Pakistan.
Investment Decision Making for Small Individual Investors – A Study with Spec...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on investment decision making among small individual investors in Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India. The study aims to understand the personal, technical, and situational factors that influence investment decisions for small investors. It also examines common mistakes made by investors like selling investments too soon or holding on to losing investments too long. The study uses a survey methodology to collect data from 200 small investors in the region and analyzes how investment experience relates to investment objectives. The findings can help small investors better understand behavioral biases and make more effective investment decisions.
A Study on Investors’ Awareness Level towards Nidhi Companies (Benefit Funds)IOSRJBM
Most of the investors are found to be unaware about investment avenues, rules and regulations. With the rising state of economy, it is the middle and lower middle class that are prone to bear the brunt of a financial burden. In such a situation, family breadwinners find it extremely difficult to save since most investment mechanisms cater to larger amounts. Banking and Non Banking Sectors helps especially the middle and lower middle income people to save and invest in a better way. Thus Nidhi companies one of the type of NBFCS’ in India provide the easiest and most effective solutions for investment and savings with wide scope and potential for monetary growth. Thus this paper aims to study about the investors’ awareness level towards Nidhi Companies
CUSTOMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS DIFFERENT INVESTMENT AVENUSVenkatasaiMalla
1. The document analyzes customer perception towards different investment avenues based on a study of 110 respondents in India.
2. It finds that most respondents were between 20-30 years old, invested for long-term goals like retirement and children's education, and sought advice from family and magazines on investment decisions.
3. The study concluded that perceptions of different investment avenues like stocks, gold, and savings accounts varied across age groups and income levels but the decision-making process was generally similar regardless of gender. Safety, returns, and risk tolerance most influenced investment choices.
A Study of Behavioural Factors Affecting Individual Investment Decisionsijtsrd
Although finance has been studied for thousands of years, behavioral finance which considers the human behaviour in finance is a pretty new area. Behavioral finance theories, which might be based totally at the psychology, try to apprehend how feelings and cognitive mistakes impact man or woman traders' behaviour buyers referred to on this look at are referred to person traders .The primary goal of this have a look at is exploring the behavioral factors influencing person buyers' selections on the NSE and BSE Stock Exchange. Furthermore, the members of the family among these elements and funding overall performance also are tested. The have a look at begins with the present theories in behavioral finance, based totally on which, hypotheses are proposed. Then, those hypotheses are examined via the questionnaires dispensed to individual buyers on the Broking Firms, college students and professionals. The data collected from the Stock Broking firms, Students, Professionals through structured questionnaire were examined and data collected were analyzed using Cronbachs Alpha Reliability Test, based totally on which, hypotheses are proposed. The result indicates that there are 5 behavioral elements affecting the funding selections of person investors at the NSE and BSE Stock Exchange Herding, Market, Prospect, Overconfidence gamble's fallacy, and Anchoring ability bias. Most of these elements have mild impacts whereas Market element has high affect. This test also tries to discover the correlation among these behavioral factors and investment overall performance. Among the behavioral factors referred to above, best 3 elements are located to influence the Investment Performance Herding inclusive of shopping for and promoting choice of trading shares extent of buying and selling stocks velocity of herding , Prospect such as loss aversion, remorse aversion, and mental accounting , and Heuristic inclusive of overconfidence and gamble's fallacy . The heuristic behaviors are determined to have the highest advantageous impact at the investment overall performance while the herding behaviors are stated to persuade undoubtedly the investment overall performance on the lower degree. In assessment, the possibility behaviors provide the negative impact on the funding overall performance. Pawankumar S Hallale | Manjiri Gadekar "A Study of Behavioural Factors Affecting Individual Investment Decisions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/28100/a-study-of-behavioural-factors-affecting-individual-investment-decisions/pawankumar-s-hallale
1) The document discusses the impact of marketing financial instruments like mutual funds on younger generations. It provides an introduction to investments and financial instruments.
2) It then evaluates several mutual funds based on factors like performance history, risk, fees, size, experience, and portfolio. Younger investors are encouraged to start early, diversify, and understand their risk tolerance.
3) The conclusion is that mutual funds can help younger investors achieve long-term growth and goals if they start investing early, diversify their portfolios, and make informed decisions based on their risk tolerance. However, marketing should educate without creating unrealistic expectations.
Investment behavior of individual investoramicable
This document discusses understanding the investment behavior of individual investors. It begins by introducing behavioral finance as a new paradigm that examines how human psychology and irrational behavior can influence financial markets, as traditional theories assume rational behavior. The document then discusses the research objectives of identifying determinants of individual investor behavior and their impact on decision making. Several theories are discussed, including the efficient market hypothesis and emergence of behavioral finance as a new paradigm. The remainder of the document outlines the theoretical framework and introduces concepts from behavioral finance like overconfidence, optimism and risk attitude that will be examined to understand their influence on individual investor decision making.
A Study On Determinants Of Private Investment Activity A Case Study Of Debre...Joaquin Hamad
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of private investment activity in Debre Tabor Town, Ethiopia. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods to identify factors that influence investment from the perspective of 103 private investors. These factors included expected returns, business confidence, interest rates, corruption, savings levels, infrastructure development, and political stability. The study found that these determinants significantly impacted private investment activity in the town. Recommendations were made to policymakers on how to address challenges and promote greater private investment.
Impact of Financial Knowledge of Investors Investment Making Decisionsijtsrd
The objective of the study is to find the impact of financial knowledge of investors on their investment making decisions. Investors are said to rational but due to the human nature, biasness comes into picture while making investment decisions. Financial literacy and financial knowledge are taken as an imperative terms for regulating human nature of investors while making essential investment decisions The study was conducted on 150 investors in the city of PUNE. The data was collected through structured questionnaire and data so obtained was analyzed with the help of SPSS software. Sunil Deshpande | Dr. Sanjay Patankar "Impact of Financial Knowledge of Investors Investment Making Decisions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42536.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/42536/impact-of-financial-knowledge-of-investors-investment-making-decisions/sunil-deshpande
A Study of Determinants Influencing Financial Literacy of Individual Investor...RSIS International
Investment scenario is changing very fast and financial
literacy impacts financial decisions of individual investors. The
present study is exploratory in nature and determines the factor
that affects financial literacy and how they affect decision
making. The sample consist of 649 individual investors to obtain
information through structured questionnaire from various
parts of India The result indicated that there are seven most
influencing factors of financial literacy that affects investor
decision making are: Attitude, Knowledge, Budgeting Habits,
liquidity, self analytical skills, Emotional Inclination and Goal
Planning. This study will help to determine strategies which will
help to improve financial literacy of an individual investors.
An Empirical Study On The Determinants Of An Investor S Decision In Unit Trus...Sara Alvarez
This document summarizes a research study on the factors that influence an investor's decision to invest in unit trusts in Malaysia. The study hypothesized that financial status, risk tolerance, expected investment returns, and access to investment information would significantly impact investment decisions. A survey of 202 investors found that financial status, risk tolerance, and sources of information did significantly influence investment behavior, but expected returns did not have a clear relationship. The findings help financial institutions understand investor preferences to better target customers and promote unit trust investments.
A Study on Investors Perception towards Mutual Fund Investments (With Special...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This examination on Investors acknowledgment
towards and late improvement and headway of Mutual Fund
premiums in Alwar city goes under the board an area of
organization publicizing. In the wide thought of organization
publicizing it exclusively centers around the exhibiting of cash
related organization specifically basic resources. Well ordered
Indian budgetary market is getting the chance to be engaged
and the supply of various fiscal instruments ought to be in
parity to the premium perspectives of the monetary
authorities. The prime drive of any hypothesis is to get most
extraordinary returned with a base danger and normal
resources allow to the budgetary masters. The examination
gives an information into the sorts of risks which exist in a
mutual save plan. The data was assembled from shared save
budgetary authorities similarly as non basic store examiners of
this industry. The investigation bases on the association
between theory decision and factors like liquidity, cash related
care, and demography. It was found commonly safe resources
and liquidity of store plot are having influence on the
budgetary authority's acumen for placing assets into the
mutual save. With the more broad thought of the distinctive
components of organization publicizing, thing care, mark
tendencies, and money related authority's satisfaction are the
specific regions of the examination. The other displaying limits
like thing progression publicize division, channels of
exhibiting, thing life cycle, scale headway procedures and their
impact of Marketing are completely disposed of from the audit
of this examination. So likewise the availability of substitute
aftereffect of normal hold units and their impact on this
organization thing it also rejected in the examination. In
reality, even in the normal store monetary authorities lead also
the researcher concentrate only the urban theorists and their
anxiety for this examination work. The rustic speculator's
perspectives are totally barred from the investigation.
Ähnlich wie EXTERNAL BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS IMPACT ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS IN MUTUAL FUNDS -A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADA REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH STATE (20)
USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT OF INDIAN ECO...indexPub
Purpose: Foreign direct investment (FDI) altogether influences the beneficiary country's financial development, making it more stable, high-quality, and healthy, according to this empirical study based on the present stage of economic development. Thus, every country encountering financial globalization is attempting to lay out a serious business climate to increment worldwide speculation. Design/Methodology/Approach: the main objective of this study is based on Institutional quality or Evidence and I selected 5 factors Institutional Metrics like Voice and Accountability, Civil liberties, Women in parliament, Corruption perceptions, Political rights from DPIIT website (Secondary Data) for the period 2018-2023. Static analysis methods such as the Unit Root Test, the ARDL Approach, and SEM are being used. Originality/Value: The experts in this study used OLS (Least Squares) regression: Foreign direct investment (FDI) streams were the focal point of the exploration. The impact of institutional qualities on unfamiliar direct speculation streams has been explored utilizing the customary least square methodology. Findings: Institutional metrics of government efficacy and corruption have shown a shortrun link with foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, according to the research, which used the ARDL model to find that these indicators had positive coefficient values. As far as institutional markers like law and order, administrative quality, and voice and responsibility, the review found that political stability had a long-term association with foreign direct investment flows (7.4578 > 4.16), placing it above the upper peasant table.
SUSTAINABLE INVESTING UNVEILED: THE ROLE OF BOND RATINGS IN GUIDING GREEN BON...indexPub
The increasing urgency to address climate change has propelled sustainable investing into the spotlight, with green bonds emerging as a pivotal instrument for mobilizing the capital required for environmental projects. This study delves into the critical role that bond ratings play in guiding investments in green bonds, shedding light on how these ratings influence investor confidence and the allocation of funds towards sustainable initiatives. By employing a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of green bond performance with qualitative interviews from industry experts, this research offers a comprehensive overview of the interplay between bond ratings and green bond investments. The findings suggest that higher bond ratings, often indicative of lower risk and better sustainability credentials, significantly impact the attractiveness of green bonds to investors. Additionally, the study examines the evolution of rating criteria to encompass environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors, highlighting the shift towards more holistic assessments of investment risk and potential. This research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable finance by providing insights into the mechanisms through which bond ratings can facilitate more informed and impactful green bond investments.
AN EXPLONATORY ANALYSIS OF HR ANALYTICS MODEL OVER BIG DATA PROCESS IMPACT ON...indexPub
By generating pertinent indicators, Human Resource Analytics (HRA) can provide HR personnel with a broader perspective on their contribution to the organization's financial objectives. There is a scarcity of research, however, regarding the impact of HRA on business outcomes, specifically in the context of organisations based in India and Vietnam. Within this particular framework, the current study investigates the impact of HRA big data capabilities on business outcomes. The study also investigates the discrepancy between the actual and perceived levels of big data expertise possessed by human resources analysts in Indian and Vietnamese organisations. The current study constructs a conceptual framework in order to examine the hypotheses formulated for assessing the interconnections between the variables being investigated. Utilising the Capability, Motivation, and Opportunity (CMO) framework, it accomplishes this. The data were collected using a quantitative approach, which entailed integrating the various components of HRA expertise and assessing their influence on business outcomes through the utilisation of big data. A systematic questionnaire was developed and distributed to 230 human resources professionals employed by various organisations located in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and Hyderabad, India. In addition to HR administrators, users of HRAs comprised the participants. A variety of statistical methods were applied to the data to assess the disparity between HRA's anticipated and realised big data capabilities, as well as the impact of HRA on business outcomes. It appears, based on the data that offering incentives and opportunities to employees with HR analytical skills could result in enhanced performance for the organisation. Research has demonstrated that providing opportunities and incentives to skilled employees is crucial for encouraging the development of their analytical abilities. Possessing these types of analytical abilities significantly influences the outcomes of an organisation.
EVOLUTION OF EXPECTATION VIOLATIONS THEORY (EVT) FROM FACE-TO FACE COMMUNICAT...indexPub
The promotion carried out by Holywings in the religious community is a promotional strategy that carries a big risk considering that the majority of Indonesian people are Muslims where liquor is an unlawful item. This was considered a violation and sparked various reactions in society. In the digital era, data sourced from social media is important data to understand the response of the Indonesian people to the violation of the Holywings issue. The research method used is explorative because marketing communication research based on social media data is still new. The research method is descriptive and quantitative by describing variables such as user volume, reach, conversation trends, top tweets, sentiments, influencers, and communication networks between social media users. The research sample uses the period from 23 June 2022 to 30 June 2022. The results of this research indicate that the issue of the Holywings violation is viral compared to other issues. The scope of the issue of violations at Café Holywings spreads throughout Indonesia and is dominant in DKI Jakarta Province. Even though Bali is the biggest branch of Café Holywings, there was very little reaction to the violation of Café Holywings. This is following the theory of expectation violations that the size of the violation reaction on social media is highly dependent on individual characteristics, context, and reaction.
ANTECEDENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN PT “XXX” PHARMA, TBKindexPub
The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of information technology capability on knowledge management capability, the influence of information technology capability on organisational performance, the influence of knowledge management capability on organisational performance, and the indirect impact of information technology capability on organisational performance through knowledge management capability in PT. "XXX" Pharma, Tbk. The research is based on the understanding of the interconnectedness between information technology cap. The present study utilised a quantitative approach, employing both explanatory and survey methodologies. The process of data collection involved the distribution of a questionnaire to a sample of 44 respondents, which was selected using the purposive random sampling technique. The data processing was performed using route analysis, utilising the IBM Predictive Analytic Software (PASW) version 24. The empirical evidence suggests a statistically significant and positive correlation between the capability of information technology and the capability of knowledge management. Additionally, there is a positive and significant impact of information technology capability on organisational performance. Furthermore, knowledge management capability is found to have a positive and significant effect on organisational performance. Lastly, it is observed that information technology capability positively and significantly influences organisational performance through its impact on knowledge management capability.
UNRAVELLING THE MENTAL HEALTH LANDSCAPE: EXPLORING DEPRESSION AND ASSOCIATED ...indexPub
Introduction: The prevalence of depression and its correlates in Bangladeshi rural university students have been rarely investigated. We draw a literature review, a cross-sectional study and analysis of the rural students’ depression natures and mechanisms that influence their academic performance and health and well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional research was conducted during the period august 2019 to January 2020 in a university. We employed Beck Depression Inventory scale to collect data from 200 undergraduate and graduate students. Data were analysed using chi-square association test and ordinal logistic regression. Results: We discovered that mild to severe depression affected 60% of rural students [mild (16%), borderline (10%), moderate (12%), severe (11.5%), and extreme (10.5%)]. Family expectations, smoking, bad academic achievement, inability to enroll in a particular program, and inadequate household finances were significant risk factors for depression. When it comes to depression, male students scored noticeably higher than female pupils. The decreased depression was linked to both strong household economics and intellectual achievement. Conclusions: The intricate interactions among the risk factors influence the character and processes of depression in rural students.
IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ON SUCCESSION PLANNINGindexPub
Motivation: HR in an organization faces various challenges in business environment, such as Building Capabilities, Improving Productivity, Building Performance Culture, Talent Management, Succession Planning for Key Leadership and Critical Roles, Developing Accountability and Ownership, Human Capital Management and transforming HR function into developmental Role from the legacy driven HR, etc. Succession Planning is the process of identifying and developing individuals, who have potential to hold the key leadership position in an Organization, whereas Performance Management includes assessing and improving upon the performance of an employee to meet the organizational goals. There are several Management Practices, which are adopted widely in Industry to make a successful Succession Planning. Workforce and Talent Management is one of them. The health of an organization majorly depends on the proper placement of people, which is a combined outcome of Talent Identification, Talent Development and Talent Retention. Performance Management plays a vital role in Talent Identification. It also has an impact on Talent Development and Talent Retention. The key idea of succession planning suggests that the right person to be placed at the right position at the right time. Succession planning is becoming a challenge these days in the corporate world. Organizations are often not found prepared with their successors to occupy the key positions as and when required. The positions are either kept vacant for a substantial period or more than one role is assigned to a single person. Identifying the right talent for the key positions from outside the organization and recruiting them is a much more difficult task at the eleventh hour. This has a significant impact on organizational health and in turn to organizational sustainability. Organizations must last longer than people. Role of organization continues even when the people move out. Employees must superannuate after attaining a certain age. Also, organizations must have a contingency plan for sudden vacancy arises out of attrition, health hazards and death of employee. Succession planning is the strategy to ensure that a suitable person is made available during exigencies. Employees are developed for taking on higher responsibilities and for the new roles that may emerge in future. The placement of Key Leadership positions can be executed either by inviting the talent from outside or developing the talent in-house. The latter is always in demand keeping in view the core values of the organization and the impact on loyalty and organizational culture in a long run. It is preferable to develop the in-house talent pool to reduce dependency on recruitment of experienced people from outside for the critical roles. It brings the talent acquisition cost low and contributes as a motivating factor for the team as well. The acceptability of a person placed at Top / Key Leadership Positions is high when these are occupied
GLOBAL RESEARCH TREND AND FUTURISTIC RESEARCH DIRECTION VISUALIZATION OF WORK...indexPub
Purpose – The purpose of this research is to undertake a bibliometric analysis of working capital management. The study examines papers from time period 1974-2023and performed performance analysis, co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling and scientific mapping. Design/methodology/approach – The study examines 174 articles retrieved from the Scopus database using bibliometric analysis, performance analysis and thematic clustering. The study looked at the scientific productivity of papers, prolific authors, most influencing papers, institutions and nations, keyword co-occurrence, thematic mapping, co-citations and authorship and country collaborations. VOSviewer was as a tool in the research to conduct the performance analysis and thematic clustering.The watchword "Working Capital Management" was used to include only English-language articles. Findings – The most productive year was 2022 with 26 publications. Martínez and García- are the most protuberant authors with 708 citations. The findings of the study shows that the most influential institutions are ‘The Department of Management and Finance, Faculty of Economy andBusiness and Department of Management and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, The University of Murcia, Spain with 381 & 297 citations. Among,thecountry analysis,Spain with 744 citations stands first of all other nations for publication on Working Capital Management. Kärri is the most productive author with 7 documents. Country-wise analysis reveals that the United States is the most productive country for Working Capital Management research with 40 documents.The authors also identified seven thematic clusters of Working Capital Management. Research limitations/implications – It informs and directs researchers on the current state of study in the field of Working Capital Management.The present study has quite a few implications forSmall & Medium enterprise managers, entrepreneurs, financial managers, academicians and scholars. It also outlines future research directions in this field.Present study provides an inclusive acquaintance about the working capital management till date. Originality/value – This is the first study which provides the performance analysis and scientific mapping of the all published documents on working capital management between the time periods 1974-2023
A SOCIAL CAPITAL APPROACH TO ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM AND INNOVATION: CASE S...indexPub
Despite being recognised as drivers of innovative development, Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) frequently confront resource limitations. Therefore, enhancing the ecosystem is contingent on the entrepreneurs’ social capital, which is crucial for the success of MSMEs. This study applies the social capital approach to analyse the entrepreneurial ecosystem enrichment and its impact on the innovation process of cosmetics MSMEs. The qualitative case study of six cosmetic manufacturing MSMEs explores that social capital is a multifaceted asset to MSMEs. Through an in-depth thematic analysis of three dimensions of social capital (structural, relational, and cognitive), this study states that the innovation process is supported by the synergistic transformation of one dimension of social capital into another. Entrepreneurs sharing the common norms, rules, and language enrich their cognitive as well as relational aspects of ecosystem. The study suggests that as network ties, trust, and norms collectively influence innovation in firms, hence, social capital needs to be studied with its contextualization in the ecosystem.
ASSESSING HRM EFFECTIVENESS AND PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT MEASURES IN THE BANKI...indexPub
This study employs an exploratory and quantitative research approach to systematically investigate the impact of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on Organizational Performance within the Indian Banking sector. The research approach combines exploratory research, aimed at gaining insights into HRM practices, with a quantitative approach using a purposive sampling technique. Data is collected through a questionnaire from employees in both public (SBI) and private banks (HDFC Bank) who work in HR departments or are involved in HR activities. The Likert scale is utilized in the questionnaire to measure participant perceptions of HRM practices. The study utilizes two statistical tools: Neural Network and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The findings of the study highlight the significance of promotion and transfer policies, considered paramount in influencing organizational performance in both public and private banks. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of training and development initiatives in enhancing employee skills and competencies. Clear and effective communication within HR policies is identified as pivotal in improving organizational performance. Lastly, aligning HRM practices with sector-specific goals is recognized as a significant contributor to improved employee satisfaction and overall performance in the banking sector. The findings offer guidance for HR practitioners and policymakers in optimizing HRM practices to achieve better organizational performance.
CORRELATION BETWEEN EMPATHY AND FRIENDSHIP QUALITY AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS...indexPub
In this research were used two questionnaires Empathy Formative questionnaire and Friendship Quality Scale. The aim of this study is to see the relationship between empathy and friendship quality among adolescent, to find out if there are gender differences in empathy and friendship quality, and to see if there are any differences between younger and older students on examined variables. This research was done with 65 high school students. Age of the students were 15 to 17 years old. Results show that there is a correlation between empathy and friendship quality. The results of t test show that there are not significant differences between females and males on variable empathy. Girls and boys have significant difference in friendship quality in Kosovo. There are no significant differences between older students and younger students in the level of empathy and also there are no significant differences between older students and younger students in the level of friendship quality.
LEVELS OF DEPRESSION AND SELF-ESTEEM IN STUDENTSindexPub
Introduction: among the most worrying problems in recent years are low self-esteem, family and friends problems, anxiety, stress, and depression, which are taking on alarming proportions in students and young people in general. Purpose: the study is a prediction, which focuses on analyzing and evaluating students' self-esteem and level of depression. Methodology: the population is 332 students (13-15 years old) in high schools in the Gjakova region. The study describes the analysis, classification, and evaluation of the collected data by doing the analysis and real examination of the findings. Results: in terms of gender there is no significant difference in self-esteem, while in depression there is a significant difference. The level of depression is higher in women (11.9) than in men (9.5). Economic status shows that students with employed fathers have lower depression (6.77) compared to those with unemployed fathers (10.80). Conclusions: The level of depression and self-esteem and parental reflection affect students. A link has been found between economic status and emotional problems and student behavior. To prevent it, the psychological service in schools should function, and together with families and the community should be as close as possible to the problems of students.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL FACTORS ON INDIVIDUALS DIAGNOSED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIAindexPub
The society with diverse structural and ideological influences, assumes its role in relation to behavior, attitude, belief and relations. The impact can be seen in every society globally, however the western nations have adjusted their social policies to suit these transformations, whereas nations in developing phase have failed to establish suitable systems. In Kosovo, the allocation of funds for mental health services remains insufficient, even though mental health disorders account for 12.3% of overall illnesses and 30.8% of work incapacities! The objective of this study is to examine the impact of society on the decline and recovery of individuals with schizophrenia. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a descriptive-analytical. A study was conducted in four municipalities of Kosovo, using individuals with schizophrenia from psychiatric institutions as subjects along with their caregivers/family members . The research found that social factors greatly contribute to the worsening of schizophrenia patients' condition. The presence of schizophrenia is evident through a higher likelihood of having a low level of education, high unemployment rates, and engaging in harmful behaviors like tobacco and alcohol use, as well as physical inactivity. Significant correlations have been observed in the subscales of positive and negative symptoms using the Self-Report PNS-Q questionnaires. It is crucial for individuals with schizophrenia to have a carefully designed strategy in place, developed in partnership with professionals from various relevant fields such as social protection, psychiatric medical services, education, and social integration plans.
RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) AS MEDIATION OF BANK'S CAPITAL ADEQUATION RATIO (CAR)indexPub
Banks need to maintain their performance and the level of Capital Adequasi Ratio (CAR). This study wants to see the variables that affect the Capital Adequasi Ratio (CAR) and see ROE as a variable that mediates the Capital Adequasi Ratio (CAR) at Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). The research method used multiple regression analysis, t-test, Anova test and Coefficient of Determination and the research period for 14 years from 2009 to 2022, by using SPSS Software version 26. The conclusion of the study, only the BOPO variable has a significant effect on the Capital Adequasi Ratio (CAR) and the ROE variable as a variable that can mediate the CAR variable at Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). Keywords: Capital Adequasi Ratio, Bank Financial Ratio.
INNOVATIVE DESIGN FOR KIDS MASTERY IMPROVEMENT OF LANGUAGE FEATURES IN A STORYindexPub
One of the hardest things for people learning English as a third language is still reading and writing. Because they are still not good enough at language features, they often make big mistakes and assumptions that aren't true. To make learning more fun and useful, visual symbols were made for seven different kinds of language traits. It looks at the Vipicoll form a lot. Visual Symbols media, Picture and picture, and the Collaborative approach are all creatively put together in Vipicoll. This research used Reeve's design method. Research develops Vipicoll learning model, employing interviews, literature reviews, and questionnaires for iterative improvement and validation. Researchers identify problems, create Vipicoll, iteratively refine through trials, forming an effective English Language Education model. Study assesses individual English thinking development, emphasizing interpretive framework, relation, function, and unique visual symbols. From this research, it was found that using Vipicoll really helps improve kids' mastery of language features, especially those in a story. This is proven by the fact that after implementation, kids' correct answers when asked directly by their teachers and their written test answers increased greatly even though many direct answers and test answers used to be wrong and they often didn't understand.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING AND RISK CLASSIFICATI...indexPub
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Student academic performance is the great value of institutes, universities and colleges. All colleges majorly focus on the career development of students. The academic performance of students plays a vital role in the establishment of a bright career. On the basis of better academic performance, the placement of the students will be better and the same will be reflected in the form of better admission and future. Machine learning can be deployed for the prediction of student performance. Various algorithms are playing an important role in the prediction of the accuracy of various machine learning models. These articles discuss various algorithms that can be helpful to deploy for predicting student academic performance. The article discusses various methods, predictive features and the accuracy of machine learning algorithms. The primary factors used for predicting students performance are academic institution, sessional marks, semester progress, family occupation, methods and algorithms. The accuracy level of various machine learning algorithms is discussed in this article.
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EXTERNAL BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS IMPACT ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS IN MUTUAL FUNDS -A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADA REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH STATE
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EXTERNAL BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS IMPACT ON INVESTMENT
DECISIONS OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS IN MUTUAL FUNDS -A
CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADA REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH
STATE
A KARUNA SINDHUJA1 and Dr. CH. HYMAVATHI2
1
Research scholar, Department of Management Studies, Vignan 's Foundation for Science Technology and
Research. (VFSTR). Email: sindhukaruna2737@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Vignan 's Foundation for Science Technology and
Research. (VFSTR). Email: hyma.chunduri@gmail.com
Abstract:
The study collects data from a sample of individual investors and analyses their responses to recent financial
events, changes in market trends, and economic forecasts. By examining factors such as demographic profiles,
financial literacy, risk tolerance, and market perceptions, the research aims to identify significant predictors of
investment decisions in this demographic. The findings suggest that investors are predominantly influenced by
financial news, peer influence, past investment performance, and the economic stability of the region. This study
contributes to the field by highlighting the localized factors impacting investment choices and providing insights
for financial advisors and investment firms to tailor their strategies according to investor needs and regional
specifics.
Keywords: Investment Decisions, Individual Investors, Economic Indicators, Market Perception, Risk Tolerance.
Purpose: To explore the myriad factors that influence the investment decisions of individual investors in the
Vijayawada region of Andhra Pradesh state. By examining the awareness and attitudes towards investment
practices, motives behind investment decisions, the impact of socio-demographic factors, and the prevailing
investment management practices, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics at
play among individual investors in this region.
Design/Methodology: The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with
qualitative interviews to gather data from a representative sample of individual investors in Vijayawada. An event
analysis framework was used to examine how investors react to specific economic and market events. The
quantitative data helped in identifying patterns and correlations, while qualitative data provided deeper insights
into the personal experiences and subjective perceptions of investors.
Findings: Indicates there is a significant variation in investment behavior based on levels of investor awareness
and attitudes toward investment. Economic motivations, such as the desire for financial security and income
generation, prominently influence investor behavior. Moreover, socio-demographic factors like age, education,
and income level play critical roles in shaping investment management practices. The study also discovered that
personal investment practices are heavily influenced by peer groups and familial advice, alongside professional
financial consultation.
Practical Implications: Studies are significant for financial advisors and investment firms targeting individual
investors in the Vijayawada region. Understanding the factors that influence investment decisions can help in
tailoring communication and advisory services to better meet the specific needs of different investor segments.
Financial education programs could be designed to enhance investor awareness and capability, ultimately leading
to more informed investment decisions.
Originality/Value: This study lies in its focused exploration of the investment behaviours of individual investors
in the Vijayawada region of Andhra Pradesh, an area underrepresented in existing financial research. By
employing an event analysis framework, the research uniquely elucidates how specific regional and demographic
factors influence investment decisions. This study not only adds to the academic literature by filling a geographical
gap but also offers actionable insights for local financial advisors and investment firms to enhance their services.
Moreover, it provides a foundation for policymakers to develop targeted financial education initiatives that cater
to the distinct needs of this investor population, fostering more resilient and informed financial behavior in the
region.
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Social Implications: Suggests that improving financial literacy and investment practices among individual
investors can lead to greater financial stability and economic empowerment. By addressing the socio-demographic
disparities in investment knowledge and opportunities, policymakers and financial educators can work towards
reducing financial inequality and promoting inclusive economic growth within the region.
INTRODUCTION
Investment decisions among individual investors are complex and influenced by a myriad array
of factors including personal demographics, socio-economic conditions, psychological traits,
and external economic events. The rapidly evolving financial landscape of Vijayawada, a key
region in Andhra Pradesh, India, presents a unique opportunity to study these influences in a
market characterized by its growing technological and entrepreneurial sectors. Recent studies
indicate that the local economic environment, along with personal financial literacy and
societal influences, significantly shapes investment behaviors (Mehta & Dhawan, 2021).
Understanding how these elements interplay can provide critical insights into the mechanics of
personal investment decisions in emerging markets.
The motivations driving individual investment choices are not only critical for theoretical
exploration but also have substantial implications for financial advisory practices. As
Vijayawada continues to experience significant demographic shifts and economic growth,
examining the motives and behaviours of its investors becomes increasingly pertinent.
Investors in this region show diverse preferences and risk appetites, which are often influenced
by cultural factors and economic events unique to the area (Chowdhury & Chowdhury, 2022).
This diversity requires a nuanced approach to analysing investment trends, one that considers
the localized economic dynamics and the personal backgrounds of investors.
To address this gap, this study utilizes an event analysis approach, focusing specifically on the
Vijayawada region to explore how recent economic developments and demographic trends
influence individual investment decisions. This approach allows for a detailed examination of
the responses of investors to market stimuli, providing a clearer picture of the underlying
factors that govern investment practices in this dynamic economic landscape. The insights
garnered from this research aim to contribute valuable knowledge to the fields of behavioral
finance and economic development, offering guidance for investors and policymakers alike in
crafting strategies that are informed by actual investor behavior and regional economic trends
(Khan & Jindal, 2024).
OBJECTIVES
1. To examine the awareness level and to understand the attitude of investors towards
investment practices in Mutual Funds.
2. To study the influence of socio-demographic factors on investment management practices
of individual investors in Mutual Funds.
3. To ascertain the investment management practices of individual investors in Mutual Funds.
RESEARCH GAP
Despite extensive research on investment behavior, there remains a notable gap in
understanding how specific regional economic events influence individual investment
decisions, particularly in emerging markets like Vijayawada. Previous studies have
predominantly focused on broader economic factors and generic demographic influences
without delving into the localized impact of economic and social events within specific regions.
This research aims to fill this gap by focusing on the Vijayawada region of Andhra Pradesh,
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employing an event analysis approach to explore how unique regional events shape investment
decisions. This area of study is underexplored, especially in the context of the fast-growing,
technology-driven markets of Vijayawada, where economic dynamics can vary significantly
even within the same geographical borders. The outcomes of this research could provide
localized insights that are crucial for investors, financial advisors, and policymakers to
understand and predict investor behavior more accurately in the face of regional economic
changes.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Investment Decisions
This theory-practice study examines investing decisions. It uses the Efficient Market
Hypothesis, Prospect Theory, and behavioural finance models to understand how individuals
and institutions invest. It also reviews investing decision-making characteristics like risk
aversion, time horizon, information asymmetry, and behavioural biases. Investment decisions
involve many rational and illogical considerations, including psychological biases. Human
behaviour often deviates from classical financial theory's logic and efficiency. Recognising
psychological biases and market inefficiencies can improve investment decisions and portfolio
performance.
This review shows how investors' minds affect their decisions using behavioural finance
literature. We examine how cognitive biases, including overconfidence, loss aversion, and
anchoring, affect investors' behaviour. We also discuss investment strategies, asset prices, and
market efficiency in relation to these biases. Behavioural finance emphasises understanding
investor psychology to assess investment decisions. Psychological biases can cause mispricing
of assets and market inefficiencies. Recognising and reducing these biases can improve
investor decision-making and portfolio performance.
This study investigates financial investment risk mitigation strategies. We examine hedge,
diversification, and risk assessment models. It also examines how regulatory constraints,
investment horizons, and risk tolerance affect risk management. Successful investing decisions
require risk management. Investors should diversify their investments, hedge, and use risk
assessment tools to avoid losses. To achieve long-term financial goals, one must align risk
management tactics with personal risk preferences and investment goals.
EXTERNAL FACTORS
Market Conditions
This examination covers market conditions and issues that affect financial markets. We
examine GDP growth, inflation, and interest rates, along with market-specific aspects such as
supply and demand, investor mood, and regulation. It also addresses how market conditions
affect investment, risk, and portfolio allocation techniques. Market conditions determine
investment opportunities, risk, and market performance. Investors can capitalise on trends,
manage risks, and traverse volatile markets by regularly monitoring and assessing market
circumstances.
This behavioural finance review examines how psychological biases and irrational conduct
affect market dynamics and investor decision-making. It analyses herding behaviour,
overreaction and underreaction to new information, and how sentiment and mood affect market
sentiment. It analyses how behavioural biases affect asset pricing, market efficiency, and
investment strategies. Behavioural finance illuminates market drivers and investor behaviour.
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Understanding behavioural biases and how they affect market dynamics helps investors
negotiate market swings and exploit mispricing’s, improving investing performance.
This review examines the relationship between market conditions and investment strategy
using asset pricing models, empirical studies, and quantitative analysis. It analyses how bull
and bear markets affect asset returns, volatility, and correlations. It also examines market
effects on portfolio diversification, risk management, and strategic asset allocation. Market
dynamics affect investment strategy and portfolio performance, emphasising the need for
flexible solutions. Empirical research and market analysis can help investors predict market
moves, optimise portfolio structure, and meet investment goals.
Financial Intermediators
This review examines financial intermediaries and their economic roles. Financial
intermediaries control risks, enable cash flows between savers and borrowers, and offer
liquidity in financial markets. Financial intermediaries help allocate capital, boost economic
growth, and ensure financial stability.
Financial intermediaries convert savings into productive investments and provide essential
financial services, helping the economy run smoothly. Financial markets are healthier when
they reduce information asymmetry, control risk, and increase market liquidity. Thus,
governments should encourage a strong regulatory framework that fosters financial
intermediary transparency, accountability, and risk management.
This overview traces the evolution of financial intermediaries from ordinary banks to
investment banks, insurance businesses, and asset management corporations. It describes how
technological advances, regulatory reforms, and globalisation have changed financial
intermediation, creating new business models, products, and market dynamics. It also examines
financial intermediaries' problems and opportunities in a complex and linked financial system.
Financial intermediaries have evolved along with the financial services industry due to
technological innovation, regulatory reform, and consumer preferences. These innovations
have improved financial services efficiency and access, but they have also increased
cybersecurity dangers and regulatory compliance requirements. To stay competitive and
resilient, financial intermediaries must embrace innovation, improve risk management, and
prioritise customers.
This review examines financial intermediaries' transmission of systemic risk and its effects on
financial stability. It explores how financial system interconnection, leverage, and complexity
exacerbate shock and contagion effects through financial intermediaries. It also examines
regulatory and macroprudential initiatives to reduce systemic risk and strengthen financial
intermediaries. The 2008 global financial crisis showed that financial intermediaries transmit
and amplify systemic risk. For financial stability, governments and regulators must prioritise
risk management standards, capital requirements, and stress testing procedures. We must
monitor and mitigate the systemic risks of financial intermediaries by increasing transparency,
market discipline, and regulatory cooperation.
Country Tax Policy
This review uses empirical and theoretical studies to examine country tax policy and economic
growth. It examines how tax rates, structures, and incentives affect investment, innovation,
entrepreneurship, and economic activity. It also examines how tax policies promote long-term
economic growth and development. Economic outcomes depend on country tax policies, which
affect saving, investment, and productivity. Capital accumulation and innovation can boost
economic growth, but poorly constructed tax regimes can skew incentives and reduce
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efficiency. Thus, policymakers should consider their country's circumstances and goals when
designing tax policies that balance revenue generation and economic dynamism.
Behavioural economics research informs this review of country tax policies. It explores how
psychological biases, cognitive limits, and social influences affect taxpayer compliance, tax
evasion, and tax policy responses. It also addresses how behavioural insights might improve
tax policy design and equity. Behavioural economics illuminates taxpayer behaviour and
decision-making, which helps create and implement country tax policy. Policymakers can
improve tax compliance, reduce tax evasion, and boost tax policy effectiveness by studying
taxpayer compliance and tax incentive reactions.
Tax rates, structures, incentives, and administration practices vary between nations, as this
review shows. It examines how tax policies affect output, fiscal sustainability, income
distribution, and competitiveness. We also cover international policy lessons and best practices.
Comparative analysis of country tax regimes helps policymakers improve tax systems.
Countries can identify tax reform opportunities, streamline tax administration, and boost
economic competitiveness and resilience by benchmarking against international best practices
and learning from successful policy experiences.
Financial Assets
This review discusses financial assets and portfolio diversification. It analyses stocks, bonds,
commodities, real estate, and alternative investments. To minimise risk and improve risk-
adjusted returns in investment portfolios, it covers asset class diversification. Financial assets
are essential to investment portfolios, helping investors accomplish their goals while
controlling risk. Diversifying financial assets enables investors to spread risk and gain returns
from a variety of market sectors and economic conditions. Thus, optimising risk-return trade-
offs and achieving long-term investment goals requires a well-diversified financial portfolio.
This behavioural finance review analyses how psychological biases and cognitive limitations
affect investor behaviour and asset values. It examines financial market herding, overreaction,
and underreaction to new information. It also examines behavioural biases, asset pricing,
market efficiency, and investment decisions. Mental biases affect asset pricing and market
outcomes, and behavioural finance illuminates financial asset dynamics and investor
behaviour. Understanding market participant behaviour helps investors negotiate market
swings and exploit mispricing’s, improving investment outcomes.
This review covers financial asset risk management, including investment portfolio risk
identification, measurement, and mitigation. It discusses asset allocation, diversification,
hedging, and derivative instruments for risk management across financial assets. It also
addresses risk management concerns in dynamic and uncertain markets. Risk management is
required for both capital preservation and long-term financial market investing performance.
Investors can reduce downside risk and strengthen their portfolios against market downturns
by utilizing a mix of risk management methods and tools tailored to their investment goals and
risk tolerance. Risk management must be included in the investing process for responsible
financial decision-making.
Government Policy
This review uses theoretical frameworks and empirical data to explore how government policy
promotes economic development. It examines how fiscal, monetary, trade, and regulatory
policies affect economic growth, employment, income distribution, and poverty. It also
discusses policy efficacy and sustainable development. Government policy shapes the
economy and promotes inclusive and sustainable growth. Government policies that prioritise
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human capital, infrastructure, innovation, and institutional capacity building can foster private
sector development and entrepreneurship. So, policymakers should devise and implement
policies that address important development concerns and promote broad-based economic
growth.
This behavioural economics review examines how psychological biases and cognitive limits
affect government policymaking and results. Loss aversion, present bias, and social norms
influence individual and societal behaviour. It also addresses how behavioural insights might
improve government policy effectiveness and equity. Behavioural economics illuminates
decision-making and behaviour aspects to inform government policy creation and
implementation. Governments can create initiatives to encourage savings, healthier lives, and
regulatory compliance by understanding policymakers' and citizens' behavioural biases.
Integrating behavioural insights into policymaking can improve policy outcomes and
sustainability.
This review analyses government policies in different countries and areas, comparing
approaches, outcomes, and lessons learned. Different political systems, institutional
frameworks, cultural contexts, and development agendas influence government policy choices
and execution tactics. We also cover international policy lessons and best practices.
Comparative government policy analysis helps policymakers solve common issues and attain
shared goals. Governments can find policy breakthroughs, adapt successful methods to their
local circumstances, and avoid errors by benchmarking against international best practices and
learning from other nations' policy successes. Promoting international cooperation and
knowledge exchange improves government policy effectiveness and efficiency on a global
scale.
Conceptual Framework-2: External Factors
External Factors
H6: The impact of government policy, financial assets, country tax policy, financial
intermediators, and market conditions on investment decisions.
H7: How variations in government policy, financial assets, country tax policy, financial
intermediators, and market conditions influence investment decisions.
H8: Exploring the relationship between government policy, financial assets, country tax policy,
financial intermediators, market conditions, and investment decisions.
H9: Investigating the causal effects of government policy, financial assets, country tax policy,
financial intermediators, and market conditions on investment decisions.
H10: Assessing the significance of government policy, financial assets, country tax policy,
financial intermediators, and market conditions in predicting investment decisions.
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External Factors Reliability Analysis:
Variable Cronback Alpha
GP 0.938
FA 0.915
CTP 0.925
FI 0.926
MC 0.891
ID 0.856
Overall 0.945
This table showcases Cronbach's Alpha scores for a series of variables, providing insights into
the internal consistency and reliability of a measurement scale or test. The variables across the
board display high reliability scores, suggesting that the items within each variable are in good
agreement and collectively measure their respective constructs effectively. The overall score,
which aggregates the reliability across all variables, is notably high, underscoring the
measurement tool's excellent consistency and reliability as a whole. This indicates that the
instrument is well-designed, with items that are cohesively related and capable of reliably
capturing the constructs they are intended to measure, making it a robust tool for research or
assessment purposes where accurate and consistent measurement is critical.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA2)
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Fit Indices (FI3)
The table outlines a series of fit indices that assess the quality of a statistical model's
representation of observed data. These indices collectively suggest that the model exhibits a
good level of fit. The model's comparison to a baseline model shows it performs well,
indicating it is a reasonable representation of the data structure. However, there are indications
that while the model is generally effective, there are areas where improvements could enhance
its explanatory power and efficiency. The parsimony of the model, which measures how well
it balances simplicity with its ability to explain the data, is satisfactory, though it suggests that
the model could potentially be refined to achieve a better balance. The residual error index
points to a moderate discrepancy between observed and predicted values, hinting at specific
aspects of the data not fully captured by the model. Overall, these indices suggest the model is
a good fit for the data, but attention to certain areas could improve its accuracy and efficiency.
Structural Equation Modelling (SEM2)
Fit Indices Observed
CMIN3 1.989
CFI3 .938
TLI3 .920
PNFI3 .679
RMSEA3 .0915
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Fit Indices (FI4)
This table presents fit indices for a statistical model, indicating its performance in terms of
representing the data. The indices suggest a moderate to adequate fit, with some measures
pointing towards the model's limitations in fully capturing the data's complexity. The
comparative fit index suggests the model has a fair degree of accuracy in modeling the data,
albeit not to an optimal extent. The parsimony index, which evaluates the model's simplicity
against its explanatory power, shows a level of efficiency, though it implies that the model
might be over-simplified or not utilizing its parameters to their full potential. The relatively
lower value in one of the indices suggests significant room for improvement in how well the
model's assumptions match the actual data structure. Lastly, the residual error index indicates
a decent but improvable match between observed and predicted values, pointing towards
potential areas for refinement to enhance the model's accuracy and explanatory power. Overall,
these indices suggest the model is moderately fitting but would benefit from adjustments to
better capture the underlying data structure.
Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis No Framed Hypothesis P-Value Result
H6 Market Conditions->Investment Decisions 0.00 Significant
H7
Financial Intermediators->Investment
Decisions
0.00 Significant
H8 Country Tax Policy->Investment Decisions 0.00 Significant
H9 Financial Assets->Investment Decisions 0.00 Significant
H10 Government Policy->Investment Decisions 0.00 Significant
Validations:
The influence of economic and financial trends on strategic financial choices highlights the
dynamic nature of investment decision-making, which adapts in response to broader market
conditions. This finding aligns with the objective to ascertain individual investment
management practices, indicating that investors must consider external market factors in
their strategic planning.
The relationship between the role of financial intermediaries and strategic financial
decisions underscores the importance of these entities in facilitating investments. This ties
back to the objective of examining investment management practices, suggesting that the
trust and services provided by intermediaries are critical in influencing individual decisions
and confidence in the investment process.
The impact of national fiscal policies on strategic financial decisions emphasizes the broad
influence of government tax policies on individual investment behaviors. This supports the
objective to study the effect of external policy environments on investment management
practices, indicating that country-specific tax policies play a significant role in shaping
individual investment strategies.
The significance of asset selection in strategic financial decisions highlights the importance
of financial asset characteristics in investment management. This finding aligns with the
Fit Indices Observed
CMIN4 3.324
CFI4 .835
TLI4 .651
PNFI4 .612
RMSEA4 .082
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objective to ascertain individual investment practices, illustrating that the choice of financial
assets is a key factor in developing effective investment portfolios and strategies.
The strong relationship between regulatory environments and strategic financial decisions
underscores the influence of government policies on investment practices. This relates to
the broader objective of understanding how government actions impact individual
investment behaviours, suggesting that policy frameworks and regulatory measures are
pivotal in shaping the investment landscape for individual investors.
CONCLUSION
This research has comprehensively explored the myriad factors influencing individual
investment decisions, shedding light on the intricate dynamics between investors' objectives,
financial behaviours, risk preferences, expected returns, and the broader regulatory and
economic environment. Through rigorous analysis, it has been established that investment
decisions are significantly impacted by a blend of personal financial goals, risk tolerance,
market conditions, and fiscal policies. These findings underscore the complexity of investment
behavior, emphasizing the need for investors to navigate a multifaceted financial landscape.
The study not only contributes to our understanding of individual investment practices but also
highlights the crucial role of external factors such as market conditions, government policies,
and financial intermediaries in shaping investment strategies.
Scope for Future Research: While this study provides valuable insights into the factors
influencing investment decisions, it also opens several avenues for future research. Future
studies could delve deeper into the psychological and behavioural aspects of investment
decisions, exploring how cognitive biases and emotional factors interact with the rational
elements of financial decision-making. Additionally, comparative research across different
socio-economic and cultural contexts could provide a more nuanced understanding of how
diverse backgrounds influence investment behaviours. Investigating the impact of
technological advancements, such as fintech and digital currencies, on investment practices
offers another promising direction. Finally, longitudinal studies tracking changes in investment
behaviours over time, especially in response to global economic shifts and crises, would further
enrich our understanding of dynamic investment strategies in an ever-evolving financial
landscape.
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