connective tissue, introduction, properties, function, types, component, classification, dense, loose, supporting connective tissue, fluid connective tissue.

1. PREPARED BY DOLISHA WARBI

2. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
INTRODUCTION:
Connective tissue is a fundamental type of tissue found throughout the body, providing structural support,
connecting and binding various organs and tissues together.
Connective tissue is one of the four primary tissue types in the human body, alongside epithelial, muscle, and
nervous tissues.
Composed of cells dispersed within an extracellular matrix (ECM), connective tissue exhibits remarkable
versatility and adaptability, allowing it to adapt to different mechanical stresses and environmental conditions.

3. PROPERTIES:
• Constituent mainly extracellular.
• Physical properties are important.
• Collagen is present.
• Tissues and cells are not polarized.
• Cell are generally free of one another, and act independently.
• Provide pathway for blood vessel.

4. FUNCTION:
FUNCTION
PROTECT
TRANSPORT
BIND
SUPPORT
IMMUNITY

5. “FUNCTION”
• It binds various tissue together like skin with the muscles and muscles with bones
• It form inter cellular substance between cells of different types of tissue, so that help in friction less movement
of the body organ
• It forms sheaths around the body organs and make a kind of packaging tissue
• The areolar tissue protects the body against wound and infection
• The adipose tissue stores fats and isolated the body against heat loss
• The supportive tissue forms shape and the frame work of the body
• The haemopoietic tissue produce blood
• The lymphatic tissue helps in body immunity

6. TYPES:
Specialized connective tissues include adipose, cartilage, bone, blood, and lymphatic tissues.
ADIPOSE
TISSUE
CARTILAGE
BONE
BLOOD
LYMPHATIC
TISSUES

7. Lymphatic fluid involved:
(Never let monkey eat banana)
N-neutrophils
L-lymphocytes
M-monocytes
E-eosinophils
B-basophils
It made of ;
• Hard.
• Solid.
• Liquid.

8. COMPONENT:
1) Cell
2) Gels (ground substances)
3) Fibers
CELL GELS (GROUND
SUBSTANCES)
FIBERS
(BLAST)
ü Fibroblast.
ü Osteoblast.
ü Chondroblast.
ü Hemocytoblast.
(CYTES)
ü Adipocytes.
ü Osteocytes.
ü Chondrocytes.
ü Erythrocytes.
ü Leukocytes.
q Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS)
–hyaluronic acid, heparin
sulfate
q Proteoglycans.
q Glycoproteins.
- Protein sugar conjugate
§ Collagen – create rigidity
§ Elastic – stretch
§ Reticular – network within
connective tissue.

10. CLASSIFICATION:
DENSE:
a) Dense regular - A matrix containing densely packed, parallel-oriented collagen fibers that fill nearly all the
extracellular space.
b) Dense irregular - Widely spaced fibroblasts are the primary cell type found in dense irregular connective
tissue and they secrete proteins that assemble to form collagen fibers.
c) Elastic - Predominantly contains elastic fibers and is found in the lungs and walls of arteries. This tissue is
resilient and prevents the deformation of organs, even when stretched during physiological activities like
breathing or blood transport.
FLUID
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
SUPPORTING
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
LOOSE
DENSE

11. Dense regular Dense irregular Elastic
Reticular Adipose
Areolar

12. LOOSE:
a) Areolar - Loose connective tissue, also known as areolar tissue, is a cellular connective tissue with thin and relatively
sparse collagen fibers. They have a semi-fluid matrix with lesser proportions of fibers.
b) Reticular - Most predominant fibrous constituent, serves as the supporting structure of the bone marrow, liver and
lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils).
c) Adipose - Adipose tissue is a specialized connective tissue consisting of lipid-rich cells called adipocytes. As it
comprises about 20-25% of total body weight in healthy individuals.
SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
a) Bone - Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material.
The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of
collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue.
b) Cartilage – Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in multiple areas of the body, including joints, the ear and
nose, and intervertebral discs. Hyaline cartilage, the most abundant type of cartilage, plays a supportive role and
assists in movement
• Hyaline cartilage - Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in multiple areas of the body, including joints, the ear
and nose, and intervertebral discs. Hyaline cartilage, the most abundant type of cartilage, plays a supportive role and
assists in movement.
• Elastic cartilage - Recognized by its ability to snap back into an original form – or resting form – due to the addition
of elastin fibers to the extracellular matrix.
• Fibrocartilage - Provides structural support for the musculoskeletal system. Fibrocartilage is very strong. It is found
predominantly in the intervertebral disks of the spine and at the insertions of ligaments and tendons. Its main function
is to act as a cushion

13. .
Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

14. FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
Blood and lymph are the two types of connective tissue in this sub-category.
a) Blood - The blood has a fluid matrix (plasma) and specialized cells or formed elements of the blood: red blood
cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and cell fragments called platelets.
The primary function of blood is to deliver oxygen (O2) and nutrients to and remove wastes from body cells,
but that is only the beginning of the story.
The specific functions of blood also include defense, distribution of heat, and maintenance of homeostasis.
a) Lymph - Lymph is the fluid located in the lymphatic vessels and contain lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are the
primary cells of adaptive immune responses.
The two basic types of lymphocytes, B cells and T cells, are identical morphologically with a large central
nucleus surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm