Certainly! Let's cover a brief lesson on Anemia: **Title: Understanding Anemia: A Comprehensive Overview** **Introduction:** Anemia is a common medical condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a deficiency in the amount of hemoglobin. These vital components are responsible for carrying oxygen to tissues throughout the body. Let's delve into the key aspects of anemia. **I. Types of Anemia:** 1. **Iron-Deficiency Anemia:** - Most prevalent type, caused by insufficient iron in the body. - Common among women, especially during pregnancy. 2. **Vitamin Deficiency Anemias:** - Lack of essential vitamins like B12 or folic acid. - Affects the production of red blood cells. 3. **Hemolytic Anemias:** - Occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can replace them. - May be inherited or acquired. **II. Causes and Risk Factors:** - **Dietary Deficiencies:** - Inadequate intake of iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid. - **Chronic Diseases:** - Conditions like chronic kidney disease or inflammatory disorders can contribute. - **Genetic Factors:** - Some forms of anemia are hereditary. **III. Signs and Symptoms:** - **Fatigue and Weakness:**

1. Practice teaching
on
Anemia
Presented by:
AKSHAT CHAUDHARI
M. Sc Nursing 1st year

2. Anemia

3. Introduction
It is a major killer disease in India.
Statistics reveal that every second Indian
women is anemic. One in every five
menstrual deaths is directly due to anemia.
It affects both the adults and children of
both sexes, although pregnancy women and
adolescent girls are most susceptible and
most affected by the disease.

4. Definition
• It is a condition in which the hemoglobin
concentration is lower then the normal. As
a results, the amount of oxygen delivered
to body tissue is diminished.

5. men
13.5-16.5gm/100m
female
12-15gm/100ml
Normal value of Hb

8. Causes of anemia

9. Causes of Anemia
Increas
e
require
ments
Increas
e loss
Decrea
se
intake
Decrea
se
absorp
tion

11. Risk Factor for Anemia
Low
socio
econo
mic
status
Teenag
e
pregna
ncy
Menstr
ual
proble
m
Multip
arty

12. Classification of Anemia
1. On the basis of cause
• Bleeding (blood loss)
• Hypoproliferative anemia (inadequate
production of normal blood cells)
• Hemolytic (destruction of blood cells)

13. Classification of Anemia
2. On the basis of morphology
• Microcytic – If the cells are smaller than normal,
e.g. iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic
disease, thalassemia.
• Normocytic – if cells are in normal size, e.g.-
acute blood loss, anemia of chronic disease,
hemolytic anemia, Aplastic anemia.
• Macrocytic - if they are larger than normal,
e.g.-Megaloblastic anemia

14. Types of Anemia
1. Iron deficiency anemia – it is caused by a lack of
iron. It develop when body store of iron drops too
low to support normal RBCs production.
women are at risk, for menstrual blood flow and
growing fetus.
2. Anemia of chronic disease – it is a chronic disease
of inflammation, infection and malignancy cause this
type of anemia.
3. Thalassemia – it is a genetic disorder that is
characterized by abnormal formation of hemoglobin
it results in inadequate oxygen transport and
destruction of RBCs which leads to anemia.

15. Types of Anemia
4. Aplastic anemia – it is a rare disease in which
the bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cells
that are damaged leads to pancytopenia
(deficiency of all three cellular components of
the blood such as red cells, white cells, and
platelets).
5. Megaloblastic or folic acid deficiency anemia -
in this condition the bone marrow usually
produce large, abnormal and immature RBCs. It
results from inhibition of DNA synthesis during
RBCs production so it leads to continuing cell
growth without division.

16. Types of Anemia
6. Pernicious anemia - it occurs when the intestine
can’t properly absorb vitamin B12.
7. Sickle cell anemia – it is characterized by RBC
that assume the abnormal, rigid, sickle shape.
It results from the presence of mutated form
of a Hb.

17. Clinical manifestations
• Easy fatigue and loss of energy
• Hypotension, rapid heart rate when exercise
• Shortness of breath and headache in
exercise.
• Difficulty in concentration.
• Dizziness, insomnia, leg cramps
• Pale skin, changes in stool color.
• Spleenomegaly

18. Diagnostic evaluation of anemia
• History
• Physical examination
• Complete blood count
• Others –
 Stool Hb test

19. Diagnostic evaluation of anemia
 Iron,, Folate, Vitamin b12, bilirubin.
 Hb electrophoresis
 Reticulocyte count
 Bone marrow biopsy

20. Management Of anemia
1. Blood transfusion – specially RBCs transfusion.
2. Iron supplements – oral ferrous sulphate,
parenteral iron therapy.
3. Nutritional therapy and dietary consideration
– vitamin b12 rich diet, iron rich diet, and
folic acid rich diet to be provided to the
patient.
4. Spleenectomy – removal of spleen.
5. Bone marrow and stem cell transplantation –
to enhance the production of RBCs, WBC,
platelets.

21. Management Of anemia
6. Activity restriction – minimizes the
activity, curtailing the exercise ( running
on the grass rather then the concrete).
Running on the hard surface develop the
hemoglobinuria.

22. Complication of Anemia
• Hypoxia
• Severe fatigue
• Physical & mental growth retardation
• Neurologic damage
• Heart problem – irregular heart rate, heart
enlargement, heart failure
• Pregnancy complication – premature birth
• Death

23. Nursing
Management

24. Research related to Anemia
Sanjeev M Chaudhary conducted a cross sectional
study of anemia among adolescent Females in the
Urban Area of Nagpur. Sample consisted of 296
adolescent females (10–19 years old). Major finding of
the study reveals that the prevalence of anemia was
found to be 35.1%. This study concluded that a high
prevalence of anemia among adolescent females was
found, which was higher in the lower socio-economic
strata and among those whose parents were less
educated. Mean height and weight of subjects with
anemia was significantly less than subjects without
anemia.

25. Summary