This document provides an overview of HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) studies. It defines key terms like hazard, risk, and PHA. It explains that a HAZOP is a systematic technique used to identify potential problems in a process. It should be performed by a multidisciplinary team and involves analyzing deviations from the design intent using guidewords at nodes on piping and instrumentation diagrams. The team evaluates causes, consequences and recommends safeguards to address any issues identified.

1. HAZOP
FUNDAMENTALS
M PIA JUDITH
judithmanohar@ifluids.com
iFluids Training Academy

2. Content
1) CONCEPT OF HAZARD, RISK,PHA
2) What is HAZOP ?
3) When HAZOP is to be Performed?
4) HAZOP TEAM
5) PREREQUISITES
6) HAZOP WORKSHEET
7) HAZOP TERMINOLOGY
8) HAZOP APPROACH
9) TYPES OF SAFEGUARDS
10) RANKING ON HAZOP ACTION
11) ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

3. HAZARD,RISK ,PHA
• A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects
on something or someone.
• Risk is the likelihood that a person may be harmed or suffers adverse health
effects if exposed to a hazard.
• A process hazard analysis (PHA) is a set of organized and systematic
assessments of the potential hazards associated with an industrial process.
• Examples of PHA-What iF, Checklist, FMEA, ETA, FTA, HAZOP
LOPA

4. • A Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study is a structured and systematic
examination of a planned or existing process or operation in order to identify
and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment or
prevent efficient operation.
• A HAZOP is a qualitative technique carried out by a multi-disciplinary team
(HAZOP team) during a set of meetings.
• This is a generalized study technique, equally applicable to microchip
manufacture, pharmaceutical synthesis, effluent plant operation or any
process.
• Primary objective is to identify hazards, and to a lesser extent, to resolve
these hazards.
What Is HAZOP ?

5. HAZOP studies may be used more extensively, including:
• At the initial concept stage when design drawings are available.
• When the final piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID) are
available.
• During construction and installation to ensure that recommendations
are implemented
• During commissioning
• May also be conducted on an existing facility to identify hazards
associated with the modifications
When HAZOP is to be Performed?

6. • HAZOP CHAIRMAN/LEADER
• SCRIBE
• PLANT TEAM MEMBERS
The basic team from a process plant may be:
Project engineer
Commissioning manager
Process engineer
Instrument/electrical engineer
Safety engineer
Panel Operators
HAZOP TEAM

7. As a basis for the HAZOP study the following information should be
available:
• Process flow diagrams
• Piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs)
• Layout diagrams
• Material safety data sheets
• Provisional operating instructions
• Heat and material balances
• Equipment data sheets Start-up and emergency shut-down procedure
PREREQUISITIES

8. HAZOP WORKSHEET
Study title: Date : Page No
Drawing no.: Rev no.:
HAZOP team:
Node Description
Design intent: Parameter Details
No Deviation Cause Consequence Safeguards Recommendations

9. • Node is a specific location in the process in which the deviation of the
design intent is evaluated. Example : Separator, Pump , Compressor etc.
• Design Intent is the description of how the process is expected to behave
at the node.
• Deviation is the way in which process condition depart from design
intent.
• Parameter the relevant parameter for the condition of the process
• Guideword is the short-word to create the imagination of deviation of the
design /process intent.
• Cause- defines the reason why the deviation occur ?
• Consequence- defines the results of deviation.
• Safeguards- Facilitates To prevent Cause/To Mitigate Consequence
HAZOP TERMINOLOGIES

10. Examples of Parameters
Flow Composition pH
Pressure Addition Sequence
Temperature Separation Signal
Mixing Time Start/stop
Stirring Phase
Transfer Speed
Level Particle size
Viscosity Measure
Reaction Control

11. Examples of Guidewords
NONE
MORE OF
LESS OF
PART OF
AS WELL AS
REVERSE
OTHER THAN

12. HAZOP APPROACH

13. HAZOP APPROACH

14. The following are some of the safeguards
• Identify Deviation (Example : Detection , Alarm)
• Compensation of Deviation (Example : Overfilling Control
/Protection)
• Prevent the deviation from occurring (Example : Inert Blanket over
the hydrocarbon tank)
• Prevent further escalation of deviation (Example :ESD/Trip)
• Relieve the process from the hazardous deviation (Example : PSV)
TYPES OF SAFEGUARDS

15. RANKING ON HAZOP ACTIONS

16. RANKING ON HAZOP ACTIONS

17. RANKING ON HAZOP ACTIONS

18. RANKING ON HAZOP ACTIONS

19. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TIME CONSUMING
MULTIDISCIPLINARY COST
UTILIZES OPERATIONAL
EXPERIENCES
FOCUSING ON SOLUTION
COVERS OPERATION AS WELL AS
SAFETY ASPECTS
TEAM MEMBERS CAN DOMINATE
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
IDENTIFIED IS RECORDED
TEAM MEMBERS CAN DIVERT
THE SESSIONS

20. Q & A

21. THANK YOU

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