4. The Dutch East India CompanyThe Dutch East India Company
➢Established the foundation of their colonial empire in the East Indies
through the agency of their East India Company.
➢At first Dutch Indies and both protestant nations, cooperated in wrestling
control of the east Indies from Portuguese.
➢Increasing rivalry developed between the Dutch and the English.
➢Expulsion of the British from Amboyna in 1623 by the Dutch.
➢Thereafter, the British, abandoned the archipelago to their Dutch rivals.
➢Headquarters found in Batavi, near the western end of Java
.
5. The Dutch Commercial Activities
➢Primarily commercial in nature.
➢From 1602 to 1798, the Dutch East India Company had complete
control over colonial matters in the east Indies.
➢It entrusted the direct control over the people in the areas to economize
in the costof administration and to increase it's profits.
➢It controlled to local chieftains.
➢Company did not interfere the way of life.
➢The fluctuating amount of tribute demanded by the company at varios
times is added to the hardships of the natives.
➢Company would suddenly require an increase in the amount of tribute if
there was a greater demand than usual for these products in Europe.
6. The Dissolution of the Company
➢
In the 18th
century,the company had sunk hopelessly in debt as a result
of mismanagement and graft.
➢Officials of the company were more interested to build up their own
fortunes than to serve the interest of their government.
➢In 1798, the government took over the assets and liabilities of the
Dutch East India
.
➢Two years later it was formally dissolve, after almost centuries of
existence.
7. The East Indies Under Daendels and Raffles
➢Netherlands was occupied by the revolutionary forces of the French
Republic which had invaded the country three years before
➢Netherlands became vassal Kingdom of the French Empire and Louise
Bonaparte.
➢Brother of Napoleon was installed as King.
➢In 1807,he appointed Marshall Herman Willem DaendelsMarshall Herman Willem Daendels as governor-
general of the dutch possessions in the East Indies.
➢Daendels was a Dutch revolutionary hero who had serve d under
Napoleon.
➢He proved to capable administrator, for as soon as arrived in Java.
➢1808, he instituted reforms intended to improved the administration of
government the material welfare of the natives.
9. ➢He dismissed corruptofficials and reduced the powers of the native
rulers.
➢He built highways and promoted widespread cultivation of coffee.
➢1811,the British, who were at war with Napoleon, seized the Dutch
East Indies.
➢During the period of British rule , the administrator of the East Indies
was placed in the hands of Sir Thomas StamfordRaffles.Sir Thomas StamfordRaffles.
➢
RafflesRaffles was one of the most enlightened colonial administrator to see
service in the Far East .
➢Attempt to introduce sweeping reform in the East Indies.
➢Among his radical innovationhs were the abolition of the feudal system
of administrations in local affairs, the established the freedom of trade
and the reorganization of the administrative machinery.
11. ➢Unfortunately the restoration of of the East Indies to the Dutch
following the close of Napoleonic Wars put an end to most of the
reforms instituted by Sir Raffles.
12. ➢Provided that a village set aside a fifth of it's cultivable land for the production of
export crops.
➢Crops were to be delivered to the government in lieu of tax.
➢Land rent land rent was to continue at the same time as a complimentary part of
the system and as a measure of the amount to be produced by each village.
➢If a village through, the growing of export crops on a fifth of its land, returned an
amount in excess of the land rent and would bereimbursed to the extent of the
excess; on the otherhand, if a village produced less than the assed amount of land
rent , it would have to make up the difference.
The Cultivation SystemThe Cultivation System
14. Cultivation SystemCultivation System
➢1830
➢Introduced by Johannes van den Bosch
➢Required that villagers to set aside one-fifth of their land to grow export
crops (e.g., coffee, sugar)
➢66 days of labour were required to the landless.
➢Transportations was difficult and time-consuming.
➢In case of crop failure,the people were left responsible for the loss
17. The Cultivation SystemThe Cultivation System
➢Evils of the cultivation systems eventually
came to the attention of the people of
Holland.
➢
Edward DeckerEdward Decker , exposing the inequities of
the culture system roused up public indignition
in Holland.
➢An Agrarian Law was passed in 1870
gradually abolishing sytem.
19. ➢The impact of t6he cultivation system on the standard of living of
indigenous Javanese has in recent years been disputed .
➢R.E Elson . Among others , has argued that the cultivation system
directly contributed to t5he impoverishment of Javanese peasants,but
indirectly improved their standard of living.
➢
20th
century in the Dutch East Indies witnessed rapid increased in
population as well as a marked developmment in the material prosperity
of the region.
➢The government became a prrotector of the natives from exploitation
rather bthan a participant in business as was the case in the cculture
system.
➢Under Dutch leadership, the Natural Resources of the islands were
utilized to advantage and the import and export trade grow to large
dimension.
