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Data Communications - Data Link Control Protocols Key Points
Flow Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Model of Frame Transmission (mengelirukan)
Stop and Wait Flow Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fragmentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bit length of link B=R x d/V B =  length of the link in bits , this is the number of bits present  on the link at an instance in time when a stream of bits fully occupies the link R = data rate of the link, in bps d = length, or distance of the link in meter V = velocity of propagation, in m/s Propagation delay a = B/L L =  number of bits in the frame (length of the frame in bits)
Stop and Wait Link Utilization length of link > length of frame (1 frame/time =Inefficient) length of link < length of frame
Example
Sliding Windows Flow Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sliding Window Diagram- Sender Assume using 2 3 = 8,no. = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,0… Each time  a frame  is sent   window  shrink  (# of frames may be transmitted) Each time  ACK  is received   window  grows  (to end side (total of 7 frames)) acknowledged Sent but not yet acknowledged
Sliding Window Diagram-receiver ACK must includes F0 (RR 0) “ Receiver has received all frames up to F7  and is ready to receive F0.” Each time  a frame  is received    window  shrink  (# of frames available) Each time  ACK  is sent     window  grows  (to end side (total of 7 frames)) *RR = Ready Receive
Example Sliding Window A may transmits 7 frames, beginning with F0 A transmits F0,F1,F2 (no ACK)   A shrunk its window to 4 frames, maintains copy of  F0,F1,F2   A may transmits 4 frames, beginning with F3 B transmits RR 3 frames (received frames up to F2, ready to receive 7 more frames starts from F3) B grows back to 7 frames, starts from F3 A discards copy of  F0,F1,F2 A transmits F3,F4,F5,F6 B returns  RR 4 (ACK F3, allows A  transmits from F4 – F2) By the time RR 4 reaches A, A already transmitted F4,F5,F6,So A can only transmits 4 frames starts from F7. B may receives 7 frames, beginning with F0 B shrunk its window to 4 frames (available frames)
Sliding Window Enhancements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Error Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
(a) Stop and Wait ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stop and  Wait - Diagram # of frame :  Labeled alternately 0 and 1 ACK0 :  Receiver received frame 1, Ready to receive frame 0. ACK1 :   Receiver received frame 0, Ready to receive frame 1.
Stop and Wait - Pros and Cons ,[object Object],[object Object]
(b) Go Back N (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Go Back N - Damaged Frame ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Go Back N - Lost Frame (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Go Back N - Lost Frame (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Go Back N –Damaged Acknowledgement (RR @ RNR@ REJ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Go Back N - Damaged Rejection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Go Back N -  Diagram RR 2: REJ 4: RR(P bit=1)
(c) Selective Reject ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Selective Reject - Diagram
High Level Data Link Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HDLC Basic Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HDLC Link Configurations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HDLC Transfer Modes (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HDLC Transfer Modes (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HDLC Transfer Modes (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HDLC Transfer Modes (3) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Structure HDLC uses synchronous transmission (frames) header trailer END!!
Key Points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key Points -2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sliding Window Diagram

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6 data linkcontrol

  • 1. Data Communications - Data Link Control Protocols Key Points
  • 2.
  • 3. Model of Frame Transmission (mengelirukan)
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Bit length of link B=R x d/V B = length of the link in bits , this is the number of bits present on the link at an instance in time when a stream of bits fully occupies the link R = data rate of the link, in bps d = length, or distance of the link in meter V = velocity of propagation, in m/s Propagation delay a = B/L L = number of bits in the frame (length of the frame in bits)
  • 7. Stop and Wait Link Utilization length of link > length of frame (1 frame/time =Inefficient) length of link < length of frame
  • 9.
  • 10. Sliding Window Diagram- Sender Assume using 2 3 = 8,no. = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,0… Each time a frame is sent  window shrink (# of frames may be transmitted) Each time ACK is received  window grows (to end side (total of 7 frames)) acknowledged Sent but not yet acknowledged
  • 11. Sliding Window Diagram-receiver ACK must includes F0 (RR 0) “ Receiver has received all frames up to F7 and is ready to receive F0.” Each time a frame is received  window shrink (# of frames available) Each time ACK is sent  window grows (to end side (total of 7 frames)) *RR = Ready Receive
  • 12. Example Sliding Window A may transmits 7 frames, beginning with F0 A transmits F0,F1,F2 (no ACK) A shrunk its window to 4 frames, maintains copy of F0,F1,F2 A may transmits 4 frames, beginning with F3 B transmits RR 3 frames (received frames up to F2, ready to receive 7 more frames starts from F3) B grows back to 7 frames, starts from F3 A discards copy of F0,F1,F2 A transmits F3,F4,F5,F6 B returns RR 4 (ACK F3, allows A transmits from F4 – F2) By the time RR 4 reaches A, A already transmitted F4,F5,F6,So A can only transmits 4 frames starts from F7. B may receives 7 frames, beginning with F0 B shrunk its window to 4 frames (available frames)
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Stop and Wait - Diagram # of frame : Labeled alternately 0 and 1 ACK0 : Receiver received frame 1, Ready to receive frame 0. ACK1 : Receiver received frame 0, Ready to receive frame 1.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. Go Back N - Diagram RR 2: REJ 4: RR(P bit=1)
  • 26.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. Frame Structure HDLC uses synchronous transmission (frames) header trailer END!!
  • 36.
  • 37.