Ina subjesct of Urban Housing in Town and Country planning (TCP) sem- 1

2.  Well planned housing creates conditions which are hygienic
and environmentally favorable for the proper and healthy
growth of human civilization.
 It is vital to differentiate between ‘need’ and ‘demand’ and to
recognize that valid policy responses regarding housing.
 Low and Lower income families require long periods of
repayment which will be difficult on the part of any financial
institution running on a commercial basis.
 Innovative approaches are necessary to tackle this problem.

3.  Meets housing demand (Urbanization, Demographics).
 Prevent slum produce.
 An engine of equitable economic growth – investments,
savings, wealth.
 Contributes to poverty reduction (asset building,
retirement, empowerment, community strengthening,
better quality of life).
 Promote financial stability and economic flexibility.

5.  National housing policy for India was formulated in 1992, and
incorporated in 8th Five Year Plan (1992-97)
 Objectives of the policy:
i. To assist all people and majorly homeless, inadequately
housed and vulnerable sections to secure for themselves
affordable shelter.
ii. To create environment for housing activity by various
sections of society and eliminating constraints.
iii. To expand provision of infrastructure facilities in rural as
well as urban area.
iv. To promote more equal distribution of land and houses in
urban and rural areas.

6. v. To promote vernacular (i.e. young) architecture and
preserve the nation’s rich heritage in the field of human
settlements.
 National housing policy has identified four core areas to
implement the proposals.
a. Supply and management of land
b. Rural housing
c. Infrastructure development
d. Urbanization Pattern
e. Housing Finance
f. Flow of funds

7.  Creation of legal and regulatory framework to increase supply
of land through measures like land reforms, review of
slumupgradation and improvement.
 Provides conformity of occupancy rights, revision of Master
Plan standards, building by-laws, various infrastructure
standards to reduce cost of land and its construction.
 Leads to amendment of Land Acquisition Act for quick
acquiring of land in public interest, Ceiling And Regulation
Act to remove inhabiting effect of legislation on enhancement
of supply of land, vacant land tax etc.

8.  To promote use of local building materials and techniques.
 Create an environment for primarily self-help housing concept.
 Direct the activities of public agencies towards development
of infrastructure which is linked with the issue of supply of
serviced land.
 Modify norms of infrastructure provision to make them
affordable in context present state of economy, involvement of
private developers, increase the fund raising capacity of
ULBs.

9.  To promote balanced pattern of urbanization in order to reduce
population pressure on metropolitan and large cities.
 To support development of industrial growth centers.
 Attention to the development of small and medium towns as
a part of integrated regional plans.
 Steps taken to reduce migration to larger cities.

10.  Evolved over a period of time, by non subsidized housing
system.
 To recognise inter-linkages of the housing finance system
with the financial sector.
 Expands flow of funds from both the formal and informal
sources.
 Promote various instruments for resource mobilisation like
mortgage market as a part of housing finance networks.

11.  To encourage cooperatives and other community based
organizations to take up various shelter related activities.
 To boost up the developers to invest in various forms of
housing and land development.
 Prepare public sector agencies to act as promoters and
facilitators instead of builders.

12.  A type of seller financing in which a firm extends customers a
loan, allowing them to purchase its goods or services.
 In-house financing eliminates the firm's dependence on the
financial sector for providing the customer with funds to
complete a transaction.

14.  It is a legal entity, usually a corporation, which owns real estate,
consisting of one or more residential buildings; it is one type
of housing tenure.
 Housing cooperatives are a distinctive form of home ownership that
have many characteristics that differ from other residential
arrangements such as single family ownership and renting.
 It also requires sufficient encouragement from the government side.
 There are nos. of difficulties in co-operative housing like lack of
long-term finance, suitable land, services, poor construction
management.
 Examples HDFC, HUDCO, NHB, Gruh Finance, DHFL etc.

15. Central Government
 To act as ‘facilitator’ and ‘enabler’
 To advise and guide respective State Governments to adopt and
implement the National Urban housing & Habitat Policy
 To promote balanced development
 To develop suitable financial instruments for promotion of housing
for the EWS and LIG groups

16.  To promote action plans for the creation of adequate infrastructure
facilities in context of water, drainage system, sanitation,
sewerage, power supply, transport connectivity
 To develop economically possible housing promotion models and
standards for the promotion of physical, social and economic
services
 To develop suitable fiscal allowance in collaboration with the
Ministry of Finance for the promotion of housing and urban
infrastructure with main focus on EWS/LIG beneficiaries.

17. State Government
 To prepare the State Urban Housing and Habitat Policy
 To act as a facilitator in collaboration with ULBs/Private
sector/Co-operative sector/NGOs with regard to Integrated Slum
Development Projects (ISDPs) as well as Integrated Township
Development Projects (ITDPs)
 To ensure suitable flow of financial resources to potential
EWS/LIG beneficiaries as well as undertake the possibility gap
funding of large housing and habitat development projects
 To prepare medium and long term strategies for tackling problems
relating to provision of adequate water supply, drainage,
sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management, power supply
and transport connectivity

18.  To prepare and update Master Plans along with Zonal Plans,
Metropolitan Plans, District Plans and State level Regional Plan
by the respective agencies with provision of adequate land for urban
poor.
 To promote PPP for undertaking housing and infrastructure
projects.
 To encourage Co-operative Group Housing Societies, Employees
Organization, labor housing promotion organization, NGO and
Community Based Organizations (CBO) to have partnerships with
ULBs.
 To promote in-situ slum up gradation with a partnership between
the Central Government, State Government, ULBs,
Banks/MFIs, etc

19.  Due to huge magnitude of problem of urban housing, the
government and its public sector would draw up a long-term
programmed of liquidating urban housing shortage
 Also improves the Quality of Life (QoL) of the group of people
 Prime movers in approaching housing
 Plays the role of house provider at an affordable cost to certain
disadvantaged groups like shelter less, urban poor, victims of
natural disasters, etc

20.  They should act as promoters in the facilitation of housing activity
rather than builders of housing units
 Public housing are the houses that are constructed by the
government department for the different category of people based
on their family income, household number, etc
 Many government agencies like State Housing Board (SHB),
Urban development Authority, Municipal Corporation, Slum
Clearance Boards, State Industrial Infrastructure Development
Corporations, etc. are involved in the housing issues
 For housing, land is usually bought at very low prices, and finances
may be mobilized for the housing project from higher housing
finance agencies like HUDCO, LIC, HDFC etc

21.  The government mass housing is normally divided into various
income groups like HIG, MIG, LIG and EWS.
 After the completion, units are allotted on draw basis or by auction
at very low rate so it is made available to the LIGs and slum
people through subsidy
 The main motive of these agencies is:
 To stop people living in chaotic conditions
 To improve better conditions and
 Better Quality of Life (QoL)

22.  The people of private sector know the development process,
statutory plan proposals, land development cost, phases of
development, management of finance, etc
 This sector in housing comprises the individual house builders,
housing cooperation and groups, the NGOs and voluntary
institutions and associations, private developers and builders
 All these should be motivated to play their role effectively in
improving the conditions of urban housing based on the facilities
made available by the government and public sector institutions

23.  In order to motivate the private sector for taking initiative in
provision of housing, national housing campaign should be
launched.
 These developers are not a small group of people or not under
single window
 It varies according to size, investment, no. of units being
produced, typology of housing provided, development of
land area, working area, etc

24.  Build their own house with the help of engineer, architects,
contractors, etc
 Insist on best workmanship, better quality of material,
better choice in design and quality of construction.
 Group of people get together and forms a housing society
 Builds dwelling units by purchasing piece of land and with
the experts