The document summarizes the histology of the uterus. It has three main layers - the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The myometrium is the thick muscular middle layer responsible for contractions during childbirth. The endometrium is the inner mucous membrane layer that undergoes monthly changes including shedding during menstruation. The cervix has a narrow lumen that can dilate greatly during childbirth.

1. HISTOLOGY OF UTERUS
PRESENTED BY RIYA SHARMA

2. Introduction to female reproductive organ

4. Introduction to Uterus
• Uterus is hollow muscular pear shaped
organ lies in the pelvic cavity between
urinary bladder and rectum
• It is about 7.5cm long ,5 cm wide and its
walls are about 2.5 cm thick and weighs
about 30 to 40 grams

5. Blood supply :
Arterial blood supply : uterine arteries
branches of internal iliac artery
ovaries :ovarian arteries
Venous blood supply : internal iliac veins
Introduction contd….

6. Nerve supply :parasympathetic
fibres from the sacral outflow and
sympathetic fibres form lumbar
out flow

7. HISTOLOGY OF UTERUS
≈thick wall made up of muscle
≈covered by peritoneum
≈ small lumen lined by mucus
membrane

8. Histology contd……..
• Wall of uterus has three layers ,they are
1.Peritoneum
2.Myometrium
3.Endometrium

10. 1.perimetrium
• Typical serosa consisting single layer of
mesothelial cells supported by
connective tissue
• Folded on to the upper part of urinary
bladder called vesicounter pouch

11. PERITONEUM CONTD….
• Folds on rectum called rectouterine
pouch
• Laterally it form double fold with uterine
tubes ,cover fundus only called as broad
ligament

12. Myometrium
• Massive coat of smooth muscle arranged
In bundle ,separated by connective tissue
• 3 layers
• A inner layers of longitudinal muscle
fibres : the startum subvasculare
• A thick middle layer of cirucular and
obligue muscle fibres :stratum vasculare

13. MYOMETRIUM CONTD….
• An outer thin longitudinal layer beanth
perimetrium :startum supravascular
• The muscle cells have great elongation power
• Contraction of the muscle responsible for
expulsion of the fetus at the time of chlid birth

14. 3.ENDOMETRIUM
• Mucus membrane of the uterus
• Columnar epithelium containing mucus
secreting tubular gland
• Consists of lamina propria
• Blood vessel and stroma also under go
cyclic changes

15. ENDOMETRIUM CONTD..
• Has two layers
1.Upper functional layer thicker and reach in
blood vessel ,shed of during mestruation
2.basal layer lies next to myometrium ,fresh
functional layer generated during each cycle

16. ENDOMETRIUM CONTD……
 Lining epithelium before menarche are
ciliated
Epithelium rest on stroma ,highly cellular,
vascular & contain glands lined with
columnar epithelium
• Menstrual phases: postmenstrual
(thin),proliferative ,secretory(thickest) and
mestrual

18. CERVIX
• Cervix is somewhat different than body
of uterus
• Mucus membrane has number of oblique
fold called palmate folds
• Mucosa show small glandular cyst called
as ovula nabothi

19. CERVIX CONTD…..
• Mucus membrane lined with ciliated and
non ciliated epithelium
• Near the external os lined with startified
squamous epithelium
• Stroma under lying epithelium is less
cellular than body

20. CERVIX CONTD…..
• Narrow lumen with tremendous capacity of
dilation during child birth