Hairy fibre removal system using singeing & enzyme wash

5/22/2014
Hairy Fiber Removal System
Using
Singeing & Enzyme Wash

Name : MAZADUL HASAN SHESHIR
ID: 2010000400008
Batch: 13th Batch (Session 2009-2013)
Department: Wet Processing Technology
Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com
Blog: www. Textilelab.blogspot.com
Southeast University
Department of Textile Engineering
PREPARED BY ©right

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY
School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven and knit
material consisting of a network of natural or
artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn.
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In order to impart the required functional
properties to the fiber or fabric, it is necessary to
subject the material to different types of physical
and chemical treatments. For example, wash and
wear finish for a cotton fabric is necessary to make
it crease-free or wrinkle-free. In a similar way,
mercerizing, singeing, flame retardant, water
repellent, waterproof, anti-static and peach
finishing achieve various fabric properties desired
by consumers. For example-
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In the textile industry, loose fibres protruding on
the surface of textile goods are singed or enzyme
wash to remove them.
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Singeing is designed to burn off the surface fibres
from the fabric to produce smoothness. The fabric
passes over brushes to raise the fibres, then passes
over a plate heated by gas flames.
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During the singeing process, fibers which are not
tied in threads or in the cloth are burned or turned
to gas through the action of thermal energy,
normally by means of a flame. This means that a
fabric surface is achieved which is virtually free of
hairs and fibers.
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• Singeing of a fabric is done in order to obtain a clean fabric
surface which allows the structure of the fabric to be clearly
seen.
• Fabrics, which have been singed, soil less easily than un-
singed fabrics.
• The risk of pilling, especially with synthetics and their blends,
is reduced in case of singed fabrics.
• Singed fabrics allow printing of fine intricate patterns with
high clarity and detail.
• The risk of skitter dyeing with singed articles dyed in dark
shades is considerably reduced, as randomly protruding fibers
are removed in singeing which could cause diffused reflection
of light.5/22/2014

The action of burning away the protruding ends of the fibers is brought
about by the direct action of the flame ensuing from the gas burners.
Direct Singeing Includes:
• Gas singeing
• Cylinder singeing
• Blade singeing
• Gas singeing
• Plate singeing
• Roller singeing

In this system, the heat, in the forms of diffused
infra-red radiations, produces a more even singeing
effect.
• Infra-red ray burning system(both for woven & knit
fabric)
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In case of knitting process normally singing is not
done. Because the purpose of singing like removing
of having fibres from the fabric surfaces is done in
here by using enzyme . But simply in some special
cases like processing of viscose knit singing is done.
An enzyme-based process was applied in finishing
viscose fabrics, which are very susceptible to pilling
because of individual loose fibres ends which
protrude from surface, and impurities and fuzzes.5/22/2014

Finishing of knit-goods commonly was effected in
tubular form until recently. But there is a clear
tendency in the industry to process knits more and
more in open-width form. There are significant
Advantages such as
• improved quality
• reduced losses
• lower production cost
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• Equal distribution of the mixture by means of a series of
expansion and compression chambers.
• Uninterrupted flame band achieved by exit of the gas-air
mixture from two parallel slot nozzles.
• Generation of a homogenous flame by ideal combustion of
the gas-air mixture within the combustion chambers formed
of molded ceramic bricks.
• Generation of a highly concentrated, high-energy flame: the
prime requirement for singeing textile materials of natural,
regenerated and synthetic fibers.
These properties clearly distinguish the DOUBLE-JET burner
from conventional burners, in terms of reliability, precision,
performance, capacity, and energy consumption.
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This is the most intensive singeing position with highest efficiency. In
this position, the flame bounces onto the free-guided fabric at right
angles.
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In this position, the flame bounces at right angles onto the fabric while the fabric passes
onto water-cooled guide roller. This position avoids the penetration of the flame into the
fabric. The flame does not pass through the fabric, and because of the fabric passing onto
water-cooled roller, any thermal damage of temperature-sensitive synthetic fabrics is
avoided.
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In this position, the singeing flame falls on the fabric tangentially. The flame
touches only the protruding fibres without having any significant contact with the
main fabric body. This position is usually recommended for very light weight and
sensitive fabrics as well as fabrics with broken filaments.
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• Following are three essential conditions for good singeing:
• A flame with high mechanical & thermal energy to quickly burn thermoplastic
protruding fibres (e.g. polyester) without any molten beads formation
• A homogeneous flame with uniform mechanical & thermal energy to result in uniform
singeing
• An optimal flame/fabric contact time to neither result in incomplete not over-singeing.
• The flame should more bluish (less yellowish) to give the maximum temperature.
• Recommended flame should Control and maintain the length and angle of contact,
depending on the fabric construction, thickness, weight, heat sensitivity, etc.
• Fabric speed should be regulate according to the fabric construction/thickness/weight
etc..
• The flame should be set to cover just a little more than the fabric width. This will ensure
conservation of energy.
• Guide rolls next to the flames or the guide rollers on which flame is directed in case of
heat-sensitive fabrics should be cooled, generally by cold water circulating through the
guide rollers. Otherwise they could become red hot and scorch the fabric.
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• Incomplete Singeing
• Uneven Singeing Across the Fabric Width
• Uneven Singeing Along the Fabric Length
• Horizontal Singeing Stripes
• Vertical Singeing Stripes
• Over-singing or Thermal Damage of the Fabric
• Formation of Small Beads of Molten Material
• Both side of fabric is singed in gas singeing m/c.
• Uniform temp can be controlled.
• In gas singeing, brush is used which stands the lying projecting the fibers.
• Plates not decay on gas singeing machine.
• The fabric in interstices of warp and weft can be singed.
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• Each enzyme is a made of a sequence of amino acids (like pearl on a string, picture
1) folded into a unique three-dimensional structure that determines the function of
the enzyme.
• Only a small part of the enzyme participates in the catalysis of biochemical
reactions: the active site (picture 2). Enzymes are therefore very specific (e.g.
cellulose can only degrade cellulose).
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• Proteases act on soils and stains containing proteins. Examples are collar & cuff soil-lines,
grass, blood.
• Amylases remove starch-based soils and stains, e.g. sauces, ice-creams
• Lipases are effective in removing oil / greasy body and food stains
• Cellulases provide general cleaning benefits, especially on dust and mud, and also work on
garments made from cellulosic fibers, minimizing pilling to restore color and softness
• Active at very low levels (1 to 2 ppm, and sometime even below 1 ppm)
• Highly specific,
• Active at low temperatures, from 60°C to as low as the "30-40°C range"
• Highly biodegradable
• Wash at varying pH levels, from mild to high alkalinity;
• Retain laundering performance in the presence of chemicals such as bleach; builder,
surfactant, etc….
• Soften fabrics;
• Brighten their colors;
• Improve whiteness;
• Remove fatty stains at low wash temperatures;5/22/2014

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•Detergent + Wetting Agent
•Sequistering + Anticreasing + Sabilizer
Di-Mineralization
•Caustic
•Hydrozen Per Oxide
Scouring & Bleaching
•To controll PH at 4.5
Addition of Acetic Acid
•Temp-55°C
•PH-4.5
•Run Time-60 min
Enzyme Wash
•Temperature risi to 80°C to i activate the Enzyme
Temperature Controll
Dyeing
Rinsing
Unload

For Black color:
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•Detergent + Wetting Agent
•Anticreasing Agent + Sequistering Agent
Di-Mineralization
•Wetting Agent + Anticreasing Agent
•Caustic + Hydrozen Per Oxide
scouring & Bleaching
•6.00-7.00
Check PH
•Retrocell PL-ECO
•Temp:60°C, PH-6.00-7.00
Enzyme Wash
Levelling
•Brightener
Dyeing
•To controll PH at 4.5
Addition of Acid
•Temp-55°C
•pH-4.5 , Run time-60 min
Enzyme Wash
Drain WAsh
Unload

If a fabric is to have a smooth finish, singeing is
essential. Singeing is a dry process used on woven
goods that removes fibers protruding from yarns or
fabrics. These are burned off by passing the fibers
over a flame or heated copper plates. Singeing
improves the surface appearance of woven goods
and reduces pilling. It is especially useful for fabrics
that are to be printed or where a smooth finish is
desired. Pollutant outputs associated with singeing
include relatively small amounts of exhaust gases
from the burners.5/22/2014

In this type of singeing machine, the cloth passes over and in contact
with one or two heated curved copper plates. The thickness of the
plates ranges from 1 to 2 inches. The heating of the plates is done by
a suitable burning arrangement of gas mixed with air. The plates are
heated to bright redness and the cloth passes over and singeing is
done in contact with these plates at a speed ranging from 150 to 250
yards per minute.
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In this type of singeing machine, the cloth passes over and in contact with a heated rotary
cylinder made of copper or cast iron. The rotary cylinder has internal firing and revolves
slowly so that constantly a fresh surface of the roller comes in contact with the cloth. The
direction of rotation of the cylinder is opposite to the direction of the fabric so that the
protruding fibres or nap of the fabric is raised.
Fig: Line diagram of rotary-cylinder singeing machine
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In this type of singeing machine, the fabric passes over a burning gas flame at such a speed
that only the protruding fibres burn and the main body of the fabric is not damaged by the
flame. This is the most common type of machine used for singeing fabrics as well yarns .
Fig. 3. Principle of gas singeing machine.
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The fabric to be singed should be dry as wet fabric tend
to scorch more readily than dry.
Uneven singeing may cause streaks on fabric or bubbles
when the fabric is finished.
Stopping the machines may cause bars on the fabrics.
The fabric should not contain any acid releasing
salt,which may release acid on heating and tender the
fabric.
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Hairy fibre removal system using singeing & enzyme wash

Hairy fibre removal system using singeing & enzyme wash

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Hairy fibre removal system using singeing & enzyme wash