Achieving Sustainable Food Security: New Trends and Emerging Agenda
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Multistakeholder Dialogue on Implementing Sustainable Development New York, February 1, 2010
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Achieving Sustainable Food Security: New Trends and Emerging Agenda
- 1. Achieving Sustainable Food Security: New Trends and Emerging Agenda Shenggen FanDirector General International Food Policy Research Institute Multistakeholder Dialogue on Implementing Sustainable Development New York, February 1, 2010
- 2. Key messages Global food security is under stress Africa needs special attention Agenda for achieving sustainable food security
- 3. Food security under stress Population growth and demographic changes High and volatile prices Land and water constraints Climate change etc. Food security stress Agenda Africa
- 4. Hunger increased in the last decade Number of undernourished (1969-71 to 2009) Source: FAO 2009.
- 6. Prevalence of underweight in children
- 7. Under-five mortality rateSource: von Grebmer et al. 2009.
- 8. Rapidly growing population and demographic change World population reaches 9 bil. by 2050 All growth to come from urban areas Most growth to come from developing countries Rising working age population in Africa Source: FAO 2009. Larger and more urban population will demand more and better food
- 9. Land constraints are high Land degradation, 1981-2003 Source: Bai et al. 2007 (LADA, FAO/ISRIC).
- 10. Water stress is also high Severe water stress will affect about half of the world's population by 2030 (OECD 2008) Source: IWMI 2004.
- 11. NCAR A2a Source: M. Rosegrant (IFPRI) 2009. Climate change will put additional pressure on food production systems Climate change impact on production: Rainfed maize, 2050 Global production = -16%
- 12. Trade policies affecting food prices Food security now more dependent on non-food policies e.g. trade, energy, finance Source: Headey, Malaiyandi, and Fan 2009.
- 13. Africa needs special attention Poverty prevalence ca. 2005 ($1.25/day) 2009 Global Hunger Index Source: Stan Wood et al. 2009. Pixel size: 25km2 Source: von Grebmer et al. 2009. Food security stress Agenda Africa
- 14. Progress towards 10% budget allocation of the Maputo Declaration in Africa Source: ReSAKSS 2009.
- 15. Agricultural growth rates required to achieve MDG1 Source: Fan et al. 2009.
- 16. Annual agriculture financing gaps to meet the poverty MDG – African countries Source: Johnson 2009.
- 17. Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) Africa-wide network Supports implementation of CAADP and other regional initiatives by: promoting evidence-based decision-making improving awareness of the role of agriculture for development filling knowledge gaps promoting dialogue facilitating CAADP benchmarking and review processes http://www.resakss.org
- 18. 1. Improve smallholder productivity Improve access to inputs (e.g. seeds, fertilizer) Improve access to services (e.g. extension) Increase investment in rural infrastructure (e.g. rural feeder roads, water, irrigation) Promote agricultural research and innovation Food security stress Agenda Africa
- 20. Support beneficial institutional arrangements e.g.
- 24. Scale up pro-poor ICTs e.g.
- 27. 4. Promote productive safety nets Goals: Secure and smooth food consumption Enable saving and investment Build and diversify assets Types of interventions e.g.: Conditional cash/food transfers Maternal and child health/nutrition programs Public works Insurance for the poor Programs depend on needs, capacities, and resources Source: Adato and Hoddinott 2008.
- 29. Cropping and grazing pattern
- 31. Water allocation policy
- 33. Land use change
- 34. Agriculture and water price policies
- 35. Investment, subsidy, tax policies
- 36. Trade policies
- 37. Regional trade policies
- 38. Global climate policies
- 39. Global trading patternsClimate change Farm level Extreme weather events Basin level National level Demographic change Regional level Conflict and crises Global level GLOBAL CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES SPACIAL SCALES Source: IFPRI, Ringler 2007.
- 40. 6. Reform global food governance system Reform options: Maintain current institutions: Make marginal improvements Form innovative government networks: Strengthen government-to-government systems for decision making Expand current system: Explicitly engage the new players in the global food system—the private sector and civil society Source: von Braun and Islam 2009.
- 41. In sum Improve smallholder productivity Link smallholders to markets Keep trade open Promote productive safety nets Integrate climate change into strategies at all levels Reform global food governance system
- 42. Further prioritization of actions needed Source: Fan, Mogues, and Benin 2009.
- 43. The most effective and sustainable actions must be country-led and country-owned
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Water stress indicator ranges from 0 to 1 (0 indicates low water stress, 1 indicates high).Note: This IWMI data set shows what proportion of the utilizable water in world river basins is currently withdrawn for direct human use and where this use is in conflict with environmental water requirements, which is the estimated volume of water required for the maintenance of freshwater-dependent ecosystems at the global scale. This total environmental water requirement consists of ecologically relevant low-flow and high-flow components and depends upon the objective of environmental water management. Both components are related to river flow variability and estimated by conceptual rules from discharge time-series simulated by the global hydrology model.
- As quoted by the WTO staff, examples of border measures are: Argentina has recently imposed non-automatic licensing requirements on products as auto parts, textiles, TVs, toys, shoes, and leather goods.India reportedly raised tariffs on some steel products in November 2008. On November 17, 2008, Mercosur members decided to raise their common external tariff, by five percentage points, on numerous items, like wine, peaches, dairy products, textiles, leather goods and wood furniture. - But it seems that this has not been really implementedOn November 26, 2008, Ecuador raised, between 5 and 20 percentage points, its tariffs on 940 products, including butter, turkey, crackers, caramels, blenders, cell phones, eyeglasses, sailboats, building materials, and transport equipment. Russia (a non WTO-Member) has announced its plans to raise import tariffs on cars and harvesters and continued to impose SPS measures. Ukraine‘s Parliament has been considering raising applied tariffs.In December 2008, Indonesia’s government implemented a regulation which states that imports on 500 individual tariff lines, including textiles, toys, and electronics will require special licenses granted conditionally upon the approval of domestic producers.In December 2008, the Republic of Korea announced that its tariffs on imports of crude oil will rise from 1 percent to 3 percent from March 2009.The European Union announced that it would re-introduce export subsidies for some dairy products from late-January 2009.Some measures emphasized by the WTO have been discussed at the domestic level in the beginning of 2008 -> Before the Crisis