Basic Christian counselling

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Introduction to Christian Counselling
Pastor Shaun Abrahams BA.TH
North West University, Pretoria, South Africa.
WELCOME

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Introduction to Christian Counselling - OutlineOutline
I.I. Introduction, Definition & BiblicalIntroduction, Definition & Biblical
ExplanationExplanation
II.II. The Theological FoundationThe Theological Foundation
III.III. The Authority of the ScripturesThe Authority of the Scriptures
IV.IV. The Role of the Holy SpiritThe Role of the Holy Spirit
V.V. The Role of the ChurchThe Role of the Church
VI.VI. Summation and ChallengeSummation and Challenge

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Three Approaches to Counselling
 Expert Knowledge:
Sigmund Freud and F. J. Skinner.
 Common Knowledge:
Carl Rogers (humanistic), O. Hobart &
Mowrer (behaviour therapy)
 Biblical Counselling/Divine Knowledge:
Scripture, God's Revelation.
I. IntroductionI. Introduction

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Sigmund Freud
 The therapist would try to determine who did what
to the Person!
 Popularized the study of the unconscious mental
processes. He taught that our outward behaviour
(especially when abnormal) was the product of
unconscious mental conflict.
He placed a great emphasis on the unconscious
process and would employ the use of hypnoses, dream
analysis, and free association to ascertain what might
be troubling the person.
Expert Knowledge:

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Sigmund Freud
Freud referred to himself as a godless heathen, and a
hopeless Jew.
He emphasized sex as the basis of most every drive.
 He took a very dim view of religion, rejecting both the
teaching, doctrine, and methods of theology and its
conclusions. A religious experience to him was a child's
delusion.
Expert Knowledge:

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B. J. Skinner:
The behaviourist claims to be committed only to the use
of factual evidence.
 He believed that man is a product of evolution -- not a
created being.
Skinner taught that mankind is a product of his
environment.
 The goal is survival and natural selection is the process
(that is, survival of the fittest).
Expert Knowledge:

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Both Freud and Skinner saw the counselees as not
being responsible, but held others responsible for their
actions.
Freud saw the problem as poor socialization, that is,
"What did society do to the person?”
Skinner would say that man is not responsible because
a determined animal cannot be held accountable.
He taught that the environment was the cause of
human behaviour.
 By manipulating one's environment you can change
the person's behaviour.
Expert Knowledge:

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The expert knowledge approach is based squarely
upon the premise (or presupposition) that man is NOT
responsible for what he does.
As a result conventional psychiatry believes that:
a. Mental illness exists.
b. Probing into the client's past life is always an essential
part of treatment. (Who did WHAT to the person?)
c. Transference is an important part of the therapy
process. (Putting the blame elsewhere.)
Expert Knowledge:

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Carl Rogers.
The father of "client-centred therapy,"
The counsellor reflects the counselee's
responses back to him and, thus, set up a
catalytic atmosphere of acceptance.
Such an environment is supposed to allow the
client to get in touch with the innate resources
within himself for successfully dealing with life
and developing self-esteem.
Common Knowledge:

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Rogers sees people as basically good or healthy -- or
at very least, not bad or ill.
He sees mental health as the normal progression of
life, and he sees mental illness, criminality, and other
human problems, as distortions of that natural
tendency.
The entire theory is built on a single “force of life” he
calls the actualizing tendency. It can be defined as the
built-in motivation present in every life-form to
develop its potentials to the fullest extent possible.
 We’re not just talking about survival: Rogers
believes that all creatures strive to make the very best
of their existence.
Common Knowledge:

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Observations about secular counselling
 Contradictions in Psychotherapy.
 Psychology is not motivated by compassion.
 Labels do not mean a cure.
Psychology cannot be trusted.

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Freud, for example, conceived of his work this way:
“The words, ‘secular pastoral worker,’ might well serve
as a general formula for describing the function which
the analyst…has to perform in his relation to the public.”
 Freud saw himself doing “pastoral work in the best
sense of the word.” But this pastoral ministry did not
offer people the mercy and grace of the personal Lord
who searches every heart and shepherds souls. Instead,
when Freud counselled someone, he would seek “to
enrich him from his own internal resources.”
Sigmund Freud, “The Question of Lay Analysis” and “Postscript,” in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological
Works of Sigmund Freud (London: Hogarth Press, 1926 and
1927, volume 20), pp. 255f, 250.
Psychotherapists function as “secular priests,” as the
more self-conscious among them freely acknowledge.
Psychotherapists function as “secular priests,” as the
more self-conscious among them freely acknowledge.

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Carl Jung described a different aspect of the
counselling dynamic. “Patients force the
psychotherapist into the role of a priest and
expect and demand of him that he shall free
them from their distress.
That is why we psychotherapists must occupy
ourselves with problems which, strictly speaking,
belong to the theologian.”
4Carl Jung, Modern Man in Search of a Soul, translated by W. S.
Dell and Cary F. Baynes (San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1933), p. 241.

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The practitioners of psychotherapeutics are not
“scientists” studying subjects with cool detachment, nor
are they “medical personnel” treating psychic
pathologies, nor are they “technicians” of mental
content, emotional state, and behavioural habit.
 Mental health professionals necessarily act as
prophet-theologians, who define human nature and the
meaning of life while typically excising God. They
necessarily act as priest-pastors, who typically shepherd
the human soul to find refuge in itself, in other people,
and in psychoactive medication, because they construct
a universe barren of the living God and His Christ.

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“In spite of the best intentions to remain biblical, it is
frighteningly easy to admit concepts into our thinking
which compromise biblical content. Because
psychologists have spent up to nine years studying
psychology in school and are pressed to spend much of
their reading time in their field in order to stay current,
it is inevitable that we develop a certain ‘mindset.’ The
all-too-common but disastrous result is that we tend to
look at Scripture through the eyeglasses of psychology.”
-Larry Crabb in Effective Biblical counselling

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“My thesis is that in the next two decades the greatest
threat to Biblical authority is the behavioral scientist
who would in all good conscience man the barricades to
defend the front door against any theologian who
would attack the inspiration and authority of Scripture
while all the while himself smuggling the content of
Scripture out the back door through cultural or
psychological interpretation. It seems to me that much
ofcurrent evangelical Christian counselling evidences a
strong admixture, and often a controlling overdose, of a
non-Biblical understanding of man.”
-- Robertson McQuilkin in “The Behavioral Sciences Under the Authority of Scripture,”
JETS

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 One's methodology, model in counselling, or method
of counselling will come from his presuppositions, or
what he believes to be true.
 In counselling, your method to bring about change, or
to deal with a person, will grow out of your basic view of
God and man.
 One's attitude and treatment of people in counselling
grows out of what one believes.

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 Man's basic problem is depravity, hence, the
need of regeneration or sanctification
 The Bible must be the final authority in faith and
practice.
 All systems of counselling must be studied in the
light of the Word of God.
Biblical Counselling/ Divine Knowledge:

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What Biblical counselling is.
 Biblical counselling discerns thinking and
behavior that God wants to change.
 Biblical counselling uses God’s Word, by the
Holy Spirit, to change motives, thinking, and
behavior to Christlikeness.
 Biblical counselling seeks the glory of God
and the benefit of the counselee.
 Biblical counselling is “nouthetic” (Acts
20:31, Rom. 15:14, 1 Cor. 4:14, Col. 1:28,
3:16, 1 Thes. 5:12, 14, 2 Thes. 3:15)

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 The English word “nouthetic” is really just a word borrowed
from the Greek language. The Greek word noutheteo is a verb
which means “to counsel about avoidance or cessation of an
improper course of conduct” (BDAG). It is variously translated
as admonish, warn, or instruct.
Colossians 1:28 sums up the process well:
“And we proclaim Him [Christ], admonishing[noutheteo]
every man and teaching every man with all wisdom, so
that we might present every man complete [mature] in
Christ.”
What do we mean by “nouthetic” counselling?

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Acts 20:31 Therefore watch, and remember, that by the
space of three years I ceased not to warn every one night and
day with tears.
1 Thessalonians 5:14 Now we exhort you, brethren, warn
them that are unruly, comfort the feebleminded, support the
weak, be patient toward all men.
2 Thessalonians 3:14 And if any man obey not our word by
this epistle, note that man, and have no company with him, that
he may be ashamed. vs:15 Yet count him not as an enemy, but
admonish him as a brother.
Romans 15:14 And I myself also am persuaded of you, my
brethren, that ye also are full of goodness, filled with all
knowledge, able also to admonish one another.

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When we say that Biblical counselling is nouthetic,
what we mean is that for counselling to truly be biblical,
it must be primarily instructive, warning and
admonishing people about sin and training them in
righteousness.
Biblical counselling is the practice of training believers
toward greater Christ-likeness through the careful use
of the Scriptures for the glory of God.
Biblical counselling is empowered by a complete
dependence on the power of the Holy Spirit.

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 Biblical counselling is the practice of training
believers toward greater Christ-likeness through the
careful use of the Scriptures for the glory of God.
 Biblical counselling is best achieved in the realm of
the authority of God’s local church.
 Colossians 2:8 See to it that no one takes you captive
by philosophy and empty deceit, according to human
tradition, according to the elemental spirits of the
world, and not according to Christ.

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 Biblical counselling is not an autonomous
ministry (Eph. 4:11-16).
 Biblical counselling is not an activity
reserved for the experts (Rom. 15:14).
 Biblical counselling is not an optional
ministry (Acts 20:31, Col. 1:28-29)
 Biblical counselling is not an entity
separate from discipleship. It is intensive
discipleship.
What Biblical counselling is not

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How do we go about Christian Counselling?
Prayerfully.
Dependant on the Holy Spirit.
Dependant on the Authority of the Scriptures.
In the setting of the church.

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 Who can counsel?
 What qualifies the counsellor?
 What is the basis of knowledge for
counselling?
 Are we adequate as counsellors?
Questions

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The Christian Life
Growth in
Christ-likeness
Bible reading & study
Prayer
Corporate Worship
Fellowship
Ministry &
Service
Crisis
“Spiritual Ditch”
Discipleship
Adapted by a chart produced by Dr. Steve Viars of Faith Baptist Church

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2. The Theological Foundation of
Biblical counselling

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The Authority of the ScripturesThe Authority of the Scriptures
All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for
teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in
righteousness; so that the man of God may be adequate,
equipped for every good work. – 2 Timothy 3:16-17
(NASB)
Grace and peace be multiplied to you in the
knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord; seeing that
His divine power has granted to us everything
pertaining to life and godliness, through the true
knowledge of Him who called us by His own glory
and excellence. - 2 Peter 1:2-3 (NASB)

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A. The Foundational Presupposition
 The inspired and inerrant Word of God (the
Bible) is the only authoritative source by
which we can know absolute truth. Only
the Scripture is totally sufficient to address
any issue of life
 All Scripture is inspired by God and
profitable for teaching, for reproof, for
correction, for training in righteousness; so
that the man of God may be adequate,
equipped for every good work. – 2 Timothy
3:16-17 (NASB)

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The Theological Foundation
Scriptures
Exegesis (Interpretation)
Biblical Theology
Systematic Theology
Practical
Theology
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
What does the
text say?
What does
the text
mean?
What truths &
doctrines does
it teach?
What does
the whole
Bible say
about it?
How does it
apply to life?

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1. Level 5 without levels 1-4 is not biblical
counselling
a. Biblical counselling is not just a system of counselling
with Scripture sprinkled over it.
b. Too many people without theological training are
telling believers how to change and grow. The problem
is in how they form their models and systems of
counselling.
• Human reason based on observation by unbelievers is
unreliable.
• Jeremiah 17:9 teaches that, as a result of the fall into sin,
man’s mind/heart was corrupted such that his thinking and
reasoning are ultimately unreliable. This is called the noetic
effect of sin.

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The Incorrect Theological Foundation
Scriptures
Exegesis (Interpretation)
Biblical Theology
Systematic Theology
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
Psychology
Practical
Theology
WHY?
The belief that
Scriptures are
not sufficient

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c. For counselling to be considered biblical, Scripture must
have an active, functional control on any methods of
change and growth believers use.
2. Levels 1-4 without level 5 is incomplete and
ineffective
a. Theology is intrinsically practical. In the Bible, theology
is never given in a vacuum. It is always given with the
goal of application, change, and growth.
b. The task of biblical counselors (and believers in general)
is to minister the Word of God, not to simply throw
Bible verses at a problem.
2. In the church today, there is a battle over the
sufficiency of Scripture. The battle is over level 5

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The Significance of Systematic Theology as the
Foundation of Biblical counselling
1. Theology Proper – the doctrine of God
a. He is the Creator. counselling must therefore be
theo-centric (God-centered), not anthropocentric
(man-centered).
b. Since God is holy, we should be holy as well
2. Epistemology – the doctrine of knowledge
1. God defines reality and gives categories of reality –
Only God sees the whole picture!
2. If people want a sound mind, they must see things as
God sees them and define them as He does (Prov.
1:7, 9:10).

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3. Bibliology – the doctrine of the Scriptures
a. The Scriptures have authority. The Bible speaks
of every area of life
b. The Scriptures are relevant for every situation
(2 Tim. 3:16-17, 2 Pet. 1:3)
c. A failure to acknowledge these truths leads to:
• A pursuit of comfort rather than obedience
• Personal experience becomes the authority rather
than God’s Word
• Contemporary thinking becomes the guide instead
of the principles of the Bible

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4. Anthropology – the doctrine of man
a. Man is God’s creation.
• He is not an animal
• He is not a victim of his environment
a. Man is not autonomous. He is dependent on
God.
b. Man is totally depraved
• On his own he cannot do good (Rom. 3:10-18).
• His heart is deceitfully wicked (Jer. 17:9-10).
• His goal in life is selfishness and only evil continually
(Gen. 6:5).

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d. Man is directed by his heart/mind (his mission
control center). This is the area in need of
change.

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Heart - Mission Control Center
WILL
CONSCIENCE
THOUGHTS
Outer Man
Inner Man
DESIRES EMOTIONS
BELIEFS
BEHAVIOR
Proverbs 4:23
Ephesians
4:23
Romans 12:2
Mark 7:20-23, Matthew 12:34

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e. Man was created to glorify God, but because of sin, he
seeks to glorify himself (Rom. 1:18ff, 3:23)
1. Hamartiology – the doctrine of sin
a. All people are sinners, born with a bent toward
unrighteousness (Rom. 3)
b. Sin renders people helpless to change themselves (Eph.
2:1-3)
c. A sinner is alienated from God, and as a result, he will
seek fulfillment from the world’s system (1 John 2:15-
17). The implications:
• Christ will not be seen as the only solution to man’s problems.
• People will try to provide substitutes that promise fulfillment.
• The focus is on dealing with felt needs instead of “real” needs.

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d. Sin leads to many other problems (feelings of guilt and
shame, depression, unhappiness, physical problems,
worldly “syndromes”)
6. Soteriology – the doctrine of salvation
a. God sent Jesus to reconcile sinners to himself (2 Cor.
5:19)
b. Jesus’ perfect life of obedience and substitutionary
death provide the basis for a believer’s restoration to
God
• There must be a propitiation for God’s wrath (Rom. 3:25)
• There must be imputation of righteousness and atonement for
sin (Rom. 3:24, 2 Cor. 5:21)
• There must be redemption from the bondage of sin (Rom.
3:24)
• There must be reconciliation to God (2 Cor. 5:19)

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c. A sinner comes to be reconciled to God through
repentance and faith
7. Christology – the doctrine of Christ
a. Christ was the second Adam – He is our
example (Rom. 5)
b. Christ died as a substitute for people
c. Christ is Lord – Nothing is needed apart from
His help. There is no problem He can’t solve.
Nothing is hopeless!

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8. Pneumatology – the doctrine of the Holy Spirit
a. The Holy Spirit is a person.
b. The Holy Spirit is needed for a person to truly change
(Rom. 8, Gal. 5)
c. The person who is trying to help others change also
needs the Holy Spirit
8. Ecclesiology – the doctrine of the church
a. The church is the body of Christ – Jesus is the head
b. The body of Christ is the place of worship and
sanctification – believers need other believers to grow!
(Eph. 4:11-16)

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• The church exists to provide a context of loving
fellowship with one another for the purpose of
mutual edification (Eph. 3:16-19, 4:12-16).
• The church is a training center whereby people can
grow through the application of teaching and the
utilization of their spiritual gifts.
c. The church has authority – it is the pillar and
support of the truth.
d. The church exists to evangelize the lost (Titus
2:11-14, Matt. 28:19-20).

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Theological Problems to be aware of with improper practice and methods of
counselling.
1. Absence of the Holy Spirit
2. Neglect of the Church
3. Lack of emphasis on prayer
4. No commitment to the sufficiency of
Scripture
5. The renaming of sin and the omission of
repentance
6. Man-centered, feeling-oriented, needs-
oriented
7. Psychologized terminology & concepts

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3. The Authority of the Scriptures3. The Authority of the Scriptures

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What the bible says about itself.
 Colossians 2:8 See to it that no one takes you
captive by philosophy and empty deceit, according to
human tradition, according to the elemental spirits
of the world, and not according to Christ.
 Rom 1:21-22 Because that, when they knew God,
they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful;
but became vain in their imaginations, and their
foolish heart was darkened. Vs22 Professing
themselves to be wise, they became fools,

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 2Peter 1:19-21 We have also a more sure word of prophecy;
whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that
shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star
arise in your hearts: Knowing this first, that no prophecy of
the scripture is of any private interpretation. For the
prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy
men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.
 2 Timothy 3:16-17 All scripture is given by inspiration of God,
and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for
instruction in righteousness: vs:17 That the man of God may
be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works.

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Jude 1:3 Beloved, although I was very eager
to write to you about our common salvation, I
found it necessary to write appealing to you
to contend for the faith that was once for all
delivered to the saints.
Gal 1:8 But even if we or an angel from
heaven should preach to you a gospel
contrary to the one we preached to you, let
him be accursed.

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 Psalm 19:7-14 The law of the LORD is perfect, reviving the
soul; the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the
simple; the precepts of the LORD are right, rejoicing the
heart; the commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening
the eyes; the fear of the LORD is clean, enduring forever; the
rules of the LORD are true, and righteous altogether. More to
be desired are they than gold, even much fine gold; sweeter
also than honey and drippings of the honeycomb. Moreover,
by them is your servant warned; in keeping them there is
great reward. Who can discern his errors? Declare me
innocent from hidden faults. Keep back your servant also
from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over
me! Then I shall be blameless, and innocent of great
transgression. Let the words of my mouth and the meditation
of my heart be acceptable in your sight, O LORD, my rock and
my redeemer.

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“Scripture is about counselling: diagnostic
categories, causal explanations of behaviour
and emotion, interpretation of external sufferings
and influences, definitions of tangible and
workable solutions, character of the counsellor,
goals for the counselling process, configuring
the professional structures for doing counselling,
critique of competing models.”
-David Powlison in “Affirmation & Denials:
Towards a Definition of Biblical counselling,” JBC

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4. The Role of the Holy Spirit4. The Role of the Holy Spirit

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What kind of Helper?
The other for word is allos. It is translated
“another” in English, but it means “another of
the same kind,” In other words the holy Spirit
is a helper in exactly the same fashion as
Jesus.

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The Divine Helper: I will ask the Father, and He will give
you another Helper– John 14:16
“Helper” is the Greek word parakletos that we
transliterate as a word you may be familiar
with — paraclete. It describes a spiritual
attendant whose role is to offer assistance,
support, relief, advocacy, and guidance. Isn’t it
interesting that the divine Counselor’s
ministry to believers is to provide the very
things so many people vainly seek in therapy?

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The Permanent Dweller:
That He may be with you forever… He dwells with you
and will be in you– Joihn14:16,17
 That was a New Covenant promise foretold in Ezekiel 37:14:
“And I will put My Spirit within you, and you will come to life.”
The prophet said that the Holy Spirit wouldn’t merely be
present with them; the greater truth was that He would be
resident within them permanently.
 Romans 8:9 “You are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if
indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. But if anyone does not
have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Him.”
 The believer enjoys the permanent, continuing presence of
the Holy Spirit living within.
 His help — all the resources of God Himself — is always
available.

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The Truth Teacher:
The Spirit of truth –John 14:17
He convicts of sin, righteousness and
judgment: - John16vs 7-15
He is called the Spirit of holiness
righteousness. - Romans1vs4, 1Peter1vs16
 He must control believers: - Ephesians 5vs18
The Holy Spirit is the author and illuminator of
the Scriptures – 2 Tim3vs16, 1 Cor.9-16,
1 John 2vs26+27.

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Believers are actually taught spiritual truth by
God Himself. John 6:45
The Holy Spirit’s ministry to us as a believers
involves teaching us. John14:26; 1 Corinthians
2:13, 1 John2:20, 27.
Guiding us into the truth of Christ. John16:13-
14.
Illuminating the truth for us. 1 Corinthians
2:12.
The Truth Teacher:
The Spirit of truth –John 14:17

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The Holy Spirit brings about real change in a
believers life. - Gal5vs22, vs25, Eph4vs30.
The Holy Spirit enables us. Acts1vs8, Acts2vs4,
2Tim1vs7.
Man’s Problems are largely sinful and so
spiritual: Rom3vs23, Rom7vs14-25,
2Cor.5vs17
The Agent of change.
Gal 5:22-23 “ But the fruit of the Spirit …”

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 Without the Holy Spirit’s as the central figure, biblical
counseling, cannot happen. He is the “paraclete”, the
helper, advocate, intercessor and counselor.
 We can offer no lasting change if we do not rely on
Him as the Person to bring about the counsel.
 The Holy Spirit is the counselor for this present
church age.
 The human counselor is a facilitator, who comes
alongside the hurting believer to assist in any way
they can, but dependant on the ministry and leading
of the Spirit of God.

61
5. The Role of the Church5. The Role of the Church

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Submitting to those who have watch. Hebrews 13:17
• Obey your leaders and submit to their
authority. They keep watch over you as men
who must give an account. (Heb. 13:17)
Pastoral care means responsibility.
• The nature of the pastoral relationship
includes an ongoing commitment to the
members of his local church whereas help
from outside the church does not.
Pastoral care means accountability.

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The church as a counselling unit. Eph. 4:11-13
 Restoring the sinning brother or sister Galatians 6:1-2.
 Building one another up in the faith. Eph. 4:11-13.
 All believers should be involved. 1Thessalonians 5:14.
 Primarily those who are filled with goodness and
knowledge. Romans 15:14.
In Exodus 18:13-27 Moses is encouraged to
spread the burden of judging amongst his able
and faithful men.

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6. Summation and Challenge6. Summation and Challenge

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Who can counsel?
 Rom 15:13 May the God of hope fill you with all joy
and peace in believing, so that by the power of the
Holy Spirit you may abound in hope.
 Rom 15:14 I myself am satisfied about you, my
brothers, that you yourselves are full of goodness,
filled with all knowledge and able to instruct one
another.

66
Who can counsel?
 Rom 15:13 May the God of hope fill you with all joy
and peace in believing, so that by the power of the
Holy Spirit you may abound in hope.
 Rom 15:14 I myself am satisfied about you, my
brothers, that you yourselves are full of goodness,
filled with all knowledge and able to instruct one
another.

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Who can counsel?
1Thessalonians 5:14. Now we
exhort[parakaleō] you, brethren,
warn[noutheteō] them that are unruly,
comfort[paramutheoma] the feebleminded,
support[antechomai] the weak, be
patient[makrothumeō]toward all men.

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1 John 4:7
Beloved, let us love one another:
for love is of God;
and every one that loveth
is born of God,
and knoweth God.

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Discovering Problem Areas
Setting Realistic Goals
Giving Hope
Pastor Shaun Abrahams BA.TH
North West University, Pretoria, South Africa.
WELCOME

Basic Christian counselling

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Basic Christian counselling

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