This document is a project report on designing earthquake resistant buildings. It discusses the causes of earthquakes and factors that affect how buildings settle during earthquakes. It then describes methods for designing seismic resistant buildings, such as using square shapes, horizontal bands, light construction materials, and strong foundations. Finally, it discusses two major methods to reduce earthquake effects: base isolation and energy dissipation. The overall goal is for civil engineers to safeguard structures from earthquakes through resistant design philosophies and modern techniques.
2. TABLE OF CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION
2.DEFINITION AND CAUSE OF EARTHQUAKE
3.FACTOR AFFECTING THE SETTLEMENT OF THE
BUILDING DURING EARTH QUAKE
4.DESIGNING OF SEISMIC RESISTANT BUILDING
5.METHODS OF REDUCING THE EFFECT OF
EARTHQUAKE
6.CONCLUSION
3. 1.INTRODUCTION
Earthquake is one of the most serious disaster of nature
If we will go through the recent past we can know the
consequences of earthquake in India
The catastrophic effect of “bhuj and assam earth quake” is still
unforgettable.
4. Beside this many more catastrophic earthquake had occurred in
India .
NAME OF
THE
PLACE
YEAR RATE/INTE
NSITY
NUMBER
OF DEATH
1.CUTCH 1819 8.3 1500
2.KANGRA 1905 8.6 1900
3.KILLARI 1993 6.4 7928
4.QUETTA 1935 7.6 30000
5.BIHAR -
NEPAL
1934 8.4 11000
6.BHUJ 2001 7.75 13805
7.BIHAR-
NEPAL
1988 6.6 1004
5. 2.DEFINITION AND CAUSES OF
EARTHQUAKE:-
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the earth,
resulting from the sudden release of energy in the earth
lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
Main causes:
It happens due to sudden movement of earth’s crust or
volcanic eruption.
6. 3.FACTOR AFFECTING THE SETTLEMENT OF
THE BUILDING DURING EARTH QUAKE
STRUCTURAL HEIGHT AND LOAD OF THE BUILDING.
LATERAL STRENGTH OF THE BUILDING.
ADEQUATED STIFFNESS OF THE STRUCTURE.
DUCTILITY AND FLEXIBILITY OF THE BUILDING.
7. TYPE OF THE SOIL ON WHICH THE BUILDING IS CONSTRUCTED.
ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN.
NO CONNECTION OF WYTHES (EXTERNAL VERTICAL WALLS).
USE OF LESS EFFECTIVE MORTAR AND POROUS BRICKS.
8. 4.DESIGNING OF SEISMIC RESISTANT
BUILDING:-
By making masonry building square shaped ,the seismic
resistance can improved.
The length of the wall should not
more.
9. A specific gap should provided at the joints of the building to
prevent the collision between the walls during earthquake.
10. Providing horizontal bands in the building by which it acts as
a single unit during earthquake and increases tensile strength of the
building.
11. Making the building’s own weight as less as possible by using
light weight construction materials.
12. Strength hierarchy should be followed as:- strength of beam<
strength of column <strength of foundation .
13. No gap should remain in between the slabs,columns
and beams.
14. Less porous brick and good quality of mortar should be use in
wall construction .
15. As the seismic load acts more on the lower part of the building so
we should make the lower part more strong as compare to the
upper part.
16. The column should be long to avoid short-column effect .
17. 5.METHODS OF REDUCING THE EFFECT
OF EARTHQUAKE
There are two major methods are avilable to reduce the effect
of earthquake on the buildings .
1.BASE ISOLATION METHODE
2.ENERGY DISSIPATION METHODE
18. CONLUSION
As a civil engineer, it is our duty to safeguard all the structures
from naturally occurring hazards such as Earthquakes.
Therefore we should aim for earthquake-resistant design
buildings. By adopting various design philosophies and
modern engineering techniques such as Base Isolation and
Energy Dissipation methods we can successfully resist
earthquake to a greater degree ,thus saving millions of lives
and protecting our economy.
THANK YOU
