This document discusses pharmacovigilance, which refers to monitoring the safety of drugs. It provides definitions of key terms like adverse drug reaction. The aims of pharmacovigilance include improving patient safety, assessing drug risks/benefits, and informing regulators. Major events like the thalidomide disaster led to stricter drug regulations. India has a national pharmacovigilance program involving 150 centers. The document then describes establishing a pharmacovigilance program at JPNATC hospital to monitor adverse drug reactions, provide training to healthcare professionals, and support national drug safety efforts. An initial training session for nurses improved their knowledge and awareness of pharmacovigilance.
3. ďAccording to WHO it is the science relating to detection,
assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse drug
reaction or any drugs related problem.
ADR???
4. Adverse drug reaction
ďA response to a drug that is noxious and unintended
which occurs at a dose normally used in man for
prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease.
6. ďPharmacovigilance is not only confined to Modern medicine
but also includes Herbal medicines, blood products and
vaccines too.
7. Aim of Pharmacovigilance
ďTo improve patient care and safety in relation to use of
medication
ďTo improve public health and safety in relation to use of
medicine
ďContribute to assessment of benefit, harm, effectivemess and
risk of medicines ,encouraging their safe and rational use.
ďPromote understanding, Educational and clinical Training in
Pharmacovigilance.
8. Guides regulators on whether the drug should beGuides regulators on whether the drug should be
continue in market,continue in market,
be restricted in usages, orbe restricted in usages, or
in worst possiblein worst possible
scenario,withdrawn from the marketscenario,withdrawn from the market
9. DRUGS RECENTLY BANNED IN
INDIA?
ďPioglitazone-can cause heart failure and increases risk of
bladder cancer.
ďDienxit- Deanxit is a harmful combination
ďAnalgin-causing a sharp fall in white blood cells, a potentially
fatal condition, called agranulocytosis
ďOthers-Sibutramin, Gatifloxacin,Nimuslide
10. History and Evolution
1937 âSulphanilamide +Diethylglycol Disaster
Death of 105 individuals
Diethyleneglycol was incriminated
Drug and Cosmetic Act, 1938 under which
pharmaceutical product manufacturers would have to
show scientific evidences of the safety of the drugs
before releasing them for sale.
11. 1959-1961 âThalidomide Disaster
(Max. Seen in Germany)
Linked to a congenital abnormality
phocomelia
In 1962, It was discontinued.
The Kefauver-Harris amendment was
approved, under which scientific evidences
of efficacy and safety of drugs required
before drug test/trail in humans.
13. ďWHO's Programme for International Drug Monitoring was
started in 1968 as a means of pooling existing data on adverse
drug reactions .
14. ďAt the end of 2010, 134 countries were part of the WHO
Pharmacovigilance Programme.
ďThis Program is coordinated by WHO together with its
collaborating centre in Uppsala, Sweden.
ďThe collaborating center is responsible for maintaining the
global ADR database, Vigibase. At present the database
contains more than four million ADR reports
ďTill Date -149 countries
15. Process in Pharmacovigilance
ďCollect and Record Adverse Event/ Adverse Drug
Reaction
ďCausality Assesment and analysis of ADR
ďCollate and Code in Database
ďCompute Risk benefit and Suggest regulatory action
ďCommunicate for safe use of drugs among stakeholders.
20. Pharmacovigilance at JPNATC
Objectives:
ďTo Monitor Adverse Drug Reaction seen in JPNATC
Patients
ďTo Create awareness among HCP about the importance of
ADR Reporting
ďTo monitor Benefit risk profile of Medicines
ďTo Support National Pharmacovigilance Center for
formulation of safety related regulatory decision for
Medicine.
21. Pharmacovigilance at JPNATC
ďInitiated along with Patient Safety Program at JPNATC
ďFeb 10th
: Meeting conducted at Pharmacology department Main
Hospital AIIMS. The following Stake holders were present at the
meeting.
1. HOD,Pharmacology Department,
2. Add. MS JPNATC,
3. Faculty Incharge IT.
4. HOD,Microbiology
5. Residents Hospital Administration
22. Minutes of Meeting
ďTo Initiate Pharmacovigilance program in JPNATC .
ď1 Phd Student and two Research Assistant to be appointed
for Pharmacovigilance program.
ďAdverse Drug Reaction form to be digitalized in
coordination with faculty I/C IT and to be incorporated in E-
Hospital
23. ďAppropriate Training session to be designed to enhance
knowledge of ADR reporting among Health care
professionals of JPNATC.
ďOrientation classes to Health care professional for guidance
to Report ADR
29. KAP Survey
ďTotal 25 Participants (Nurses , DNS, ANS ,Grade I and
Grade II)
20 set of question
Designation Frequency (n=25) Percentage
ANS 10 25%
DNS 3 12%
Grade I 8 32%
Grade II 7 28%
31. Conclusion
ďPharmacovigilance program is a helpful tool for protecting
consumers (Patients) from harmful effects of medicines.
ďADR Should be considered as professional obligation
ďEvery HCP should be aware of existing pharmacovigilance
mechanism in their country .
ďItâs the efficient way to boost the confidence for safety.
32. Dying from a disease is sometime
unavoidable, Dying from a
medicine is unacceptable !
-Lepakhin V. Geneva
Hinweis der Redaktion
A new breakthrough in this field only happened after an episode occurring in 1937. In that year, Sulfanilamide (Prontosil), used since 1932 for treatment of streptococcal infections, was launched as a syrup, containing diethyleneglycol as solvent. Although tested regarding aspect, taste and odor, its safety was not evaluated before launching. It was responsible for the death of 105 individuals (34 children and 71 adults) and diethyleneglycol was incriminated. This tragedy caused the American Congress to approve in 1938 the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, under which pharmaceutical product manufacturers would have to show scientific evidences of the safety of the drugs before releasing themfor sale.
The thalidomide tragedy is a milestone in the origin and development of pharmacovigilance. Thalidomide was introduced in 1957 and widely prescribed as an allegedly harmless treatment for morning sickness and nausea. It was tested in approximately 300 patients without toxicity. It was soon linked to a congenital abnormality phocomelia, which caused severe birth defects in children of women who had been prescribed this medicine during pregnancy. In 1962, after reports of numerous cases of phocomelia, it was discontinued. In the same year, the Kefauver-Harris amendment was approved, requiring scientific evidences of efficacy and safety before drug tests in humans
. Together with the WHO Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring, Uppsala, WHO promotes PV at the country level. The aims of PV are to enhance patient care and patient safety in relation to the use of medicines; and to support public health programmes by providing reliable, balanced information for the effective assessment of the risk-benefit profile of medicines.
The origin of pharmacovigilance in India goes back to 1986, when a formal adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring system consisting of 12 regional centers, each covering a population of 50 million, was proposed for India. [3] However, nothing much happened until a decade later when in 1997, India joined the WHO Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Programme based in Uppsala, Sweden. This attempt was unsuccessful and hence, from 1January 2005, the WHO-sponsored and World Bank-funded National Pharmacovigilance Program for India was made operational.