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9. IF THE STAR THE
WENT SUPERNOVA
WAS BETWEEN 1.4
AND 3 MSUN , THEN
THE REMNANT WILL
BE A NEUTRON STAR
OTHERWISE,
MFINAL > 3MSUN , AND
THE RESULT IS A
BLACK HOLE
BECAUSE THE IS NO
SOURCE OF
OUTWARD PRESSURE
STRONG ENOUGH.
10. FIRST, IT’S NOT REALLY A HOLE! A BLACK
HOLE IS AN EXTREMELY MASSIVE
CONCENTRATION OF MATTER, CREATED WHEN
THE LARGEST STARS COLLAPSE AT THE END OF
THEIR LIVES. THERE IS A INFINITY CALLED
SINGULARITY
11. CONVECTIONALTHEORY
OF BLACKHOLE
THIS THEORY IS BASED
ON THEORY OF
RELATIVITY
BLACK HOLE IS DEFINED
AS A REGION OF SPACE
HAVING A
GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
SO INTENSIVE THAT NO
MATTER OR RADIATION
CAN ESCAPE
ESCAPE VELOCITY FROM
BLACK HOLE IS MORE
THAN THE SPEED OF
LIGHT AND THEORY OF
RELATIVITY STATES THAT
NOTHING CAN TAVEL
FASTER THAN SPEED OF
LIGHT
12.
13. “NORMAL SIZED”
BLACK HOLES
MICROSCOPIC
(PRIMORDIAL) SIZED
SUPER-MASSIVE
BLACK HOLES (ON THE
ORDER OF MILLIONS
TO BILLIONS OF
SOLAR MASSES)
14. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE ATTRACT ALL MATTER
INTO A CENTRE OF BLACK HOLE CALLED
SINGULARITY
15. EVENT HORIZON:-THE EDGE OF THE BLACK HOLE
FROM WHERE NO MATTER OR RADIATION CAN
ESCAPE. IT IS INVISIBLE TO DISTANT VIEWERS
DISTANCE FORM SINGULARITY TO EVENT
HORIZON IS CALLED Schwarzschild RADIUS
16. Event horizon
the event horizon, is
formed by the light
rays that just fail to
escape from the black
hole, hovering forever
just on the edge. It
is a bit like running
away from the police
and just managing to
keep one step ahead
but not being able to
get clear away!
17. Apparent Horizon
This zone is
proposed by sir
stephen hawkings
that in this
horizon matters
energy is trapped
and suspended and
eventually released
18. .
The light rays in this
event horizon never
approch each other.
It would be like meeting
someone else running
away from the police in
the opposite direction
and you both will be
caught! the event
horizon might stay the
same or increase with
time, but it could never
decrease because that
would mean that at least
some of the rays of light
in the boundary would
have to be approaching
each other. In fact, the
area would increase
whenever matter or
radiation fell into the
black hole
19. .
if two black holes
collided and merged
together to form a
single black hole, the
area of the event
horizon of the final
black hole would be
greater than or equal to
the sum of the areas of
the event horizons of
the original black holes.
This nondecreasing
property of the event
horizon’s area placed an
important restriction on
the possible
behavior of black holes
20.
21.
22. 22
Mass distorts space by“curving” it
Objects and light moving near the massive object
are forced to take a curved path around the
object.
Just like the Moon orbiting Earth.
23.
24. THE BLACK HOLE ITSELF MAY BE INVISIBLE, BUT THE
GHOSTLY FINGERS OF ITS GRAVITY LEAVE BEHIND
FINGERPRINTS. SOME STARS FORM IN PAIRS, CALLED
BINARY SYSTEMS, WHERE THE STARS ORBIT EACH OTHER.
EVEN IF ONE OF THEM BECOMES A BLACK HOLE, THEY
MAY REMAIN IN ORBIT AROUND EACH OTHER.
ONLY A FEW BINARY SYSTEMS HAVE BLACK HOLES,
THOUGH, SO YOU HAVE TO KNOW WHICH BINARIES TO
OBSERVE. FORTUNATELY, ASTRONOMERS HAVE
DISCOVERED A SIGNPOST THAT POINTS THE WAY TO
BLACK HOLES: X-RAYS.
26. IF A BLACK HOLE IS “EATING” MATTER FROM A COMPANION STAR,
THAT MATTER GETS VERY HOT AND EMITS X-RAYS. THIS IS LIKE A
SIGNATURE IDENTIFYING THE SOURCE AS A BLACK HOLE. IN FACT,
BLACK HOLES ARE SO GOOD AT EMITTING X-RAYS THAT MANY
THOUSANDS CAN BE SPOTTED THIS WAY.
27.
28.
29.
30. Black holes are everywhere! As far as
astronomers can tell, there are probably
millions of black holes in our Milky Way Galaxy
alone. That may sound like a lot, but the
nearest one discovered is still 1600 light years
away— a pretty fair distance, about 16
quadrillion kilometers! That’s certainly too far
away to affect us. The giant black hole in the
center of the Galaxy is even farther away: at a
distance of 30,000 light years.
31. NO THERE IS NO WORMHOLE IN THE SINGULARITY
OF BLACK HOLE BECAUSE THE WORMHOLE IS
HIGHLY UNSTABLE TO EXSIST.
32. THE ENERGETIC X-RAY IMAGING SURVEY TELESCOPE (EXIST) IS A
PROPOSED NASA SATELLITE THAT WILL LOOK AT THE ENERGETIC
X-RAYS EMITTED FROM BLACK HOLES AND OTHER EXOTIC
ASTRONOMICAL OBJECTS. IT IS A STRONG CANDIDATE TO BE THE
BLACK HOLE FINDER PROBE, ONE OF THE THREE “EINSTEIN
PROBES” IN NASA’S BEYOND EINSTEIN PROGRAM. EXIST COULD BE
LAUNCHED EARLY IN THE NEXT DECADE, AND, WITH UNPARALLELED
SENSITIVITY, WILL BE USED TO STUDY BLACK HOLES OF ALL SIZES.
33. THERE ARE
PROBABLY MILLIONS OF
STELLAR-MASS BLACK HOLES IN
OUR OWN MILKY WAY GALAXY, BUT
ONLY ONE SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE,
RIGHT IN THE CENTER, TIPPING THE COSMIC
SCALES AT 4 MILLION TIMES THE MASS OF THE
SUN CALLED SAGITTARIO. BUT DON’T WORRY —
AT NEARLY
30,000 LIGHT YEARS AWAY, IT’S TOO
FAR AWAY FOR US TO FALL INTO IT.
34. THE BIRTH OF A STELLAR-
MASS BLACK
HOLE PRODUCES A FLASH
OF RADIATION
SO BRIGHT IT CAN
OUTSHINE ENTIRE
GALAXIES, AND BE SEEN
CLEAR ACROSS
THE OBSERVABLE
UNIVERSE!
35.
36. MANY GLAXIES ARE FROMED BY BLACK HOLE.
WHEN A SUPER MASSIVE BLACK HOLE
ATTRACTS MANY STAR AND OTHER MATTER .
THEY FROM A CLUSTER OF STARS , PLANETS
ETC.
AND CLUSTER OF STAR IS KNOWN AS
GALAXIES.
37. From “Lumps” in
the early universe
Collapse of a
whole star cluster
52. Time dilation- Just as a clock
runs a bit slower closer to sea
level than up on a space station,
clock run really slow near black
holes which all has to do with
gravity.
61. IN SOME PLACES WHERE POINT SOURCES OF
RADIO WAVES WERE FOUND, NO VISIBLE
SOURCE OTHER THAN A STELLAR-LOOKING
OBJECT WAS FOUND (IT LOOKED LIKE A
POINT OF LIKE --- LIKE A STAR DOES). THESE
OBJECTS WERE CALLED THE "QAUSI-STELLAR
RADIO SOURCES", OR "QUASARS" FOR
SHORT.
LATER, IT WAS FOUND THESE SOURCES
COULD NOT BE STARS IN OUR GALAXY, BUT
MUST BE VERY FAR AWAY --- AS FAR AS ANY
OF THE DISTANT GALAXIES SEEN. WE NOW
THINK THESE OBJECTS ARE THE VERY BRIGHT
CENTERS OF SOME DISTANT GALAXIES,
WHERE SOME SORT OF ENERGETIC ACTION IS
OCCURRING.
