This document discusses hemodynamic disorders and their classification. It defines hemodynamics as the forces the heart generates to circulate blood through the cardiovascular system. Edema is swelling caused by excess fluid in the tissues, and can be generalized or localized, pitting or non-pitting, and caused by transudate or exudate. Edema becomes evident when interstitial fluid increases by 1.5 to 2 liters. Hyperemia refers to increased blood volume in tissues and can be active/arterial from exercise or inflammation, while congestion is impaired venous flow from conditions like heart failure or obstruction. Hemorrhage is blood loss either internally or externally through physical trauma, injuries, or blood clot