Chemistry notes on mixtures and solutions

1. Chemistry 3:
Mixtures & Solutions
ppt. by Robin D. Seamon
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3. Pure Substance: all of the particles are the same
Element: all the atoms are the same
• Lots of the same atom
Compound: elements are the same and chemically
combined- in a repeating pattern
• Lots of the same molecule
mixture
Can be
physically
separated
compound
Chemically
bound
element
Chemically
bound
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5. S T I C K I N G T O G E T H E R :
• Cohesion- force that holds molecules of a
material together
• Adhesion- force that holds different substances
together
Water drop and
water drop
Water drop and
paper
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6. D I S S O L V I N G
• Water is a solvent- it dissolves solutes of solids,
liquids & gases
• Solute- substance that dissolves
• Solution- mixture of solvent and solute
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_
solution.html
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7. W A T E R
• universal solvent- most substances will dissolve
in it
WHY?
• Polar- have two areas that have opposite
charges
negative near the oxygen
b/c of unshared electrons
positive near hydrogens
fully shared electrons
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8. S O L U T I O N S
Solubility: ability of a solute to dissolve in a
solvent at a certain temperature
-Looks like a single substance; particles spread
out evenly until the point of saturation
• Concentration: amount of solute dissolved in
a solvent
• Dilute: less solute
• Concentrated: lots of solute
• Saturation: no more solute can be dissolved
in the solvent
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9. Borax snowflakes or Rock candy 9

10. M I X T U R E S
Combination of two or more substances that are
NOT chemically combined
• No chemical change
• Can be separated
1. Filter: use a sieve to separate liquid from
larger particles
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11. 2. Evaporation: heat water; water
evaporates, solute remains in the container
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12. 3. Distillation: separates based upon boiling
points (crude oil into gasoline & kerosene)
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13. 4. Magnet: separates iron & aluminum
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14. 5. Centrifuge: spinning machine separates
parts of blood
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15. S U S P E N S I O N S
Suspension-
Mixture in which particles of a material are
dispersed throughout a liquid or gas but are large
enough that they settle out
muddy water 15

16. C O L L O I D
Colloid-
mixture in which particles are dispersed
throughout but are not heavy enough to settle
out
milk, mayonaise, gelatin, whipped cream
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17. Pure
Substance
Element Compound
Mixture
Homogeneous
Mixture
Heterogeneous
Mixture
Carbon C
Oxygen O
Salt NaCl
Sugar C H O
Water H O2
2
2 12 22 11 Solution Alloy
Saltwater
NaCl + H O
Brass Cu + Zn
Bronze Cu + Sn
Steel Fe + C
Salad
Conglomerate
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
2
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21. HEADER:REVIEW:Element,Compound,orMixture
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