Wikileaks, the Arab Spring, and the Occupy movement have made the need for user-controlled digital technologies clear, as activists have used the Internet and mobile phones to organise and to communicate with each other and with potential supporters. The consequences of failures in these systems, particularly security breaches, can be extreme: activists may face fines, jail time, or even death. Free and open source software (FOSS) provides one potential solution to these problems, as it is focused on users' needs. FOSS communities also already overlap significantly with many other activist communities, and are working to develop cross-movement connections as well as useful tools. However, many FOSS communities, and particularly those defined by a commitment to open source, rather than than free, software, are reluctant to take overt political stands. Similarly, many activists on both the left and the right have an aversion to digital technologies for both ideological and practical reasons. This means that there are frequently significant barriers to increasing the links between FOSS and progressive political movements. This presentation explores the connections between FOSS communities and the broader activist landscape. It looks at the politics of FOSS, the ways in which global movements and FOSS communities are building links, and the potential benefits of actively seeking cross-fertilisation of ideas and politics between FOSS and progressive movements.

1. Free and Open Source Software
and Activism
Dr. Sky Croeser
Curtin University
Bluestocking Institute
@scroeser
http://skycroeser.net

2. Introduction
● Part One: in which the narrator makes
apologies in advance; a field guide to spotting
'activists'; activists' needs are briefly outlined;
we hear tales of woe.
● Part Two: in which we discuss relations
between FOSS communities and activists and
many broad generalisations are made; in
which a not-entirely uncritical eye is turned on
each community.
● Part Three: in which some tentative
suggestions are offered, with further caveats.

3. Caveats and limitations
● Technical details wrong? Let me know! (During
the question session, or afterwards.)
● There's be some very broad brush-strokes
here. Talk to me later for fine detail.

4. Who am I talking about?
● 'Likeable' movements.
● Looser organisational forms that tend towards
horizontal power structures.
● Activists open to a diversity of tactics.
● Those calling for structural change.

5. What do activists need?
● Secure communications: internally (day-to-day
and on the ground during actions), and for
outreach.
● Secure data storage.
● Word processing, media, and design software.
● Software that suits their organisational forms.

6. Security: not just a problem 'over
there'.
● US: extensive surveillance of
Occupy, among other groups.
● Australia: reports that anti-coal
activists are under surveillance
(unconfirmed); surveillance at
events like 2012's anti-uranium
Lizard's Revenge action.
● New Zealand: 'anti-terrorist' raids
in 2007 after twelve months of
surveillance.

7. Tales of woe: Haystack, 2009
Ed Felten, BBC News: "One implication of
closing the project is that you are stuck with the
expertise in the group. If you get something
wrong, it is difficult to tell."

8. Tales of woe: Skype
● Initially developed with a relatively secure architecture, and
considered to be safe by activists throughout the 2000s.
● 2006: admitted to filtering keywords from IM conversations
in China.
● 2008: reports of surveillance by Chinese government.
● 2010: reports of spyware distributed through Skype contact
lists (Libya), reports that Egyptian police were listening to
Skype conversations.
● 2013: calls for more transparency from Skype on privacy
policy.

9. Tales of woe: viruses targeting anti-
China activists
● 2012: reports of a Trojan targeting Tibetan
activists.
● 2012: reports of a Mac- and Windows-based
Trojan targeting Uyghur activists.

10. Everyday hassles
● Non-targeted viruses, financial costs, lack of
support and training.

11. Ideological awkwardness

12. Connections
Vandana Shiva: FOSS is “a way of spreading
prosperity and knowledge in society' in the
same way as saving and swapping seeds.”
Organisations are emerging to provide FOSS
support, including Janastu (Bangalore),
Tactical Technology Collective, and Riseup.

13. Occupy
According to Justine Tunney, who continues to
help run OccupyWallSt.org, “There is leadership
in the sense of deference, just as people defer to
Linus Torvalds. But the moment people stop
respecting Torvalds, they can fork it”
- Schwartz, M. (2011, Nov 28).
Pre-Occupied. The New Yorker.

14. The politics of FOSS: Open Source
Perhaps in the end the open-source culture will
triumph not because cooperation is morally right or
software “hoarding” is morally wrong (assuming
you believe the latter, which neither Linus
[Torvalds] nor I do), but simply because the closed-
source world cannot win an evolutionary arms race
with open-source communities that can put orders
of magnitude more skilled time into a problem.
- Eric Raymond

15. The politics of FOSS: Free as in
freedom
The word “free” is ... about a way of life. The
folks who write the code throw around the word
in much the same way the Founding Fathers of
the United States used it. To many of them, the
free software revolution was also conceived in
liberty and dedicated to certain principles like the
fact that all men and women have certain
inalienable rights to change, modify, and do
whatever they please with their software in the
pursuit of happiness.
- Peter Wayner (2000), Free for all, p. 78

16. Some tentative suggestions
● Acknowledge and confront structural inequality
with awesome steps like Codes of Conduct
and childcare provision.
● Accept that FOSS is political.
● Make connections that go both ways.
● Don't believe everything you see on the news.