The document provides an overview of the ancient Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta between 700-338 BCE. It describes the basic structures and governments of the polis system, and highlights some key differences in Spartan and Athenian society, politics, and military training. Sparta was a strictly disciplined military state where males lived communally and underwent rigorous training from a young age. Athenian democracy developed after reforms eliminated the aristocracy and monarchy.