A carbamate is an organic compound derived from carbamic acid (NH2COOH). A carbamate group, carbamate ester (e.g., ethyl carbamate), and carbamic acids are functional groups that are inter-related structurally and often are interconverted chemically.

1. Pesticide formulation & available
form of organo -chlorinate ,
carbamate & carbaryl
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Topic

2. Pesticide Formulation
 A pesticide, Sole Active ingredient and Sole
Inert ingredient are almost useless, to make a
pesticide both are mixed in specific ratio
,which is called Pesticide Formulation.
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3. Types of Pesticide formulation
Pesticide formulation
Other liquid
formulations
Liquid
formulation
Solid
Formulation
s
Dusts
Granule
Wettable powder
Pellets
Microencapsulates
Emulsifiable Concentrates
Dry Flowables Liquid Flowables
Soluble Powders
Solutions
Miscellaneous Liquid
Formulations
Aerosols and
Fumigants
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4. Solid formulation
 Dusts-
Dusts are manufactured by the
sorption of an active ingredient onto a
finely-ground , solid inert such as
talc, clay, or chalk.
 Granules -
A small particle; especially : one of
numerous particles forming that the
active ingredient is sorbed onto a larger
particle. The inert solid may be clay,
sand, or plant materials.
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Granules
Dusts

5.  Pellets
Pellets are very similar to granules,
but their manufacture is different.
The active ingredient is combined
with inert materials to form a thick
liquid mixture.
 Wettable Powders
Wettable powder concentrates are
pesticide powders that are added to water
to create an pesticide solution.
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Pellets
Wettable powder
before mixing
Wettable powder after
mixing

6.  Soluble Powders
Soluble powders are similar to wettable powders with
the on major different; all of the ingredients in the
formulation are totally water soluble at the use rate.
They are applied as solutions in water.
6Soluble powder before
mixing with water
Soluble powder after mixing

7. Liquid Formation
 Liquid Flowables
The manufacture of liquid flowables
mirrors that of wettable powders—with
the exception that the powder, dispersing
agents, wetting agents, etc., are mixed
with water before packaging.
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Liquid flowable before mixing
Liquid flowable after mixing

8.  Solutions
Solutions (water-soluble concentrates) consist
of water-soluble active ingredients dissolved
in water, for sale to the applicator for further
dilution prior to field application.
 Emulsifiable Concentrates
Emulsifiable concentrate formulations are
a blend of active ingredient, organic
solvent, and surfactants.. Emulsifiable
concentrates are mixed with water and
applied as a spray.
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Emulsifiable
concentrate
before mixing
Emulsifiable concentrate
before mixing

9. Other liquid formulations
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Aerosols - Aerosols really refer to a delivery system that moves
the activeingredient to the target site in the form of a mist of very
small particles: solids or liquid drops.
 Any volatile, poisonous substance used to kill
insects, nematodes, and other animals or plants that damage
stored foods or seeds, human dwellings, clothing, and nursery
stock.
Fumigants

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A carbamate is an organic compound derived
from carbamic acid (NH2COOH). A carbamate group,
carbamate ester (e.g., ethyl carbamate), and carbamic
acids are functional groups that are inter related
structurally and often are interconverted chemically.
Carbamate esters are also called urethanes.
Carbamate

11. Chemical structure of carbamates
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12. Carbaryl
 Carbaryl (N-methyl-1-naphthyl carbamate;
Sevin) is a carbamate insecticide that is widely
used, resulting in exposure during its use as
well as via consumption of treated food. It is
not metabolized to an active intermediate, the
parent compound itself is thought to be the
active agent.
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13. Chemical Description
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 The chemical name of carbaryl is 1-napthyl
methylcarbamate., carbaryl is synthesized
through treating methyl isocyanate with 1-
napthol. The resulting product is a solid,
usually colorless crystal that is odorless and
soluble in water .

14. An organo-chlorinated is an organic compound containing
at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine that has an
effect on the chemical behavior of the molecule.
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Organo-chlorinated
Chemical Structure:

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