This document discusses human cloning and its various types. There are two main types of cloning: therapeutic cloning, which uses stem cells for medical research purposes by cloning embryos and collecting stem cells, and reproductive cloning, which would clone entire humans by transferring cloned embryo into a uterus. Therapeutic cloning is more accepted but still controversial due to the embryo destruction. Reproductive cloning is deemed unethical as it would create human life solely as an organ donor. The document also notes debates around the ethics of human cloning.

2. Introduction
Human cloning is the
creation of a genetically
identical human being,
human cell or human
tissue.

3. Cloning
Cloning produces cells
that are genetically
similar to each other
(have the same DNA).
This prevents an organ
(or cells) made through
cloning from being
rejected.

4. Types of Cloning
There are two types of cloning:
1) Therapeutic cloning is the use of (stem) cells for
medicinal or research purposes.
2)Reproductive cloning would be using (stem) cells to
create cloned humans.

5. Types of Cloning

6. Therapeutic Cloning
Nucleus of an egg cell
is replaced with the
nucleus of a body cell.
2. Egg cell is stimulated
with electricity.
3. Embryo grows.
4. Embryo stem cells are
collected and used to
treat the donor.
1.

7. Problems with Therapeutic Cloning
Therapeutic cloning creates embryos and then destroys
them for stem cells, which is morally wrong to some.

8. Reproductive Cloning
Nucleus of an egg cell
is replaced with the
nucleus of a body cell.
2. Egg cell is stimulated
with electricity.
3. Embryo is put into a
uterus and allowed to
grow and be born.
4. The baby is an exact
genetic copy of the
donor!
1.

9. Problems with Reproductive
Cloning
Reproductive cloning is
deemed morally wrong
because it is creating a
human life just to be a
walking organ donor for
the person after whom
they were created.

10. Human Cloning
Human cloning has
sparked debate within
the scientific community
since the 1960s.
Lots of movies have
been made concerning
the ethics of human
cloning (Sleeper, The
Boys from Brazil,
Multiplicity…).

11. Pro-Reproductive Cloning
Severino Antinori and Panos Zavos hope to create a
fertility treatment that allows parents who are both
infertile to have children with at least some of their DNA
in their offspring.
Some scientists, including Dr. Richard Seed, suggest that
human cloning might prevent the human aging process.
In Aubrey de Gray's proposed SENS (Strategies for
Engineered Negligible Senescence), one of the considered
options to repair the cell depletion related to cellular
senescence is to grow replacement tissues from stem cells
harvested from a cloned embryo.

12. Anti-Reproductive Cloning
Opponents of human cloning argue that the process
will likely lead to severely disabled children.
Bioethicist Thomas Murray of the Hastings Centre
argues that "it is absolutely inevitable that groups are
going to try to clone a human being. But they are
going to create a lot of dead and dying babies along
the way.”
Due to the difficulty of cloning any living animal, it is
likely that there would be a great number of failures
in the creation of a living human clone, such as clones
without viable immune systems or other gross genetic
failures.

13. More Cloning?
A third type of cloning called
replacement cloning is a
theoretical possibility, and
would be a combination of
therapeutic and reproductive
cloning.
Replacement cloning would
entail the replacement of an
extensively damaged, failed,
or failing body through
cloning followed by whole or
partial brain transplant.
Never been attempted… that
we know of.