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Potato & climate change
- 1. Comparison between Potato cultivarsComparison between Potato cultivars & Abiotic stress genes& Abiotic stress genes Comparison between Potato cultivarsComparison between Potato cultivars & Abiotic stress genes& Abiotic stress genes Supervisor:Supervisor: Dr. Mohamed ElseehyDr. Mohamed Elseehy Presenter:Presenter: Sara F. ShaheenSara F. Shaheen Sara.fkrey@hotmail.com
- 2. • Potato production is one of the main agricultural activities worldwide for both economic and social reasons. • The total world potato production in 2012 reached was 364 million ton (FAOSTAT 2014). • Potato production in Africa has been exponentially13 million tons in 2000 expanding reaching30 million tons in 2014 (FAOSTAT2016). Potato production share by region Average 2000 - 2014 Source: http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QC/E
- 3. • Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the most important export vegetable crop in Egypt and the second most important vegetable crop after tomato in economic value. (El-Tobgy, 1974). • Egypt is one of the top 20 producers of potato worldwide and the largest producer and exporter of potatoes in Africa.
- 4. South Africa South Africa South Africa 1,934,492 tones Kenya Kenya 1,948,326 tones EGYPTEGYPT 3,167,7473,167,747 tonestones Algeria 2,591,873 tones Morocco 1,496,290 tones
- 6. • In 2014, Egypt potato production was 4,8 million ton (FAOSTAT). Including 637,434 ton for exportation a market value of 250 million USD • About 20% of total area devoted for vegetable production is cultivated with potato in Egypt. (FAOSTAT 2007). • More than 105 thousand ha are dedicated for potato production (FAOSTAT 2007).
- 7. Growth rate calculated based on the Least-Squares method Source: http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QC/E
- 8. Production of Potato in Egypt 2000-2014 Yield of Potato in Egypt 2000-2014 Source: http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QC/E
- 9. Source: https://www.sasa.gov.uk/seed-ware-potatoes/potato-exports Egypt achieved positive results in improving quality seed potato through the implementation of the rules and regulations of:
- 10. Climate change & PotatoClimate change & Potato • potato cultivation is facing several challenges to maintain and improve production. like highly sensitive to the projected climate changes Source: http://cipotato.org/press-room/blog/el-ninos-effects-in-asia-point-to- new-tactics-to-adapt-to-climate-change/
- 12. Temperature Quiroz et al., 2011 Effects of Temperature on PotatoEffects of Temperature on Potato
- 13. Wet and Dry Days Changes 1880:2080Wet and Dry Days Changes 1880:2080 Quiroz et al., 2011
- 14. Extreme Event Changes 1880:2080Extreme Event Changes 1880:2080 Quiroz et al., 2011
- 15. • Abiotic stress is the primary cause of crop loss worldwide. • It was estimated that approximately 70 % of yield reduction was due to abiotic stress ( Acquaah, 2007) • The estimated potential yield losses are 17 % due to drought, 20 % due to salinity, 40 % due to high temperature, 15 % due to low temperature and 8 % due to other stress ( Ashraf et al., 2008) Plant ABIOTIC stressPlant ABIOTIC stress
- 17. StressStress ConsequencesConsequences Plant ResponsesPlant Responses Heat stress • High temperature lead to high evaporation and water deficit. • reduce tuber initiation • reducing potato growth • reduces root, stolon, tuber and total DM and total tuber number • Efficient protein repair systems and general protein stability support survival • temperature can lead to acclimation. Chilling & cold stress • Biochemical reactions proceed at slower rate like photosyntesis proceeds • Indeed, freezing lead to ice crystal formation that can damage cells membranes. • Stop of growth in adaptable species may be overcome by changes in metabolism. Drought • Inability to water transport to leaves leads to photosyntesis declines. • Leaf rolling and other morphological adaptations. • Stoma closure reduces evaporative transpiration induced by ABA. • consequently lower internal water potential and water attracting. Source: Loredana et al., 2011
- 19. Stress resistance mechanisms 1. Avoidance mechanisms – Prevents coverage to stress 2. Tolerance mechanisms – Produce the plant to resist stress 3. Acclimation – Modify their physiology in response stress
- 20. Ahuja et al., 2010
- 21. Genes linked to more than one abiotic stresses Ahuja et al., 2010
- 22. “TPS1 Gene” trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene “TPS1 Gene” trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene
- 24. Aim of the work:Aim of the work:
- 26. Methodology:Methodology: 1.Conducting the survey • A survey will be developed based on export quality specifications to collect data from Potato Farms about potato varieties planted in these farms and the varieties' characters. • In addition, Samples will be collected from Potato Farms for each Variety.
- 27. 2. Comparison between varieties • Genomic DNA will be extracted • Then Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR will be done using an Specific primers with genomic DNA (gDNA) as it’s template of Abiotic stress resistance gene. • Use of agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR amplification products • Data analysis.
- 28. 3. Comparison between Results from PCR and Survey Data • Which cultivar has Abiotic stress resistance gene as well as export quality specifications
- 29. Abiotic stress tolerance isAbiotic stress tolerance is complex!!complex!!