The rise of the semantic web

1. Having computers understand things more
like human beings do

2. The current Web represents information using
-natural language (English,Hungarian,Chinese).
-graphics,multimedia, page layout.
 Humans can process this easily
- can deduce facts from partial information.
- can create mental association.
- are used to various sensory information.

3. Tasks often require to combine data on the Web.
- Hotel and Travel information may come from different
websites.
- searches in different digital libraries.
Humans can combine these information easily.
- even if different terminologies are used.
However , machines are ignorant.
- partial information is unusable.
- difficult to make sense from, e.g ,an image.
- difficult to combine information automatically.

4. Semantic Web - coined by Tim
Berners-Lee
 inventor of WWW, URI, HTTP, HTML and Semantic
Web.
 “ a web of data that can be processed directly and
indirectly by machines . “
 to access the Web more intelligently and perform
tasks on behalf of users .
 evolution of the current Web by enabling users to
find, share, and combine information more easily .

5. Why not just google ?
Currently, users search for data on the Web by asking
questions that are of the form : “which documents
contain these words and phrases ”
The Semantic Web will involve more related questions ,
relationships, and trust .
Instead of word matching the web will be able to show
related items showing new relationships.

6. Semantic links

7. Web of Data

8. Architecture of Semantic Web

9. RDF (Resource Desciption
Framework)
RDF is the foundation of the semantic web .
RDF = a simple conceptual data model (GRAPH).
RDF model = set of RDF triples .
(subject, verb, object).
A Sentence
Jane sells books.
subject
predicate
object

10. RDF - Resource
Resource is anything that has identity (URI).
-Jane, Book.
 (a govt agency, a human , an abstract concept)
RDF – Description
 several statements describing the resource.
RDF – Framework
It is needed to enable humans and machines to make
and understand statements .
- Natural languages like English.

11. Human brain uses logic
Mary is a mother.
A mother is a parent.
Therefore, Mary must be a parent.
ONTOLOGY
Precise explanation of terms and reasoning in a subject
area.
- Computers can act as if they understand the
information they are handling.
The facts stored in the semantic web will change over
time as the true state of world changes.