Disaster Mitigation and preparedness Project evaluation - Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy and team

2. KHAMMAM DISASTER MITIGATION
AND PREPAREDNESS PROJECT
EVALUATION REPORT
APRIL 2008

3. CONTENTS
ACCRONYMNS .................................................................................................................. 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMERY ................................................................................................... 6
1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 6
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE EVALUATION ....................................................................... 8
3. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 8
4. GODAVARI RIVER AND FLOODS............................................................................ 9
5. DMPP PROCESS........................................................................................................ 11
5.1 Selection of Project area: ..................................................................................... 11
5.2 Base line Survey .................................................................................................. 11
5.3 Participatory Analysis of Disaster Risk ................................................................ 11
5.4 Formation and strengthening of DMC and DMS .................................................. 11
5.5 Formation and strengthening of the Task Force.................................................... 14
5.6 Appropriate Disaster Mitigation Structures .......................................................... 14
5.7 Village Disaster Contingency Plan ....................................................................... 14
5.8 Formation of Vulnerability Reduction Fund ......................................................... 14
5.9 Sustainability ....................................................................................................... 14
6. DATA ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 22
7. FACTORS AND IMPACTS........................................................................................ 28
8. POLICY AND PROGRAMME ................................................................................... 34
9. CASE STUDIES ......................................................................................................... 35
10. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................... 40

4. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Rev. Dino L. Touthang Executive Director, EFICOR
Mr. Sanjeev Kumar Bhanja Director - Programmes Department, EFICOR
Mr. Ramesh Babu Officiating Manager - Direct Projects, EFICOR
Community and all the other stakeholders
EVALUATION TEAM
1. Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
Team leader, External Evaluator - CEO, GEO http://e-geo.org
2. Mr. Harshan K.Y
Team Member, Program Coordinator- HIV project EFICOR
3. Mr. Eshwar Rao
Team Member, Partner organization, IEM
4. Mr. Daich K. Madhvi
Team Member, Project Incharge- Koya IDP, EFICOR
5. Kunja Tirupathi Rao, D. Praveen Kumar, Gaddam Adaamu
Disaster management Society representing the Community
6. Mr. Ramesh Babu
Facilitator, Manager- Direct Projects, EFICOR

5. ACCRONYMNS
AP - Andhra Pradesh
CBDP – Community Based Disaster Preparedness.
CBO - Community-based Organization
DMC – Disaster Management Committee
DMPP - Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness Project
DMS - Disaster Management Society
EFICOR – Evangelical Fellowship of the Indian Commission on Relief www.eficor.org
GoAP - Government of Andhra Pradesh
GP - Gram Panchayat
ITDA - Integrated Tribal Development Agency
NGO - Non-Governmental Organization
NTFP - Non-Timber Forest Product
PADR - Participatory Analysis of Disaster Risk:
PRA - Participatory Rural Appraisal
SC/ST - Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe
SHG - Self-help Group
VDC - Village Development Committee
VRF – Vulnerability Reduction Fund.

6. EXECUTIVE SUMMERY
Evaluating helps to assess how well the DMPP was implemented and areas for
improvement. It is about asking what has happened and why - what is and what is not
working. It is about using evaluation to learn more about an organisation's activities, and
then using what has been learnt. Using evaluation to learn more about an organisation's
activities, and then using what has been learnt to demonstrate achievements.
DMPP Goal is to reduce vulnerability among the communities in Khammam district of
Andhra Pradesh. EFICOR has established a Disaster Management Committee (DMC), and
has trained 20 young people as an emergency response task force, responsible for rescue
and evacuation. Vulnerability assessment and contingency planning have been conducted in
each village, and women’s self-help groups and farmers’ groups have been established.
EFICOR has also initiated a number of physical measures. It has installed raised hand
pumps in seven of the habitations, and made provision for repairs by training mechanics and
issuing toolkits. EFICOR has also been involved in testing alternative cropping in the
habitations to help with food security. Each village selected two farmers, who have received
hybrid seeds that are stronger varieties and more resistant to pests (which are more
common during flood periods and heavy rains). They have also provided diesel powered
irrigation pumps to two habitations, benefiting approximately 35 farmers. These are intended
to extend the duration of the cultivation period. EFICOR has also facilitated tree planting.
Formation of Disaster contingency plans in the 9 habitations (authorized by the local
Panchayats), Capacity building of 30 members of the partner agency, IEM in dealing with
natural disasters
The project purpose is to ensure that the Disaster Mitigation Project implemented for the
past five years in the Khammam district of Andhra Pradesh is sustained through the
ownership and continued efforts of the community.
The following are the major outputs of the project; DMC in each project habitation is formed
and strengthened to address the vulnerability of the community to disasters; The 9 DMCs
networked into DMS; All the DMS members understand the purpose, roles, responsibility
and management of the DMS.
For post project sustainability the DMS is linked with the local partner agency IEM, who will
monitor and offer consultancy to the DMC and the DMS; The DMS after the project exit
period, has an active network with the government for tapping available resources (training,
finance, etc.) related to disaster management.
The successful implementation of DMPP and the learning’s need to be well documented and
the experience should be scaled up to facilitate other disaster prone areas in India and else
where.
1. INTRODUCTION
Disaster Response, Preparedness and Mitigation Programme In EFICOR is for alleviating
people affected by disaster from pain and loss, giving them a hope for the future and assist
them in rebuilding their lives is the focus of disaster intervention programmes. EFICOR was
involved in major disasters of the country and in about 10 – 15 minor disasters each
year. Community based disaster preparedness programmes are organized in selected

7. disaster prone areas, to train the people to respond immediately and appropriately so as to
minimize the damage when a disaster strikes.
Khammam Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness Project is an innovative project of
EFICOR. Khammam DMPP was implemented to help the vulnerable communities in 9 flood
prone habitations covering 5600 people living along Godavari River, located in
Bhadrachalam, Dummegudem and Kunavaram Mandals, Khammam District, Andhra
Pradesh State, in developing a Comprehensive Flood Management Plan to enable them to
respond effectively at disaster situations.
MAP 1 Khammam DMPP implementation area

8. The purpose of the evaluation is to assess the impact of EFICOR’s intervention from
January 2003 to March 2008 and documentation of various learning’s from the past
intervention for future reference and replication.
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE EVALUATION
• To identify, from a broad cross section of beneficiaries, how DMPP activities have
contributed to lasting improvement in a communities ability to prepare for, respond to
and recover from natural hazards focusing on Floods.
• To analyze what changes have occurred in the community towards their livelihood after
implementing various activities like early crops etc. and
• To find out the capacity of DMS (Disaster Management Society) which was formed by
EFICOR to networking among the DMC’s and with the government
3. METHODOLOGY
For the evaluation the information collected is quantitative, qualitative and descriptive for
covering the following broad aspects:
1. Study of the processes and achievements during implementation
2. Experiences of the people at various levels involved in the DMPP.
3. Learning’s from the studies conducted earlier.
4. A sample of 6 habitations (5 DMPP habitations and 1 control village) were visited for
primary data.
Preparation for evaluation study: Desk Research, literature review, preparation of
questionnaires
Primary Data: Information is collected from primary stakeholders using structured formats,
Focused group discussions, Interviews with all stakeholders, case studies collected from
primary stakeholders, Meeting with the staff.
Secondary data analysis: Baseline information, existing reports, DMC records, SHG
registers, financial statement and proposal.
Table 1 Source of information on the aspects
S.No Aspects of study Source of information
1 Institutions
Key persons in the village
Small group (mixed)
Verification in larger group
2 Community Participation Small group (mixed)
3 DMC Watershed committee members / WDT/ other members
Small group (mixed)
Watershed records

9. 4 Women Representation from SHGs
Samakhya (village level)
5 Health and Education Representation from SHGs
Anganwadi worker
ANM
6 Poverty Representation from SHGs
Identified poor
7 Water Resources Mixed group (men, women, landless, aged etc
8 Agriculture Same as above
9 CPR Same as above
10 Timeline Same as above
11 Social Capital Larger group
4. GODAVARI RIVER AND FLOODS
The river is about 1,450 km (900 miles) long. It rises at Trimbakeshwar, near Nasik and
Mumbai in Maharashtra around 380 km distance from the Arabian Sea, flows southeast
across south-central India into Andhra Pradesh, and empties into the Bay of Bengal.
Photo 1 Godavari river at Bhadrachalam
It is a seasonal river, approximately 80% of its discharge flows into the Bay of Bengal during
the monsoons between July and October. After Bhadrachalam the river enters a gorge in the
Eastern Ghats, a mountain range and becomes very narrow.
Flooding is a prevalent problem along Godavari, and affects the area most years during the
rainy season (June to August). Normal floods last three to four days, but the most severe
recorded flood, in 1986, lasted for 20 days. Water enters the low lying areas at the first
warning level itself. Hence a flood bank was constructed along the bank to prevent flooding

10. of the town. One of the reasons for occurrence of floods in this part of the river is attributed
to heavy rainfall that occurs in the southwestern sector of the monsoon depressions due to
strong convergence in that sector. By examining the rainfall distribution associated with the
monsoon disturbances (lows and depressions) in Godavari river basin. When the
disturbance-centre is away from the basin, heavy rainfall may also occur in the basin area
close to the confluence line and cause severe floods in the river. The confluence line is the
zone of convergence between the northeasterlies to the west of the disturbance centre and
the monsoon westerlies. (G. Nageswara Rao, 2001)

11. 5. DMPP PROCESS
Selection of Project area:
A vulnerability assessment has been conducted in the target habitations. Finally 9
habitations were selected for the project, covering parts of 3 Mandals, in Khammam District.
The habitations have been selected considering its vulnerability to disaster and economical
backwardness.
Base line Survey
A disaster loss survey format was prepared in the local language and survey was conducted
in 9 habitations to collect the basic information for the implementation of DMPP. A master
sheet was prepared for incorporating detailed information in contingency planning. PADR
tool was developed and used to get the details on capacity building and vulnerability in the
areas of social, human, natural, physical, environmental and spiritual aspects of the
community, and to design the program in an holistic approach. Also developed and tested
standardized tools for need assessment with assistance of external experts.
The following PRA techniques were adopted to find out the vulnerability and capacity of the
community.
Participatory Analysis of Disaster Risk
As a part of situational analysis, Participatory Rural Appraisal conducted in all project
habitations and findings were cross checked with the community for the preparation of
village contingency plan and syllabus for Task Force training. EFICOR team members
organized this exercise.
Following PRA Exercise was conducted for situational analysis.
• Social Mapping
• Resource Mapping
• Seasonal Analysis
• Transect Walk
• Venn Diagram(institutional mapping)
• Time Line
Formation and strengthening of DMC and DMS
Disaster Management Committee (DMC): A 7 member committee was selected by the
community in 9 habitations. The committee consists of 3 female and 4 male members. For
the monitoring, motivation and implementation of the program, these committee members
were given the first phase training on the following topics.
• Introduction to EFICOR
• Purpose and process of Disaster Preparedness
• Committee and its Role
• Role of Disaster Management Committee
• Purpose of PADR activities
• Committee members as a leader
• Task Force and its functions
• Future Plan
• Working with the government
Teaching Method – Participation and Group Discussion

12. Role of DMC: EFICOR formed the Disaster Management Committee (DMC) in each target
habitation. The DMC has takenup the ownership of community assets (raised borewells,
pump sets, etc.). The Village level DMC's were attached to a single management structure,
called Disaster Management Society. Core members of the Federation were provided
necessary training and exposure for managing the future disasters. This federation is also
tapping government resources and managing their own programmes. Each DMC in
consultation with DMS is mobilizing the available resources from the Govt. and other
sources during the time of disaster occurrence. In each DMC at least 2 to 3 women
members were nominated.
DMC also ensures the consistency of Task force s, periodic mock drill exercises that are to
be performed in the habitations in every quarter. DMC also makes sure that there is a review
and updation of Task Force and DMC in every 3 years, for active participation from all levels
in the habitations.

13. The Disaster Management Bill, 2005
Disaster Management Act, 2005
The National Disaster Management Authority
National Disaster Response Force
State Disaster Management Authority
District Disaster Management Authority
MP / MLA
DISTRICT ZP CHAIRPERSON
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
CELL / TASK DISTRICT
FORCE / RELIEF COLLECTOR /
AND JOINT COLLECTOR
SC / ST
RDO / SUB-
IE ITDA CORPOR
ATION
COLLECTOR M
LAW AND
ORDER
ENGINEER
MRO / DM SOCIETY AGRICULTURE
MDO
MPTC / HEALTH
ZPTC
DM DM DM DM
DM DM DM DM
DMC / DMS Organisational
DMCs of each village in the area
Structure
GRAM PANCHAYAT
DM COMMITTEE
TASK FORCE TEAMS CBOs – RYTHU MITHRA
GROUPS, SELF-HELP
GROUPS, ETC.
WARNING RESCUE FIRST SHELTER RELIEF
AID MANAGEMENT

14. Formation and strengthening of the Task Force
Disaster Task Force Selection: 20 volunteers were chosen from the 9 habitations, as Task
Force leaders and they are playing a key role in disaster relief operations. They were given
Training of Trainers (TOT) in the following areas and they have trained the village taskforce
members for Warning, Rescue and Evacuation, First Aid, Shelter Management, Relief and
Rehabilitation, etc.
Role of Task Force: There are five Task force teams formed in each habitation to respond to
any disaster occurance 1) Warning group: Provides early warning to the community through
provided instruments 2) Rescue Group : To ensure all the vulnerable groups of people
evacuated to the safer places based on the warning they receive.3) First Aid Group: First Aid
group will provide emergency first aid to the affected people and further they will take the
victim to the hospital for proper treatment. 4) Shelter management: group will be responsible
for settling all the affected and homeless people in temporary sheds and 5) relief
management team will take the responsibility of accessing relief materials from various
sources and govt. departments. Each group consists of at least 5 to 7 members and detailed
role responsibility has been entrusted to them in order to respond during the time of any
natural calamity.
Appropriate Disaster Mitigation Structures
The local community has identifies their most immediate needs and plans appropriate
structures in their respective habitations through PADR exercise, such as availability of
potable water during the flood and drought. Village level Disaster Management Committee is
primarily responsible for the development of mitigation structures. The structures identified
are like, raised tube wells, water harvesting structures, embankments, evacuation shelters,
escape routes etc., which have been done step by step during project period.
Village Disaster Contingency Plan
In all the target habitations a disaster contingency plan was developed through PADR
exercise. This village contingency plan has been submitted to and linked with the Gram
Panchayat, Mandal and District level Government Contingency Plans through the DMS.
Formation of Vulnerability Reduction Fund
A Vulnerability reduction Fund has been opened by the DMC in order to respond during
emergency situation. This is mainly to meet the immediate need of the community before
getting an external aid / support. DMC with the community consent decided to utilize the
fund for 1. Food aid for the initial stage of disasters, provide loan assistance for the
agriculture purpose and emergency need of the individual families for wedding, medication
etc. They have also fixed the nominal interest for the given amount.
Sustainability
For the sustainability of DMC, DMS linked with local partner IEM . This project would be
sustainable because the community participation, partner agency cooperation and
government support is ensured. The other aspects for sustainability:
1. The Disaster Management Committees (DMC) are strengthened.

15. 2. DMCs are linked to local Gram Panchayats. Local GP president or ward member are
one of the DMC members and are also actively involving in all the DMC activities and
decision making process.
3. IEM support to DMcs for conducting mock drills for the community, monitoring the
work of volunteers and the task force.
4. DMS representing 9 habitations does overall monitoring and ensures the
sustainability of the activities.
5. The maintenance of the new tube-wells is the responsibility of the DMC and each
DMC is having a caretaker, trained in tube well maintenance and equipped with set
of appropriate tools.
6. DMC takes the responsibility of reviewing and updating the contingency plan every
year and links with the Government for support
7. Local resident Volunteers and task force member’s skills and capacities were built
updated and new volunteers would be selected by the DMC.
8. Local federation has been capacitated to advocate with the government to tap the
resources and strengthen the link between the government and the community.
9. DMC has taken the entire responsibility for the maintenance and repair of Irrigation
pump sets, provided to the local farmers with mutually agreed criteria.
10. Networking with Government and other organizations / institutions for sustainability.
11. Provision of one time grant to the Vulnerability Reduction Fund formed by the
existing DMC's for vulnerability reduction activities of the habitations, loan for seeds
of short duration/early variety crops, agricultural equipments and irrigation.
12. Orientation and Motivation of the Community and DMC on the concept of DMS.
13. Formation of DMS (The General Body of the DMS consists of all DMC members and
the 2 volunteers of the Task Force from all the 9 habitations.)
14. Trainings conducted on conceptual understanding of the purpose, roles and
responsibility of the DMS for all DMF members.
15. Trainings conducted on managing the DMS i.e. book keeping accounting, monitoring
of DMC and Task Force activities, linking and networking, understanding and working
out the contingency plan for the Core Committee members within 6 months of the
project.
16. Core Committee members were introduced to the relevant government departments.
17. Invited resource persons from government for information sharing on government
disaster management initiatives and resources.

16. DMPP PROGRAMME EVENTS TIMELINE (2003-08)
2003
• March-June - baseline survey was conducted in 10 project habitations.
• Awareness program was conducted on the concept of CBDP in 10 habitations.
• PADR Assessment in 9 habitations (Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis using PRA tools)
• Training on CBDP for IEM Volunteers and missionaries (4 spell program)
1. Biblical perspective on disaster management.
2. Understanding multi hazards and response.
3. Community based disaster preparedness
4. Role and responsibilities of community based DMC and Task Force.
• Selection of DMC and Task Force teams in 9 habitations.
• Total number of DMC members 9@8 =72 including (40%-50%) women.
• Task force for 5 different groups (Warning, Rescue & Evacuation, First Aid, Shelter Management and Relief
Management). Each group has 20 – 25 members, who are between 15 – 25 years of age.
• DMC training content: Concept of Disasters, Disaster management, CBDP, leadership , Community mobilization,
Govt. shemes and Role of DMC in mitigating disasters etc..
• TASK Force training: Community Based Disaster preparedness, Role and responsibility of task force with various
groups, organizing meetings at the village level, mock drills, community mobilization etc.
• Skills training conducted for DMC and Task Force team in 9 habitations.
• Organized Exposure visits for TASK force team to Kakinada, Rajahmundary, Chirala and Hyderabad.
• Preparation of contingency plan for 9 habitations.
2004
• Village Contingency plan has been prepared and submitted to the DMC at village level and relevant officials at
Mandal and District level.
• Vulnerability Reduction Fund raised by each DMC to respond in emergency.
• 7 high raised bore wells were provided in 7 habitations for drinking water purpose during and after the floods.
• Disaster Management Society (networking body) has been formed represented by 9 habitations and has been
registered as an apex body of DMC.
• 90 farmers were provided with seeds (Paddy-early crops, Chillies, Black gram and cotton) and fertilizers.
• 2 habitations (Sithanagaram and Vinayakapuram) were provided with Irrigation pump set @ Rs. 24000/ each.
• Monthly mock drill exercises were regularly being performed in the project habitations.
• 10 days fire fighting training was provided to the Task Force and certificates were issued by the district Fire
Exchange to the participants.
2005 to 2008
Regular Visits to the habitations
• Training 4 times in each year on disasters and development.
• Taskforce meetings and training programs were conducted.
• Exposure visits for the taskforce members and farmers
• Government intervention or network to access various entitlements like lift irrigation, land development,
loans, agricultural related tools etc.
• Capacity building training programs for DMC.
• Skills training program on tailoring for selected women from the taskforce.
• One high raised borewell in one village for safe drinking water after experiencing 2006 floods.

22. 6. DATA ANALYSIS
DMC - PARTICIPATION AND FUNCTIONING
The participation and functioning in DMC is very good. The community recognizes the
importance of DMC, therefore there is a good participation in all the activities of DMC.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN DMC
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Interest in SHGs Importance of Participation in Participation in Participation in
formtion and DMC DM Committee Federation Gram Sabha
participation activities and activities and
meetings meetings
Index
Aspect Very Low Low Medium High Very High
Weightage 1 2 3 4 5

23. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Index
Aspect
Functioning of
SHGs
Weightage
Involvement of
Women
Effective
Leadership
Very Poor
Review,
Monitoring and
1
Follow up of
Selection of DM
Committee
Poor
members
Effectiveness of
Trainings
received by
2
Selection
procedure of
Chairperson
Meetings,
attendance and
records
Average
Functioning of
3
task force
DMC FUNCTIONING
Involvement of
SHGs in DMC
Good activities
The functioning of DMC and other related activities are going on well.
Participation of
people in
planning and
4
Role of
Sarpanch &
Village
Microplan
status
Very Good
Social auditing
5
& transparency
Level of
contributions for
VRF

24. Table 2 Project Habitations general information
No of
hand 10th Municipal
Sl No of No of pumps EFICOR above School & water
no Village Name houses population working pumps students anganvadi taps Acres
1 Seethanagaram 85 1000 3 no 50 2 yes 30
2 M.Kasinagaram 100 600 4 no 30 2 no 20
3 K.Kasinagaram 150 750 10 1 55 4 no 40
Old
4 Bandarigudam 100 400 4 1 30 2 no 10
5 Kristavaram 120 800 8 1 50 2 no 35
6 Vinayakapuram 70 400 6 1 10 2 no 10
7 Chellampalem 101 700 11 1 35 2 yes 30
8 Polipaka 150 700 10 1 50 2 no 50
9 Gunduvarigudam 35 250 3 1 15 2 no 10
Total 911 5600 59 7 325 20 2 235
Table 3 Interventions all gist.
Total
Aspect (nos.)
1 Total field visits (52 weeks @ 3 visits x 9 habitations) 1404
2 Total trainings / workshops 15
3 Total participants - Men 36
4 Total participants - women 36
5 Total Exposure visits (no.) 6
6 Exposure visits - Total Participants (no.) 100
AGRICULTURE
Main crops being cultivated currently are Paddy, Chillies and Cotton, Paddy, Jowar, Pulses,
Groundnut and til were being cultivated as main crops about 5 years back. The input costs
as well the yield of the respective crops increased in the last 5 years.
Seasonal migrants from Chattisgarh state provide cheap agriculture labour for harvesting
chillies and for all other activities. The number of households with agriculture based income
source is decreasing. This is an indicator for diversification of livelihoods into non-farm
sector.
The qualitative aspects of agriculture extension and the farmers institutions functioning has
improved. EFICOR played an important role in institution building, capacity building and
convergence of extension services in the project area. This is clearly visible in the project
habitations as compared to the control village.
The farmers were encouraged to farm into Rythu Mithra Groups (RMGs), which are effective
and are also able to save money through thrift and savings.
LIVESTOCK
m. patha Control
kashinagaram krishtavaram bandarigudem polipaka chellampalem habitation

25. Current before Current before Current before Current before Current before Current before
(2008) 2003 (2008) 2003 (2008) 2003 (2008) 2003 (2008) 2003 (2008) 2003
No. of 35 150 150 390 230 450 300 1000 200 300 200 500
Cows
No. of 600 1300 140 210 100 300 200 300 180 200
Bullocks
No. of 15 50 70 40 40 80 4
Buffaloes
No. of 100 0 20 58 0 0
Sheep
No. of 50 1000 52 0 100 100 300 0 30
Goat
No. of 400 600 1500 2300 2000 1200 500 1000 300 300 800 500
chickens
/ ducks
The above table shows that there is overall decrease in livestock as compared to the
situation about 5 years back.
FISHERIES
In some habitations non-traditional households have adapted to fishing, this trend is more
prevalent in M. Kashinagarm where from 4 households in 2003 increased to 15 households
in 2008.
DRINKING WATER AND GROUNDWATER
Adequate drinking water is created and being shared judiciously, this kind of cooperation is
very much important especially during occurrence of floods. The groundwater levels are
depleting in some habitations.
COMMON POOL RESOURCES
The availability of grazing lands are coming down.
SUPPORT / FACILITATION INSTITUTIONS
The functional village level support / facilitation institutions are increasing in number like;
1. Rural Infrastructure Development Fund(RIDF)
2. JFM / CFM programmes by Forest Department
3. Agriculture Department / Rythu Mithra Groups, Seed, Vermicomposting, fertilizers,
saplings, etc.
4. Horticulture Dept
5. Comprehensive Land Development Programme / Indira Prabha
6. Animal Husbandry
7. Fisheries
8. Irrigation Dept (Minor / Medium / Major)
9. Dist. Rural Dev. Agency (DRDA) / District Poverty Initiatives Programme (DPIP) /
Indira Kranthi Patham
10. DPEP / Education
11. Medical and Health

26. 12. SC Corporation
13. ST Welfare/Tribal Welfare
14. BC Welfare / BC Corporation
15. Tribal welfare / ITDA
16. ICDS / Child Development Programme
17. Anganwadi / Women and Children Welfare
18. Housing Department
19. Road
20. Civil supplies / Public Distribution system
21. Rural water supply (Panchayat Raj Department.)
22. Electricity
23. Telecommunications / BSNL / mobile / WLL / WIRELESS access.
MIGRATION
As the literacy rate is increasing, the educated youth are migrating to other places for higher
education or employment .
ENERGY
People were found using traditional
inefficient biomass stoves for cooking
and hot water requirements. The
concern for fuel wood is growing as the
Common Pool Resources are depleting
or becoming inaccessible. They face
difficulty in cooking during the rainy
season and floods. There is a possibility
of facilitating portable efficient stoves as
“relief stoves” in these flood prone
areas.
EDUCATION
The percentage of girls and boys not
enrolled and the percentage of children working as wage labors is one of the main concerns
in all the habitations.
SHGs
There is an increase in number of SHGs formed in the project habitations, EFICOR has
actively encouraged women to form into SHGs. These SHGs have also formed into
federations at village level. The corpus of SHGs and federation has improved.
ROLE OF WOMEN IN DMC
Women also attend the DMC meetings in all habitations and actively participate in decision
making process in some habitations.
INFRASTRUCTURE
The infrastructure available to the people in the project habitations to cope with floods
(before, during and after) is like:
Panchayat Office Building, Primary / Secondary School Buildings, Church / temple /
Community halls, Noon-meal center building, Anganwadi building, Between and within the

27. habitations road link, Milk collection center and Communication Facility (telephone / mar /
wireless / mobile).
HEALTH
The most common health problems faced by community during and after floods are:
vomiting, cholera, Malaria, Diarrhea and fever.
Note: No significant differences are found in the Control Village in the above aspects.
RESPONSE OF COMMUNITY BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER OCCURANCE OF
FLOODS
Pre flood activities
1. Conducting meeting in the village regarding the possible extent of flood and actions to be
taken.
2. Checking of all rescue material. i.e.- bottles, coconut, ropes, thermocoal boats, etc
3. Early warning group preparation
4. Identification of old people, pregnant ladies, kids
5. Identification of high raised place
6. 4) Rice collected from all households
7. First aid material made ready
8. 5) Kept ear on Radio news by warning groups
During flood activities
1 Announcement in the village
2 Evacuation to safer place to old age people, ladies, kids, sick people & live stock
3 Moved people to safer place (i.e. aged people, pregnant women, children, sick people
etc…)
4 Arrangement for temporary shelter
5 Approached Govt. for emergency relief
6 Availed rice and dal from Government for camp.
7 Used EFICOR high raised bore well for drinking water
8 Monitored the Water levels and receding status.
Post flood activities
1. Flood Area survey
2. House damage survey
3. Water logging sites survey
4. Call to govt. medical team for medication
5. Cleaning of Debris and cleaning whole Village.
6. Bleaching powder spreading in water and logging areas
7. House damage assessment
8. Crop damage assessment (both the reports were given to the govt officials, they were so
amazed to see that how accurately it has been done. Further the compensation and new
houses were sectioned according to this assessment.
9. Relief from Govt. & EFICOR distributed through DMC & Task force
10. Govt. Relief distributed equally in the village
11. Sick people were taken to hospital

28. 7. FACTORS AND IMPACTS
An assessment exercise was made with the stakeholders in the project for understanding
the weightage of factors in the DMPP.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Avg.
Social 40 25 25 25 20 25 25 185 26.43
Human 20 30 30 30 35 35 35 215 30.71
Physical 10 10 15 15 15 10 10 85 12.14
Natural 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 40 5.71
Financial 10 15 10 10 10 15 15 85 12.14
Environmental 10 15 15 15 15 10 10 90 12.86
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
Social Human Physical Natural Financial Environmental
Out of total 100 points for each capital the stakeholders were asked to give weightage. From
the above chart, it is clear that DMPP focused more on the Human and Social aspects.
Where as the Physical, Natural, Financial and Environmental capitals were prioritized under
the convergence of programmes.
SIX CAPITALS
Social: Community Based Organizations / Institutions (like DMC, VDC), Networks (like
DMS), Demographic profile, Poverty, Employment, Education, etc.
Human: Capacities, Capabilities, Skills, Knowledge, training, awareness, sensitization, etc.
Physical / Infrastructure: Bore wells, roads, Boats, community buildings, communication,
electricity, etc.

29. Natural: Agriculture, Livestock, fisheries, water resources (quality and quantity)
Financial: Vulnerability Reduction Fund (VRF), Relief fund, access to Micro-finance and
banks, EFICOR support, etc.
Environment: Occurrence and intensity of floods and drought, meteorology information
access, climate variability, etc.
These activities have had a number of impacts on the community. These impacts are
organized into five categories: social, human, natural, physical, economic and
environmental.
SOCIAL IMPACTS
As a result of the capacity-building and training inputs, villagers are better able to organize
themselves and feel more confident. Young people are trained to work in teams in rescue
and evacuation techniques, and show pride and strength in demonstrating their new skills.
Villagers frequently mention that flooding has become less of a problem in their community,
not because the levels or duration of the floods have changed, but because they feel
empowered through their training to deal effectively with the flood when it comes. The
establishment of farmers’ groups has helped to facilitate the exchange of information and
knowledge of new cropping systems. EFICOR has also been instrumental in establishing
women’s self-help groups, which have empowered women and given them a community
voice. Women are also part of the DMC.
EFICOR’s training and capacity-building activities have strengthened the community’s ability
to cope with illness. Whilst the number of cases of illness during droughts and floods has not
necessarily decreased, first-aid training has helped villagers to feel more confident about
dealing with minor illnesses and injuries, and identifying and referring problems that require
medical attention.
SOCIAL
ROLE OF
GRAM
PANCHAYAT
ACCESS TO
POVERTY OF VILLAGE HEALTH DISASTER
THE POPULATION SERVICES MANAGEMENT
HOUSEHOLDS AND %AGE OF COMMITTEE
VULNERABLE
AGE GROUP
LOCAL
INSTITUTIONS
TASK FORCE
HUMAN IMPACTS
Illness is the primary human impact of both the drought and the flooding. The installation of
raised hand pumps has ensured clean water supplies, and villagers report substantial

30. reductions in diarrhea. New skills have also been imparted through the hand pump caretaker
training programme and the technical support for growing alternative seed varieties.
HUMAN
KNOWLEDGE / KNOWLEDGE
UNDERSTANDING AND SKILLS
NETWORKING
LOCAL SPECIFIC
INDIGENOUS
KNOWLEDGE
INSTITUTIONAL
BUILDING
COMMUNICATION
TRAINING
AWARENESS
SENSITIZATION
PHYSICAL ASSETS
EFICOR’s primary impact in reducing vulnerability has been the installation of raised hand
pumps, which ensure a clean water supply during both drought and flooding. Previously,
many villagers had to walk up to 2km to get drinking water during droughts, because
government installed hand pumps dried up. During flood periods, these wells become
blocked and contaminated. Because the flooding is relatively brief, and there is nearby high
ground, villagers do not report effects on other assets, such as livestock and household
goods.

31. INFLUENCE OF
SCHEMES
AND PROGRAMME /
GRANTS OR SUBSIDIES
PHYSICAL
RELIEF CENTERS:
HIGH REACH AREAS
AND SHELTERS
(SCHOOLS /
LIFE SAVING
ACCESS TO COMMUNITY
PUCCA EQUIPMENT CENTERS /
HOUSES / BOATS / LIFE RELIGIOUS PLACES,
RAISED JACKETS / ETC.
BOREWELLS
FOOD / COOKING
NEEDS, LIGHTING
AND OTHER
ESSENTIALS
ROADS AND
COMMUNICATION
AND WARNING
SYSTEMS
INFORMATION
NATURAL RESOURCES
Khammam District is rich in natural resources and soils are fertile. Flooding and drought
primarily affect crops, and EFICOR has responded with its programme of hybrid seeds. It is
an important step in the long-term mitigation of the effects of these hazards on natural
resources and food security.

32. NATURAL
ACCESS TO
CPR AND
MANAGEMENT
AGRICULTURE LIVESTOCK
FISHERIES,
MICRO-
ENTERPRISES,
ETC.
INPUT, PRACTICES LAND CHOICE OF
AND OUTPUT DEVELOPMENT CROP AND
SUPPORT AND ACCESS SHORT
TO IRRIGATION DURATION
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
In the event of climate variability the occurance of floods and drought is unpredicatable.
Whilst flooding can cause displacement and destruction, it also brings many benefits; fishing
increases, teak wood carried by the flood waters is collected and sold or used in the village,
and fields receive important nutrients from the flood waters.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FLOODS DROUGHT
OCCURANCE OCCURANCE
AND INTENSITY AND INTENSITY
CLIMATE
VARIABILI
TY
FACTORS
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
EFICOR’s pilot cropping programme is helping villagers to experiment with alternative seeds
and cropping patterns that are suited to flood and drought conditions, thereby reducing crop
losses. Diesel-powered water pumps help to irrigate agricultural land with river water.

33. FINANCIAL
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
PROFILE OF COMMUNITY
SHGs ACCESS TO
MICRO-FINANCE LOANS FROM
BANKS
SUPPORT
ORGANISATIONS
PROJECTS /
PROGRAMMES /
RELIEF
DMC COMPENSATION / GRANT
VULNERABILITY / RELIEF AND
REDUCTION FUND (VRF) REHABILITATION
SUPPORT FROM GOVT.
AND OTHER AGENCIES

34. 8. POLICY AND PROGRAMME
The Government of India, initiated the following measures related to disasters management:
The Disaster Management Bill, was passed in 2005
Disaster Management Act, came into existence in 2005
The National Disaster Management Authority was formed
National Disaster Response Force is also formed
Provided facilities for formation of State Disaster Management Authority, District Disaster
Management Authority and local authorities.
The Disaster Management Unit of Andhra Pradesh under the Ministry of Finance, initially
would be involved in the following activities:
• formation of a long-term mitigation policy
• undertaking key hazard studies
• restoring and strengthening infrastructure with improved design
• use of innovative methods such as the setting up of the Vulnerability Reduction Fund
Trust
• improved methods of capacity building through innovative training and orientation
programmes and community participation
• extensive use of mass media and multimedia.
Typical relief package of the Government supplied during the 2006 floods includes:
Rice, Dal, Oil, Salt, Potato, Onion, Chilly powder packet, Turmeric powder, Sambar powder,
Garam masala, Washing soap, Bath soap, Dettol bottle and Biscuit packet
Short term and long term measures by Govt., Institutions, organizations and community
at different levels anticipated as such.
District level
Sr. Long term Sr. No Short term
No
01 Infrastructure 01 District task force
Relief and Rescue operations
02 Embankments 02 Compensation
03 Communication
04 Relief funds
05 Road
06 Housing
MANDAL/ FEDERATION LEVEL
Sr. Long term Sr. No Short term
No
01 Hostel 01 Seeds Provision
02 Education 02 Land reclamation
03 School provision 03 Fertilized Provision
04 SC/ST Welfare hostel 04 Evacuation relief and rehab.
centres
05 Vocational training center
06 Loan access to bank and institutions

35. 07 Marketing centers
08 Early warning systems & Awareness
VILLAGE / HABITATION LEVEL
Sr. Long term Sr. No Short term
No
01 PHC 01 First aid / health care camp
02 Asha Workers 02 Relief- rice, pulses, clothing,
vegetables, kerosene, blankets,
buckets, plates, mugs, mats
03 Boat 03 Temporary shelters
04 Rescue materials- Net, life jacket, 04 Compansation
mega phone
05 Radio
06 Micro finance and enterprises
07 Village roads
08 Sanitation
09 Potable water
10 High raised bore wells
11 Housing
12 Identification & shelter
9. CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDY 1
Kunja Tirupathi Rao, P. Bandarugudem
My name is Kunja Tirupahi Rao. I am 25 years old. I had studied up to 10th class. We are
living in this village right from our ancestors (around 100 years). My father has been addicted
to liquor. He used to harass and beat us frequently. To avoid this harassment, we left that
house and we went to our Grandmothers (Mother's mother) house. After 2 years, we have
built a small house. Now we are living in a better condition.
In the year 2003, brother Ramesh (from EFICOR) came to our village. At that time I am
cutting the firewood. He stopped the motorcycle engine and asked for the name of the
village. I said it is Bandarugudem and I had asked him "Who are you?"."I am Ramesh, I
came from EFFICOR organization", he replied. He asked weather the floods of River
Godavari can affect this village. "In 1986 the complete village got submerged", I replied. He
said that we are going to form a committee in this village. All the people in our village
assembled and in the presence of the village Head, Kateboina Pullaiah, DMC was formed
and I was selected as a volunteer to the committee. At that time I don't know anything. The
first training on DMC was given to me in RedCross building at Bhadrachalam. I like social
Service very much. Sangram, from EFFICOR used to come to our village very frequently to
conduct meetings. I invited all our villagers for the meeting. One big flood has submerged
our village in 1986 i.e. before EFFICOR came to our village. At that time I was a child. I
didn't get any economic support. None of our villagers were educated. Even in agriculture
practice they are not experts. They used to cultivate Red gram, Jower, Ragi and other small
millets. They learned cultivation of Rice from 2001. From 2002 onwards they started growing
Cotton, Rice and Chillies. In 2003 August, Mr.Sangram from EFFICOR has informed that the
EFFICOR will support the villagers in growing the useful trees like, Guava, Mango, Papaya,
Orange and Grapes. In the evening at around 5.30 pm, I brought these plants from

36. EFFICOR and distributed 3 plants per house. I felt very happy in doing this activity. After that
in 2004, Mr. Madan came. Agricultural officer A. Thatha Rao has given training about the
agriculture practiced in Kasinagaram. He had given many advices on agriculture and we
learnt a lot from him. The farmers expressed that they are ready to attend such training
programs conducted anywhere in the future. Madan stayed here only for few days. After that
Mr. Das came and conducted meetings on Raythu Mithra program through which farmers
will get loans for low interest, so that they can avoid private financiers who collect high
interest. Famers will become debt free and concentrate more on cultivation. Then farmers
decided that it is a good scheme and formed into two groups namely 1. Vasantha (R.M.G.)
and 2.Lillipuvvu (R.M.G.). They paid Rs.50/month for six months. After six months, the Bank
Manager has given loan of Rs.57000/-(Rupees Fifty Seven Thousand) for each of these
RMGs. We had repaid that money to the Bank. This time the Bank had given Rs.114000/-
(Rupees One Lakh Fourteen Thousand) as loan. By seeing all this process, the third group
formed namely Mahanandi and has approached the bank and promised to repay the loan if
they get it. Bank has allotted Rs.50000/-(Rupees Fifty Thousand). Now all the people of the
village are under RMGs. The Govt. and the officials from various departments like ITDA are
giving preference to the farmers of these groups.
Irrigation Water: VDC & DMC committees had written a letter to the P.O. of ITDA mentioning
that we are not getting the water from Taliveru Project. Every year the crops got affected just
before harvesting due to lack of water supply. We need irrigation water. Turubaka
vaagu(rivulet) flows from west to east just beside the village and it contains full of water in
the rainy season. You can provide lift irrigation from this rivulet. We had submitted this letter
to the P.O. at ITDA office. He sent the concern officials to the village and they conducted a
survey. They found that there is a potential to irrigate about 136 acres of land, and
sanctioned Rs.2,58,500/- for agricultural bore (Tube Well). For getting this we had gone to
ITDA office around 250 times under VDC & DMC committees. We met the P.O. around 20
times. This is all possible because the EFFICOR organization has trained us on different
aspects like How to talk with the officials, How to fill the application etc. Before 2003, i.e.
before the EFFICOR interaction with our village, we don’t know about the government
subsidy and how to get it. VDC & DMC committees are discussing all the issues that are
happening in the village. Political parties are exploiting the people’s development fund
money since 30 to 40 years. Due to effective training from the EFFICOR, we are able to
know and understand what is happening in the society.
Why our village is called Bandarugudem?
About 100 years ago there was a village by name Yaalambailu in palvancha. Most of the
villagers had hundreds of Buffalos, cows, sheep and goats. They don’t have proper source
for drinking water to their animals. At that time Mr. Cotton (Governor General) was working
as clerk in the court at Aswaraopeta. He thought that he should provide a solution for the
drinking water problem. He came to this agency area which was a deep forest then. There
were Bandaru trees at place where the present Bandarugudem village is located. Cotton and
his three associates had surveyed the complete forest and found the present Turubaka
Vaagu. At that time it was like a small stream. It was believed that demons were roaming
there. They surveyed this place by keeping some marks along the way, and they go back
using that marks. There is one big Bandaru tree in the middle of their path, from which they
used to identify their path. Finally they completed the survey and sent the report to the
government. The government officials had surveyed 300 acres and allotted to the villagers.
As this village is located near the big Bandaru tree, which was used as landmark, the village
name became Bandarugudem.
TACKLING THE FLOOD OF AUGUST 2006
In August, 2006 there were floods to the River Godavari. VDC and DMC members
immediately distributed 80 quintals of Rice from the government. We had surveyed the

37. damage of the crops and properties and informed the government. 25 kgs of Rice and other
vegetables were distributed by EFFICOR organization. They provided Rs.3200/- for houses
damaged by River Godavari and Rs.2200/- for the less damaged houses.
CASE STUDY 2
Gaddam Adaamu, M. Kasinagaram
I Gaddam Adaamu, am son of Shri. Ramarao living in M. Kasinagaram for the past 24
years. In my family, I have my Father, Mother, two sisters and one brother. Ours is a poor
family. My father is daily wage labor. My one sister studied up to 7th class and another sister
up to 10th class, I had completed M.A and my brother had studied up to 10th class. Ours is a
joint family. We will take decisions by discussing with each other. We are very cooperative
and helpful with our neighbors.
We have very friendly environment in our village. Our village is prone to the floods. At the
time of floods, all our villagers take right decisions in right time and migrate to other villages.
When we come back to the village, we will rebuild our houses and also take care of
cleanliness in the village. Like this I had migrated four times till now. Under such conditions,
the EFFICOR organization has take initiation and enlightened us about Floods, Fire
accidents, accidents and about crops through meetings, trainings, workshops and other
awareness programs.
EFFICOR organization came to our village in 2003 and started their activities to enlighten
the people on different hazards by giving technical advices through workshops, meetings
etc.
Before March 2003:
We are not aware of how to mitigate the floods before 2003. We are only able to protect our
lives. But now under the guidance of EFFICOR, we are now capable of protecting others life
as well as our Houses and crops. Now we know completely about fire accidents. Really this
organization is helping us in many ways.
Present Life Style:
At present we learnt a lot from EFFICOR in different aspects such as, Flood Hazards, Fire
Accidents, Cultivation of crops etc.
EFFICOR prepared all of us in protecting ourselves, if at all there is occurs any hazard. They
formed us into five groups to mitigate the hazards.
My Role in Flood Management 2006:
At the time of floods in 2006, I personally involved in vacating the Old people, pregnant
ladies and the children. I had helped in passing the information about flood movement, which
helped in taking decisions at the right time.
After the floods receded back, I was involved in taking several actions to control the
contaminated diseases by applying bleaching powder etc. And also I was involved in
facilitating the aid from the government or NGOs to the affected people.
TACKLING THE FLOOD OF AUGUST 2006
1st August, 2006, Tuesday:
On 1st August 2006, I had helped in providing the information about rain and floods to the
villagers. There was continuous heavy rain on that day. The flood level in Godavari has
reached 45 feet and there is potential to raise this level as it was continuously raining. We
decided to vacate the village and moved all villagers to the safe areas using the boats. We
had involved in providing the required help for moving the villagers to a new place. We also
helped the villagers in reestablishing their houses when they came back to village.
2nd August 2006, Wednesday:

38. On the night of 1st August, we didn't sleep whole night. We collected the information from
the electronic media news and we shifted all the animals to safe areas.
On 2nd August, the flood level has increased further to 46 feet. The government officials like
MRO, MDO and AE came to the village and appreciated the efforts of EFFICOR in saving so
many lives. They had expressed that the villagers were enlightened by the EFFICOR efforts,
and they can now protect themselves from the flood hazards. Afterwards we involved in
providing required aid to the affected.
3rd August, 2006 Thursday:
As the flood maintained level at 46 feet, we all prepared our villagers to move to other
village. Our group members have taken measures in getting the food, shelter, and other
needs from the government.
All our crops were devastated by floods. We had informed the MRO about the loss of crops.
4th August, 2006 Friday:
The flood level in Godavari has come down to 44 feet, so we came back to our village. We
had cleaned our village and applied bleaching powder. We had enquired about the different
diseases and distributed the required tablets. Later we had applied for the development of
village to the MRO. MRO has responded positively and provided the daily needs (like Rice,
Salt, sugar, oil, Dal, Onions, cloths etc) immediately.
5th August, 2006 Saturday:
On this day, we prepared a record of our needs and submitted to the EFFICOR. They
responded immediately and supplied Rice, Vegetables, Oil, Dal, Clothes etc. We maintained
the discipline in distributing this aid so that all of us would get justice. On the same we had
prepared the record of the affected crops and submitted to the MRO. MRO had sanctioned
Rs.200/- as compensation per acre immediately.
CASE STUDY 3
D. Praveen Kumar, M. Kasinagaram
I D. Praveen Kumar, am from M. Kasinagaram habitation, Dummugudem Mandal,
Khammam district, working as a volunteer in EFFICOR, since 2003. They formed a DMC in
our village to deal with the welfare of the village during occurrence of disasters. They also
formed the Taskforce and divided the villagers into 5 groups. They had given training to
these groups about flood management measures like managing the situations before the
floods, at the time of floods and after the floods. Before 2003, nobody has taken initiative in
this aspect. At the time of floods nobody has taken care of the children, old aged people and
the pregnant ladies.
EFFICOR has provided a bore well with an elevated platform through which we are getting
the clean drinking water at time of floods. By discussing with the people, EFFICOR has
opened an account in the bank. They decided to spend this money only at time of natural
hazards. To help the farmers in the village, they had supplied seeds for short term crops.
They had also supplied the fertilizers at subsidized cost. They trained the villagers about the
measures to be taken at the time of fire accidents. They trained us to repair the bore well
and supplied the required tools. Like this they trained us in various aspects and helped for
the development of the village. They sent us to the training programs conducted by other
NGOs at different places. They had explained the activities of those NGOs.
Before 2003, our village was a backward area. People were highly selfish at that time. Now
there is a sea of change in the village. All the committee members assemble once in a
month and discuss about the happenings and activities in the village. Before 2003, the loss

39. due to floods was more. Now it is drastically reduced. Even the accidents have reduced.
Death rate has come down. Now the people are very happy in the village. Villagers are able
to take care of their animals effectively. We are saving these animals at the time floods by
taking them to elevated places. Taskforce people are taking measures in saving the lives of
children, pregnant ladies, old aged and physically handicapped people by moving them to
highest places. They are providing first aid to the injured people. We are prepared for the
floods by taking measures like floating empty bottles, Boat made of thermocoal etc.
From 2003 to 2008, the self confidence of the villagers has raised. Now they are confident of
protecting themselves and also some other needy people. When compared with 2003, there
is reduction in the death rate and loss of property.
TACKLING THE FLOOD OF AUGUST 2006
1st August, 2006 Tuesday:
Before 1st August, 2006, there were heavy rains in the district and in the catchment area of
Godavari district. Because of these rains there was a raise in flood level of Godavari River.
MRO and other officials came to our village and advised to vacate the village. I had informed
the same to the villagers, committee members and the taskforce members. That night we
had vacated the old aged people, children and pregnant ladies to safe neighbor village. We
have accommodated them in the school building of that village. Other people came on the
2nd august. People had experienced lot of fear on this night.
2 August, 2008, Wednesday:
I had gone to mandal office on Wednesday morning along with some of the villagers. On
hearing the flood hazard, the officials of MRO office responded positively and supplied Rice,
Kerosene, Dal, Tamarind, onions, oil etc. We had distributed this aid to all the required
villagers. Using these supplies, they prepared their meal and felt happy. All the animals were
moved to the elevated places. We did fist aid to the injured. Old age people were shifted
using boats.
3rd August, 2008, Thursday:
We spread the bleaching powder supplied by the government. We had supplied medicines
to the people who were suffering from fever, vomiting, motions. Due to this effort they
became soon healthy.
4th August, 2008, Friday:
Some people had gone to our village to check the flood level. They found that there is a
decrease in the flood level and informed to all the villagers. First the taskforce people has
reached the village and removed the fallen trees and cleaned the village. Later we had taken
all the villagers.
5th August, 2008, Saturday:
Persons from EFFICOR organization came to our village to conduct a survey and identified
the damaged houses. They had given the economic support to repair the damaged houses.
They had also supplied the daily needs like cooking oil, Rice, vegetables etc. Other NGOs
have also helped. We had distributed them to all the villagers equally. Even the aid from
government was also distributed equally.
We joined the unhealthy people in the hospital and taken care and got them proper
medicines. We had removed the dead bodies of animals. We had taken measures for
mosquito control by spreading some medicines. We had repaired the damaged houses. We
applied to the government for the financial support to the farmers whose crops got damaged.
We had surveyed the fields to assess the damage of crops. Government had sanctioned the
money within one month and farmers felt happy with this support.

40. 10. CONCLUSIONS
• DMPP is the most successful intervention of EFICOR, which is unique, the learning’s
should be extended to other areas vulnerable to floods and other disasters.
• Self-help capacity of communities have been strengthened for improved integrated flood
management.
• DMC is an innovative initiative for community response to disasters, which is the most
important and immediate aspect, during occurrence of disasters.
• The DMC’s and DMS should be supported further till formal institutions like government
takes up the responsibilities formally as per the Disaster Managemetn Act on a regular
basis.
• The existing DMC is strengthened to address the vulnerability of the community to
disasters. The communities in the 9 habitations formed into DMS .
• All the DMS and DMC members understand the purpose, roles, responsibility and
management and are able to systematically and efficiently function.
• The local partner agency, IEM, has been capacitated, to assist the community in the
functioning of the DMCs and the DMS effectively.
• The DMS as an active network is able to tap available resources from the Government
through convergence.
• DMC is also well aware of government resources (training, finance, etc.) related to
disaster management.
• Villagers have adapted their crops and cropping patterns to reduce the impact of
flooding. For example, the village of Bhandarigudem historically harvested chillies from
June to September, but because of the flooding has shifted this crop to September to
April.
• IEM should take up total responsibility immediately for continuity of the initiatives of
EFICOR.
• Based on this experience EFICOR should conduct trainings for capacitating / replicating
similar models else where.
• Linkages / convergence is facilitated with number of departments and institutions like,
Agriculture, revenue, Indira Kranthi Patham (IKP), ITDA, etc.
• There is a demand for formation of similar DMC like community based institutions in the
other flood prone areas.
• The DMC members are capacitated to the extent that they are seeking funds and
support from various departments / programmes through convergence.
• The qualitative aspects of agriculture extension and the farmers institutions functioning
has improved. EFICOR played an important role in institution building, capacity building
and convergence of extension services in the project area. This is clearly visible in the
project habitations as compared to the control village.
• A strong disciplined and responsible leadership has emerged in the project habitations,
in the long run they could become great leaders representing various organization,
institutions, etc.
POST PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY:
INDIAN EVENGELICAL MISSION TO CONTINUE THE SUPPORT TO DMPP
IEM is a partner organization of EFICOR working among Koya tribal community at
Bhadrachalam Khammam, distt of A.P. The concept of Disaster mitigation & preparedness
program was presented to the working committee (IEM & EFICOR) in November 2002 after
the approval from the WC the program was inducted. EFICOR implemented the program in
9 habitations & part of capacity building they had trained IEM volunteers nearly 40 people
from 40 different Churches.

41. The following contents were covered in 4 different training programs held at various levels.
Programs conducted at Bhadrachalam, pata maerdupaka, burgampad & lankalpali.
1) Biblical basis for responding on Disasters
2) Concept of Development
3) Understanding disaster management
4) Concept of community based disaster preparedness program
5) Role of DMC and Task force in disaster management
6) Network with the Govt.
7) Responding to multi Hazards
Presently all the volunteers who had undergone training programs are fully equipped and
they are ready to cope with any disaster occurs in their village. IEM will be continuously
monitoring the skills and training they acquired to be practiced regularly and we will ensure
they will support DMC, and also wants all these trained volunteers helping DMC and will be
working with Govt when the disasters occur any time in future.

42. Annexure – 1
The Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness Training program
BHADRACHALAM, KHAMMAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
The Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness Training program was organized by EFICOR,
Bhadrachalam on 7 & 8th February 2006. EFICOR invited AFPRO, Hyderabad for conducting
the training. Dr. Sai Bhaskar Reddy from AFPRO, Hyderabad as resource person has
successfully conducted the training, in which 50 trainees participated. In which Disaster
Management Committee members (who have been involved in this work for the last two
years), Volunteers (who have been helping the DMC in the village level) and Taskforce
member’s one person from each group from 9 habitations participated.
The objective of the training was that the communities should know more about Disaster
Mitigation and preparedness work, disaster and its effectiveness, DMC role in handling the
disaster at the village level.
Guidance was provided on the planning to form a Federation as a disaster responding team
from selected 9 habitations (Disaster management Federation), on how they can be
registered with the government, the legal implications in this regard, purpose, roles,
responsibility and management of the DMF, Networking with others and on how to work with
the government.
At the end of program the participants have understood the concept of disaster mitigation
and preparedness. Accepted the roles and responsibilities of the DMC as. Aware about
Federation and its legal implications. Known to network with other like minded groups and
about The Disaster Management Bill, 2005.
Annexure 2
Expected output from the evaluation:
The expected output of this assignment is a report with the following sections:
• Executive Summary (no more than four A4 sides)
• Introduction / Background
• Methodology
• Context Analysis
• For each Aspect, a section in the form
o Findings
o Conclusions
o Assessment
• Annexes (indicative)
o Terms of Reference for the Evaluation
o Profile of the Evaluation Team
o Evaluation Schedule
o Protocols for the Evaluation
o Documents consulted during the Evaluation
o Persons participating in the Evaluation
o Field data used during the Evaluation, including baselines
Expected output from the Team Leader/ external evaluator:

43. Guideline for formulation of questionnaires
Finalisation of methodology for data collection
Compiling process
Tools of evaluation:
Preparatory : Desk Research, Documentation and Data analysis, Questionnaires
Implementation : Focus Group Discussion, Interview Questionnaires with Community and
Case study.
: Meeting with the Staff
Secondary data to be made available for the Evaluation team:
Annual reports
Baseline data ( if any)
SHG registers
DMC records
Financial Statement
Proposal
Evaluation Team members:
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy : Team leader, External Evaluator – CEO, GEO
Mr. Harshan K.Y : Team Member, Program Coordinator- HIV project EFICOR
Mr. Eshwar Rao : Team Member, Partner organization, IEM
Mr. Daich K. Madhvi : Team Member, Project Incharge- Koya IDP, EFICOR
2 Members : Disaster management Society representing the Community
Mr. Ramesh Babu : Facilitator, Manager- Direct Projects, EFICOR
Roles of the members:
Preparing questionnaires : Team Leader and Members
Selecting sample villages : Facilitator and Project staff
Collecting data : Team Members
Compiling data : Team Members
Preparing Final report : Team Leader
Debriefing of the findings : Team Leader
Logistics : Facilitator
Evaluation time frame:
13th April 2008 : Arrive at Bahdrachalam and
Developing common understanding on evaluation
Developing a frame work for the evaluation
Study the secondary information
14th April 2008(morning): Village visits
14th April (afternoon) : Meeting Govt. officials at Block level
15th April 2008 : visiting villages and meeting Govt. officials at Block level
16th April : Meeting with Partner, govt at BCM level and Debriefing of findings
25th April 2008 : Draft report circulate to team members
1st may 2008 : Submission of Final report
Total working days: 6 days
Working at the field - 4 days
Report writing - 2 days

44. REFERENCES
Cabot Venton and Paul Venton, Disaster preparedness programmes in India - A cost
benefit analysis, Number 49, Network Paper, The Humanitarian Practice Network at the
Overseas Development Institute, 111 Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7JD, United
Kingdom, November 2004, HPN website: www.odihpn.org
www.eficor.org