stem cell are the undifferentiated an unspecialised cells having properties to differentiate into any type of cells in the body.

1. WELCOME

2. SEMINAR FROM DEPT.
OF ZOOLOGY
GUIDED BY
SHREE. RADHAKANTA PRADHAN (H.O.D)
Dr . JATINDRA KU. PRADHAN
Dr . MUNTAZ KHAN
PREPARED BY
RUDRA MADHAB RAO NAG

3. STEM CELL

4. CONTENTS
• STEM CELL: INTRODUCTION AND
DEFINATION
• PROPERTIES OF STEM CELLS
• CLASSIFICATION
• ISOLATION OF STEM CELLS
• CLINICAL APPLICATION
• iPS –INDUCED PLURIPOTENT CELL
• CONCLUSION

5. Introduction
• “Células madre” is a Spanish word for stem cell.
• Stem cells are “mother” cells that give rise to all other
cells in the body.
• They are cells found in all multicellular organisms that
can undergo mitosis to give rise to specialized cells, or
more stem cells
• They are considered as a blank microchip that can
be programmed to perform particular tasks. They
serve as a repair machine for the body

6. Defination
Stem cells are defined as cells that
have clonogenic and self-renewing
capabilities and differentiate into
multiple cell lineages.
OR
A cell that has the ability to
continuously divide and
differentiate (develop) into various
other kind(s) of cells/tissues

7. Properties of stem cell
 Stem cells are unspecialised cells or called “Blank cell”
 Asymmetric cell division
 Stem cell can divide and renew themselves for long periods of time .
 Stem cell can divide and become specific specialized cell types of the body.
 Stem cells can replace dying or old damaged cells.
 Relocation and Differentiation are abilities of stem cells to “migrate” to where
they’re needed in the body and specialize into a particular type of mature cell

8. Cell division in stem cell

10. Stem cell
type Description Examples
Totipotent
Each cell can develop
into a new individual
Cells from early
(1-3 days)
embryos
Pluripotent
Cells can form any
(over 200) cell types
Some cells of
blastocyst (5 to
14 days)
Multipotent
Cells differentiated, but
can form a number of
other tissues
Fetal tissue, cord
blood, and adult
stem cells
Unipotent
Able to contribute to
only a single mature
type cell
Like Muscle stem
cell
Classification
of stem cells
on the basis
of potency

12. Classification
on the basis of
their sources
Embryonic stem cells
Adult stem cells or somatic stem cell

13. EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
 Cells found early (less than 2 wks.) in the development of an embryo
 Embryonic stem cells are the most versatile because they can become
any cell in the body including fetal stem cells and adult stem cells.
 Embryonic stem (ES) cells are taken from inside the blastocyst, a very
early stage embryo. The blastocyst is a ball of about 50-100 cells and it
is not yet implanted in the womb. It is made up of an outer layer of cells,
a fluid-filled space and a group of cells called the inner cell mass. ES
cells are found in the inner cell mass.

14. Blastocyst

15. ADULT STEM CELLS/SOMATIC STEM CELLS
 Adult stem cells are found in the human body and in umbilical cord
blood.
 Also known as Tissue specific stem cell
 The most well known source of adult stem cells in the body is bone
marrow but they are also found in many organs and tissues; even in the
blood.
 Adult stem cells are more specialized since they are assigned to a
specific cell family such as blood cells, nerve cells, etc.
 Recently, it was discovered that an adult stem cell from one tissue may
act as a stem cell for another tissue, i.e. blood to neural

17. neurons
grow under conditions B
Embryonic stem (ES) cells:
Challenges
embryonic stem cells
skin
grow under conditions A
blood
grow under conditions C
liver
grow
under conditions D

18. Adult stem cells:
What they can do
MULTIPOTENT
blood stem cell
found in
bone marrow
differentiation
only specialized types of blood cell:
red blood cells, white blood cells,
platelets

19. Isolation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

20. CLINICAL APPLICATION

22. i PS –INDUCED
PLURIPOTENT STEMCELL

23. Induced Pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)
cell from the body
‘genetic reprogramming’
= add certain genes to the cell
induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell
behaves like an embryonic stem cell
Advantage: no need for embryos! all possible types of
specialized cells
culture iPS cells in the lab
differentiation

24. “Scientists Turn Human Skin Cells into
Stem Cells”
By inserting just four genes -Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc- into fibroblasts
(cultured skin cells) ,Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University reported his
transformation of cultured mouse skin cells into a state approximating that
of embryonic stem cells.

25. Prize in Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 was awarded
jointly to Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka "for the
discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become
pluripotent stem cell"

26. Conclusion
Stem cell research is complicated and rapidly changing .Today’s
medicine generally tries to support or treat injured tissues and organs,
but stem cells may someday simply replace them. Stem cell therapy is
considered as like a soldier with a weapon. Only if the soldier
(experienced doctor ),weapon (technology) and bullets (stem cells) all
are in our hand than the fight will turn in our favor.

27. REFERENCS
 https://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/4.html
 www.imedpub.com

28. ACKNOWLDEGEMENT
I would like to convey my heart felt thanks to my faculty members
Shree Radhakanta Pradhan (HOD) ,Dr. Jatindra ku Pradhan and
Dr.Muntaz khan sir for their valuable guidance for the completion of
this seminar.
I would like to thank Baikuntha sahu Science society secretary for
making such a beautiful arrangements and providing me a chance to
deliver this seminar.
I would like to take this oppertuinity to thank all those people who have
directly or indirectly helped me making this seminar.

29. THANK YOU