This document provides an overview of GIS and GPS technology. It defines GIS as a software system that combines maps with spatially referenced data for analysis and presentation. GIS uses different layers to represent features on maps and link data to locations. GPS is a satellite-based system that determines location using signals from orbiting satellites. When combined with GIS, GPS and GIS allow users to capture, analyze and display geospatial data to support decision making.

1. An Introduction toAn Introduction to
GIS and GPS TechnologyGIS and GPS Technology

2. OverviewOverview
 What is GPS?What is GPS?

What does the GPS do?

How it worksHow it works
 What is GIS?What is GIS?

GIS ApplicationGIS Application

GIS DataGIS Data

GIS Technology(ArcGIS)GIS Technology(ArcGIS)
 Application with GIS and GPSApplication with GIS and GPS

Pocket StreetPocket Street

Automated Vehicle Location SystemAutomated Vehicle Location System

3. A definition of GISA definition of GIS
 GIS ((-Geographic
Information Systems )) is ais a
computer software,computer software,
hardware and data, andhardware and data, and
personnel to helppersonnel to help
manipulate, analyze andmanipulate, analyze and
present information that ispresent information that is
tied to a spatial location.tied to a spatial location.
 spatial locationspatial location –usually a–usually a
geographic locationgeographic location

4. What is GISWhat is GIS
 Different layers

Typically a GIS is used for
handling maps of one kind or
another.

These might be represented
as several different layers
where each layer holds data
about a particular kind of
feature.

Each feature is linked to a
position on the graphical
image of a map
 ““Smart Maps”:Smart Maps”:

linking database to maps.linking database to maps.

5. GISGIS–One–One exampleexample with Five Datawith Five Data
LayersLayers

6. Maps and Database areMaps and Database are
InteractiveInteractive

7. Some ways of using GISSome ways of using GIS
TechnologyTechnology
Wherever Spatial Data Analysis is NeededWherever Spatial Data Analysis is Needed
 Emergency ServicesEmergency Services – Fire & Police– Fire & Police
 EnvironmentalEnvironmental – Monitoring & Modeling– Monitoring & Modeling
 BusinessBusiness – Site Location, Delivery Systems– Site Location, Delivery Systems
 IndustryIndustry – Transportation, Communication,– Transportation, Communication,
Mining, Pipelines, HealthcareMining, Pipelines, Healthcare
 GovernmentGovernment – Local, State, Federal, Military– Local, State, Federal, Military
 EducationEducation – Research, Teaching Tool,– Research, Teaching Tool,
AdministrationAdministration

8. GIS ApplicationApplication Today
 Today’s modern systems allow data to be transferred
directly to the GIS database.
 All information is immediately available for further
processing such as correcting errors, performing
calculations, etc.

9. GIS ApplicationApplication Today
 Handheld GIS computer
system
 GPS based interface
 Commercial GIS data
sources
 Internet based data
server

10. Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System
(GPS)(GPS)
The Global PositioningThe Global Positioning
System (GPS)System (GPS)
is a satellite-based navigationis a satellite-based navigation
system made up of a networksystem made up of a network
of 24 satellites placed into orbitof 24 satellites placed into orbit
by the U.S.Department ofby the U.S.Department of
Defense.Defense.
GPS satellitesGPS satellites
 24 Satellites in 6 planes, each24 Satellites in 6 planes, each
plane has 4 satellitesplane has 4 satellites
 These space vehicles (SVs)These space vehicles (SVs)
send radio signals from space.send radio signals from space.

11. What does the GPS do
 Satellite signals can beSatellite signals can be
processed in a GPS receiver.processed in a GPS receiver.
 GPS receiver will show yourGPS receiver will show your
EXACT location on the EarthEXACT location on the Earth
(latitude and longitude)
 Helps you find your way to a
specified location
 Let’s you know what direction
you are heading and how fast
you are going

12. GPS- How it worksGPS- How it works
 Measuring the distance from a satellite by measuringMeasuring the distance from a satellite by measuring
travel time of radio signals secondstravel time of radio signals seconds
Distance = speed of light * latency in timeDistance = speed of light * latency in time
 Four GPS satellite signals are used to compute positionsFour GPS satellite signals are used to compute positions
in three dimensions and the time offset in the receiverin three dimensions and the time offset in the receiver
clock.clock.

13. ConclusionsConclusions
 GPS can show your EXACT location on the EarthGPS can show your EXACT location on the Earth
(latitude and longitude)
 GIS provides several different map layers where each
layer holds data about a particular kind of feature related
to spatial data.
 Using GIS and GPS we can capture, management,
analysis, modeling and display geographically
referenced data for decision making. It is a way in which
to begin to represent and model the real world.